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Effects of nitrogen application levels on Ammonia Volatilization and nitrogen Utilization during Rice Growing Season

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Rice science 2012年第2期19卷 125-134页

作者： LIN Zhong-cheng DAI Qi-gen YE Shi-chao WU Fu-guan JIA Yu-shu CHEN Jing-dou XU Lu-sheng ZHANG Hong-cheng Huo Zhong-yang Xu Ke WEt Hai-yan Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley Ministry of Agriculture Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China Agriculture Committee of Wujiang County Jiangsu Province Wujiang 215200 China Agriculture Bureau of Guannan County Jiangsu Province Guannan 222500 China

We conducted field trials of rice grown in sandy soil and clay soil to determine the effects of nitrogen application levels on the concentration of NH4＋-N in surface water, loss of ammonia through volatilization from paddy fields, rice production, nitrogen-use efficiency, and nitrogen content in the soil profile. The concentration of NH4＋-N in surface water and the amount of ammonia lost through volatilization increased with increasing nitrogen application level, and peaked at 1-3 d after nitrogen application. Less ammonia was lost via volatilization from clay soil than from sandy soil. The amounts of ammonia lost via volatilization after nitrogen application differed depending on the stage when it was applied, from the highest loss to the lowest： N application to promote tillering 〉 the first N topdressing to promote panicle initiation （applied at the last 4-leaf stage）〉 basal fertilizer 〉 the second N topdressing to promote panicle initiation （applied at the last 2-leaf stage）. The total loss of ammonia via volatilization from clay soil was 10.49-87.06 kg/hm2, equivalent to 10.92%-21.76% of the nitrogen applied. The total loss of ammonia via volatilization from sandy soil was 11.32-102.43 kg/hm2, equivalent to 11.32%-25.61 % of the nitrogen applied. The amount of ammonia lost via volatilization and the concentration of NH4＋-N in surface water peaked simultaneously after nitrogen application; both showed maxima at the tillering stage with the ratio between them ranging from 23.76% to 33.65%. With the increase in nitrogen application level, rice production and nitrogen accumulation in plants increased, but nitrogen-use efficiency decreased. Rice production and nitrogen accumulation in plants were slightly higher in clay soil than in sandy soil. In the soil, the nitrogen content was the lowest at a depth of 40-50 cm. In any specific soil layer, the soil nitrogen content increased with increasing nitrogen application level, and the soil nitrogen content was higher in

关键词： ammonia volatilization nitrogen application level soil type nitrogen-use efficiency rice

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Variation of nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency of Mid-Season Hybrid Rice at Different Ecological Sites under Different nitrogen application levels

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2011年第7期12卷 1001-1009,1012页

作者：徐富贤熊洪张林郭晓艺朱永川周兴兵刘茂四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所四川泸州646000

[Objective] The study aimed at investigating the effects of different geographic sites,soil chemical characteristics and nitrogen application levels on nitrogen accumulation and distribution in different organs and utilization efficiency for mid-season hybrid rice.[Method] By using mid-season rice varieties II-you 7 and Yuxiangyou203 as the experimental materials,field experiment was conducted at seven ecological sites in four provinces or cities in Southwestern China in 2009.A total of four nitrogen application levels were set as follows：by using 75 kg/hm2 of P2O5 and 75 kg/hm2 of K2O as the base fertilizer,extra 0,90,150 and 210 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer（in which,base fertilizer,base-tillering fertilizer and base-earing fertilizer respectively accounted for 60%,20% and 20%.） was applied,*** the split-plot design,fertilizer was considered as the main factor while rice variety was taken as the secondary factor.A total of eight treatments were set with three replications.[Result] Highly significant differences of grain yield were found among seven locations,two varieties,four nitrogen application levels,interactions of site × variety and site × nitrogen application level,but the interaction of variety ×nitrogen application level had no significant influence on rice *** were highly significant effects of site,varieties and nitrogen application level on dry matter production,nitrogen content,nitrogen utilization *** significant negative correlations between uptake efficiency and utilization efficiency for nitrogen were found;and multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that nitrogen uptake-utilization efficiency were significantly influenced by different ecological sites,chemical quality of soil and the levels of nitrogen application.[Conclusion] The research will provide theoretical and practical basis for the highly efficient application of nitrogen in mid-season hybrid rice cultivation.

关键词： Mid-season hybrid rice Ecological site Soil chemical characteristics nitrogen application level nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency

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Effects of Different nitrogen Fertilizer Treatments on Soil Enzymatic Activities in Mulberry Gardens

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2014年第5期3卷 38-41页

作者： Yan ZENG Jinsheng HUANG Liuqiang ZHOU Meifu HUANG Rulin XIE Hongwei TAN Agricultural Resource and Environment Research Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sugarcane Research Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences

[ Objective] The present experiment was undertaken to investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application levels on soil enzymatic activities in mulberry gardens, thus providing reference for rational application of nitrogen fertilizer and production of high-quality mulberry leaves. [Method] Field experiments were conducted with three different nitrogen fertilizer application levels： N, （ 120.75 kg/hm2 ）, N2 （ 172.5 kg/hm2 ）, and N3 （207 kg/hm2 ）. Activities of catalase, urease, acid phosphatase and invertase in soil applied with different amount of nitrogen fertilizer were determined to analyze the correlation between soil enzymatic activities and mulberry leaf yield. [ Result] Activities of urease and invertase in soil were improved with the increasing application level of nitrogen fertil- izer; activities of catalase and acid phosphatase reached the highest in treatment N2. Activities of invertase and urease in soil exhibited significant positive correla- tions; activities of invertase and phosphatase exhibited significant positive correlations; extremely significant positive correlations were found between mulberry leaf yield and activities of urease, phosphatase and invertase in soil. [ Conclusion] Rationally applying nitrogen fertilizer can improve activities of invertase, phosphatase and urease in mulberry gardens ; activities of urease and invertase in soil can be used as indicators to evaluate soil properties in mulberry gardens.

关键词： Mulberry gardens Soil enzyme activities nitrogen application level

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