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mi R-192-5p regulates lipid synthesis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through SCD-1

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第46期23卷 8140-8151页

作者： Xiao-Lin Liu Hai-Xia Cao Bao-Can Wang Feng-Zhi Xin Rui-Nan Zhang Da Zhou Rui-Xu Yang Ze-Hua Zhao Qin Pan Jian-Gao Fan Center for fatty liver Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

AIM To evaluate the levels of mi R-192-5 p in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) models and demonstrate the role of mi R-192-5 p in lipid accumulation. METHODS Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, which were given a standard diet, a high-fat diet(HFD), and an HFD with injection of liraglutide. At the end of 16 weeks, hepatic mi R-192-5 p and stearoyl-Co A desaturase 1(SCD-1) levels were measured. Mi R-192-5 p mimic and inhibitor and SCD-1 si RNA were transfected into Huh7 cells exposed to palmitic acid(PA). Lipid accumulation was evaluated by oil red O staining and triglyceride assays. Direct interaction was validated by dual-luciferase reporter gene assays.RESULTS The HFD rats showed a 0.46-fold decrease and a 3.5-fold increase in hepatic mi R-192-5 p and SCD-1 protein levels compared with controls, respectively, which could be reversed after disease remission by liraglutide injection(P < 0.01). The Huh7 cells exposed to PA also showed down-regulation and up-regulation of mi R-192-5 p and SCD-1 protein levels, respectively(P < 0.01). Transfection with mi R-192-5 p mimic and inhibitor in Huh7 cells induced dramatic repression and promotion of SCD-1 protein levels, respectively(P < 0.01). Luciferase activity was suppressed and enhanced by mi R-192-5 p mimic and inhibitor, respectively, in wild-type SCD-1(P < 0.01) but not in mutant SCD-1. Mi R-192-5 p overexpression reduced lipid accumulation significantly in PA-treated Huh7 cells, and SCD-1 si RNA transfection abrogated the lipid deposition aggravated by mi R-192-5 p inhibitor(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that mi R-192-5 p has a negative regulatory role in lipid synthesis, which is mediated through its direct regulation of SCD-1.

关键词： mi R-192-5p Stearoyl-Co A desaturase 1 High fat diet Lipid synthesis non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Green tea polyphenols ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through upregulating AMPK activation in high fat fed Zucker fatty rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第21期23卷 3805-3814页

作者： Yi Tan Jane Kim Jing Cheng Madeleine Ong Wei-Guo Lao Xing-Liang Jin Yi-Guang Lin Linda Xiao Xue-Qiong Zhu Xian-Qin Qu School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences University of Technology Sydney The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University

AIM To investigate protective effects and molecular mechanisms of green tea polyphenols(GTP) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in Zucker fatty(ZF) rats.METHODS Male ZF rats were fed a high-fat diet(HFD) for 2 wk then treated with GTP(200 mg/kg) or saline(5 m L/kg) for 8 wk, with Zucker lean rat as their control. At the end of experiment, serum and liver tissue were collected for measurement of metabolic parameters, alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST), inflammatory cytokines and hepatic triglyceride and liver histology. Immunoblotting was used to detect phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) acetyl-Co A carboxylase(ACC), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c(SREBP1c). RESULTS Genetically obese ZF rats on a HFD presented with metabolic features of hepatic pathological changes comparable to human with NAFLD. GTP intervention decreased weight gain(10.1%, P = 0.052) and significantly lowered visceral fat(31.0%, P liver in GTP treated rats. CONCLUSION The protective effects of GTP against HFD-induced NAFLD in genetically obese ZF rats are positively correlated to reduction in hepatic lipogenesis through upregulating the AMPK pathway.

关键词： non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Green tea polyphenols Hepatic lipogenesis Inflammatory cytokines AMP-activated protein kinase

Effect of Berberine on Expressions of Uncoupling Protein-2 mRNA and Protein in Hepatic Tissue of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Rats

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2011年第2期17卷 205-211页

作者：杨钦河胡四平张玉佩谢维宁李娜纪桂元乔娜丽林秀峰陈同炎刘海涛 Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Medical CollegeJinan University Guangdong Province Integrative Medicine Hospital

Objective： To observe the effect of berberine on uncoupling protein-2 （UCP2） mRNA and protein expressions in the hepatic tissue of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） in rats, and to explore the molecular mechanism. Methods： To establish the NAFLD rat model; the rats were fed by high fat forage and were randomly divided into four groups： normal group, model group, berberine high-dose group （324 mg/ kg）, and berberine low-dose group （162 mg/kg）. After treatment for 12 weeks, the expression of UCP2 mRNA in the liver tissue was analyzed by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RTPCR）. The expression level of UCP2 protein in the liver tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry. Total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） contents in blood serum, and TG and TC contents in the liver were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The other is to observe the axungia degree of the liver. Results： The expression of UCP2 mRNA and positive cell numbers in the liver tissue were dramatically increased in the model group （P〈0.01）. Lipid in the serum and hepatic tissues increased significantly, and the liver was fatty. But in the treatment groups, the expression levels of mRNA and UCP2 proteins were significantly down-regulated （P〈0.01）. liver steatosis was improved. Conclusions： Berberine can down-regulate the expression levels of UCP2 mRNA and UCP2 proteins of hepatic tissue in NAFLD rats. It can promote the recovery of hepatocyte steatosis and improve lipid metabolism disorder in NAFLD rats. Berberine shows a potential therapeutic effect on NAFLD.

关键词： non-alcoholic fatty liver disease berberine uncoupling protein-2 experimental study

Upregulation of caveolin-1 and SR-B1 in mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic diseases International 2013年第6期12卷 630-636页

作者： Yan Qiu Shan Liu Hong-Tan Chen Chao-Hui Yu Xiao-Dong Teng Hong-Tian Yao Guo-Qiang Department of Gastroenterology First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine

BACKGROUND:non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is one of the most frequent causes of liver diseases,with markedly increased prevalence.However,its mechanisms are not clear.The present study was undertaken to illustrate the role of caveolin-1(cav1)and the scavenger receptor class B type 1(SR-B1)in NAFLD.METHODS:Adult male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a normal diet or high fat and cholesterol(HFC)diet for 14 weeks.The mice were sacrificed to collect plasma and harvest the liver;their plasma lipid concentration was measured.Hepatic cav1and SR-B1 mRNA and protein expression were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and Western blotting,respectively.In order to study cav1 and SR-B1distribution and change in hepatocytes,immunohistochemical analysis was performed.RESULTS:HFC diet increased plasma lipids,induced NAFLD and increased the liver/body weight ratio.Compared to the control mice(n=6),the mRNA and protein levels of cav1 and SR-B1 in liver tissue of the NAFLD mice(n=12)increased significantly(cav1 mRNA:1.536±0.226 vs 0.980±0.272,P<0.05;protein:0.643±0.240 vs 0.100±0.130,P<0.01;SR-B1 mRNA:1.377±0.125 vs 0.956±0.151,P<0.01;protein:2.156±0.507vs 0.211±0.211,P<0.01).Furthermore,both cav1 and SR-B1immunoreactivity increased and their distribution was also changed,mainly in the plasma membrane of hepatocytes,cytoplasm and membrane of lipid droplets and around.CONCLUSION:NAFLD is associated with increased concentration of plasma lipids and upregulation of hepatic cav1 and SR-B1 gene and protein expressions,which indicate that cav1 and SR-B1 might play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

关键词： non-alcoholic fatty liver disease caveolin-1 scavenger receptor class B type 1 pathogenesis high fat and cholesterol diet

Novel glucose-lowering drugs for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第1期12卷 84-97页

作者： Zuo-Di Fu Xiao-Ling Cai Wen-Jia Yang Ming-Ming Zhao Ran Li Yu-Feng Li Department of Endocrinology Beijing Friendship Hospital Pinggu CampusBeijing 101200China Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Peking University People’s HospitalBeijing 100044China The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences School of Basic Medical SciencesHealth Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijing 100079China Sport Science School Beijing Sport UniversityBeijing 100078China Department of Endocrinology Beijing Friendship Hospital Pinggu CampusCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 101200China

BACKGROUND The efficacy of novel glucose-lowering drugs in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is unknown.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of glucose-lowering drugs dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4)inhibitors,glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs),and sodiumglucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2)inhibitors in treating NAFLD and to perform a comparison between these treatments.METHODS Electronic databases were systematically searched.The inclusion criteria were:Randomized controlled trials comparing DPP-4 inhibitors,GLP-1 RAs,or SGLT2 inhibitors against placebo or other active glucose-lowering drugs in NAFLD patients,with outcomes of changes in liver enzyme[alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and/or aspartate aminotransferase(AST)]from baseline.RESULTS Nineteen studies were finally included in this meta-analysis.Compared with placebo or other active glucose-lowering drug treatment,treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors,GLP-1 RAs,and SGLT2 inhibitors all led to a significant decrease in ALT change and AST change from baseline.The difference between the DPP-4 inhibitor and SGLT2 inhibitor groups in ALT change was significant in favor of DPP-4 inhibitor treatment(Pliver injury and reducing liver fat in NAFLD patients.

关键词： non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Glucose-lowering drug Meta-analysis Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist

Coronavirus disease 2019 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第9期13卷 969-978页

作者： Francesco Bellanti Gianluigi Vendemiale Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of FoggiaFoggia 71122Italy

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic may present with a broad range of clinical manifestations,from no or mild symptoms to severe disease.Patients with specific pre-existing comorbidities,such as obesity and type 2 diabetes,are at high risk of coming out with a critical form of COVID-19.nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease,and,because of its frequent association with metabolic alterations including obesity and type 2 diabetes,it has recently been re-named as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).Several studies and systematic reviews pointed out the increased risk of severe COVID-19 in NAFLD/MAFLD patients.Even though dedicated mechanistic studies are missing,this higher probability may be justified by systemic low-grade chronic inflammation associated with immune dysregulation in NAFLD/MAFLD,which could trigger cytokine storm and hypercoagulable state after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.This review focuses on the predisposing role of NAFLD/MAFLD in favoring severe COVID-19,discussing the available information on specific risk factors,clinical features,outcomes,and pathogenetic mechanisms.

关键词： non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 liver injury Immune dysregulation

Shifting perspectives-interplay between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance in lean individuals

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第1期13卷 80-93页

作者： Ines Bilic-Curcic Maja Cigrovski Berkovic Lucija Virovic-Jukic Anna Mrzljak Department of Pharmacology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of J.J.Strossmayer OsijekOsijek 31000Croatia Clinical Hospital Center Osijek Osijek 31000Croatia Department of Kinesiological Anthropology and Methodology Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Clinical Hospital Dubrava Zagreb 10000Croatia Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologySisters of Charity University HospitalZagreb 10000Croatia School of Medicine University of ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Medicine Merkur University HospitalZagreb 10000Croatia

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become a significant public health burden affecting not only obese individuals but also people with normal weight.As opposed to previous beliefs,this particular subset of patients has an increased risk of all-cause mortality and worse outcomes than their obese counterparts.The development of NAFLD in lean subjects seems to be interconnected with metabolic phenotype,precisely visceral fat tissue,sarcopenia,and insulin resistance.Here,we summarize available data focusing on the co-dependent relationship between metabolic phenotype,insulin resistance,and development of NAFLD in lean individuals,suggesting more appropriate tools for measuring body fat distribution for the screening of patients at risk.

关键词： non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Metabolic phenotype Lean individuals Insulin resistance Visceral fat tissue Sarcopenia

Machine learning models for predicting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the general United States population:NHANES database

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第10期13卷 1417-1427页

作者： Amporn Atsawarungruangkit Passisd Laoveeravat Kittichai Promrat Division of Gastroenterology Warren Alpert Medical SchoolBrown UniversityProvidenceRI 02903United States Division of Digestive diseases and Nutrition University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKY 40536United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Providence VA Medical CenterProvidenceRI 02908United States

BACKGROUND non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease,affecting over 30% of the United States population.Early patient identification using a simple method is highly desirable.AIM To create machine learning models for predicting NAFLD in the general United States population.METHODS Using the NHANES 1988-1994.Thirty NAFLD-related factors were included.The dataset was divided into the training(70%)and testing(30%)datasets.Twentyfour machine learning algorithms were applied to the training dataset.The bestperforming models and another interpretable model(i.e.,coarse trees)were tested using the testing dataset.RESULTS There were 3235 participants(n=3235)that met the inclusion criteria.In the training phase,the ensemble of random undersampling(RUS)boosted trees had the highest F1(0.53).In the testing phase,we compared selective machine learning models and NAFLD indices.Based on F1,the ensemble of RUS boosted trees remained the top performer(accuracy 71.1%and F10.56)followed by the fatty liver index(accuracy 68.8% and F10.52).A simple model(coarse trees)had an accuracy of 74.9% and an F1 of 0.33.CONCLUSION Not every machine learning model is complex.Using a simpler model such as coarse trees,we can create an interpretable model for predicting NAFLD with only two predictors:fasting C-peptide and waist circumference.Although the simpler model does not have the best performance,its simplicity is useful in clinical practice.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fatty liver United States population NHANES

Vitamin D Is Associated with Severity and Mortality of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A US Population-based Study

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2017年第3期5卷 185-192页

作者： Hyun-Seok Kim Laura Rotundo Neil Kothari Sung-Hoon Kim Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark NJ USA College of Korean Medicine Kyung-hee University Seoul South Korea Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark NJ USA

Background and Aims:There has been increasing evidence that vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome.Since metabolic syndrome is a major risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD),we aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D and the severity and mortality of NAFLD.Methods:Data was obtained from the United States Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 1988-1994,with followup mortality data through 2011.NAFLD was defined by ultrasonographic detection of hepatic steatosis in the absence of other liver diseases and categorized as normal,mild,moderate or severe.The severity of hepatic fibrosis was determined by NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS).ANOVA (F-test) was used to evaluate the association between vitamin D level and degree of NAFLD,and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used for survival analyses.Results:Vitamin D levels for normal,mild,moderate and severe steatosis were 25.1 ± 0.29 ng/mL,24.7 ± 0.42 ng/mL,23.7 ± 0.37 ng/mL and 23.6 ± 0.60 ng/mL,respectively (trend p diseaserelated mortality (hazard ratio (HR):3.64,95%CI:1.51-8.82 and HR:4.80,95%CI:1.53-15.1,respectively),with a borderline significance in overall mortality (HR:1.16,95%CI:0.99-1.36,p =0.06).Conclusion:Vitamin D level was inversely related to the degree of liver steatosis and fibrosis.Moreover,vitamin D deficiency was associated with diabetes-and Alzheimer's disease-related mortality in NAFLD patients.

关键词： Vitamin D non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Mortality Severity