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Immunogenic potential and protective efficacy of formalin inactivated circulating Indian strain of West nile virus

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014年第12期7卷 946-951页

作者： Pritom Chowdhury Siraj Ahmed Khan Rashmee Topno Prafulla Dutta R.N.S.Yadav Jagadish Mahanta Regional Medical Research Centre ICMR(NE Region)DibrugarhAssamIndia Centre for studies in Biotechnology Dibrugarh UniversityDibrugarh-786004AssamIndia

Objective:To assess the best suitable condition for virus *** to study the immunogenic potential and protective efficacy of a circulating West nile virus(WNV) strain in ***:Bulk preparation of circulating WNV:WNIRGC07(GeneBank ID:HQ246154).was undertaken in a bioreaclor using *** Inactivation was done in three different conditions:22 ℃.4 ℃ and room *** virus preparations were evaluated for antigenicity by ELISA and toxicity by cell proliferation *** efficacy was done in-viro on swiss albino mice against standard Indian WNV and Japanese encephalitis virus(JKV)*** and cell mediated immune response was evaluated in mice sera by ELISA and neutralization ***:Inactivation at 22 ℃ was found to be more suitable in terms of less toxicity and high *** same was selected to study the immune response and efficacy in *** induced neutralizing antibody titre of 1:625 and high EgG *** vivo experiment showed 100% protective efficacy against WNV and 20.8% cross protective efficacy against *** assessment of cellular immunity through immunized mice revealed augmentation of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and moderate levels of anti—cytokines indicating a mixed balance of Th1 and Th2 ***:Findings suggest that formalin inactivated Indian WNV strain has a good immunogenic *** is the first study on assessment of immunogenic potential of a lineage 5 strain of *** study reveals that it would be a promising and effective candidate for vaccine studies which warrants further evaluation.

关键词： West nile virus Assam Immunization Efficacy Neutralizing antibody Cytokine

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Prevalence of West nile virus in Mashhad,Iran:A population-based study

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第3期8卷 203-205页

作者： Zahra Meshkat Sadegh Chinikar Mohammad Taghi Shakeri Lida Manavifar Maryam Moradi Hessam Mirshahabi Tahmineh Jalali Sahar Khakifirouz Nariman Shahhosseini Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory(National Ref.Lab) Department of Biostatistics Public Health School.Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Department of Laboratory Sciences School of Paramedical and RehabilitationMashhad University of Medical Sciences Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine.Zanjan University of Medical Sciences

Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of West nile virus seropositivity in the general population of *** of ***:One hundred and eighty two individuals living in the city of Mashhad were studied using cluster sampling *** IgM and IgG antibodies against WNV were detected by ELISA ***:In this study,the overall IgG seroprevalence of positive West nile virus was 11%;*** antibody was not found in the ***:Our study suggested that the prevalence rate of West virus is considerable in Mashhad *** seems necessary for clinicians and health care workers to be aware of WNV infection in the Northeast Iran.

关键词： West nile virus Prevalence Population Iran

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Hydrological mass variations in the nile River Basin from GRACE and hydrological models

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2019年第6期10卷 430-438页

作者： Mostafa Abd-Elbaky Shuanggen Jin Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200030China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100084China Civil Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringMinia UniversityMinia6111Egypt

Terrestrial water storage(TWS)change is a key component of the global water cycle and hydrologic ***,it is of significance to quantify TWS variations at large scale and understand how the climate changes affect in the water systems,particularly in the nile River *** this study,TWS variations in the nile River Basin are estimated and investigated from January 2003 to August 2016 by using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE).Also,the Global Land Data Assimilation System(GLDAS)and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM)are used to understand the causes of the TWS variations in the nile River Basin(NRB).The peak of precipitation has happened in July and *** one month the appearance of the influence of precipitation on soil moisture is *** the other hand,after two months the same effect of precipitation in TWS is *** the peak of soil moisture has occurred in August and September,the maximum of TWS has observed in September and *** maximum annual TWS from GRACE measurements is 42.66 mm in NRB during September-November(autumn),and its minimum is-33.77 mm during March-May(spring).Also,the maximum annual soil moisture is 25.22 mm in NRB during September-November(autumn),and its minimum is-23.34 mm during March-May(spring)while the peak precipitation is 100.11 mm during June-August(summer)and its minimum is 14.62 mm during December-February(winter).The trend of TWS variations in NRB is 0.04 mm/yr from ***,the TWS variations are mainly dominated by the soil moisture in the nile River Basin with the correlation coefficient of *** addition,the correlation factor between the non-seasonal TWS and ScPDSI is 0.60,indicating that GRACE-derived TWS well capture the most severe droughts occurred in 2006 and 2011.

关键词： Terrestrial water storage nile River Basin GRACE TRMM Climate change

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Induction of testis-ova in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to 17β-estradiol

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Natural Science 2011年第3期3卷 227-233页

作者： Piya Kosai Wannee Jiraungkoorskul Chaivira Sachamahithinant Kanitta Jiraungkoorskul 不详

The efficacy of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs), 17β-estradiol was tested on the fish Oreochromis niloticus in order to understand the intersex relationship of fish, in which sequential hermaphrodism can consist of a male changing into a female (protandry) or a female changing into a male (protogyny). The fish were equally divided into 3 groups. The first group was the control group;the second and third groups were treated with 10 and 100 mg L-1 of 17β-estradiol, respectively, for 30 days. The overall result in this experiment had no significant effect on the growth parameters. Among the two treated groups, the low concentration group shows results similar to those of the control groups. The high concentration group shows changes to the male reproductive system with the appearance of the testis-ova present resulting in an intersex condition of the male gonads. With this experiment, it can be concluded that 17β-estradiol at high concentration reveals positive changes towards the male reproductive system of the fish, Oreochromis niloticus.

关键词： Oreochromis niloticus nile Tilapia Endocrine Disruption Xenoestrogens Testis-Ova 17β-Estradiol

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Prediction of Groundwater Level Fluctuation towards Rainfall Induced Landslide: Case of Blue nile Gorge, Central Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2017年第4期7卷 274-297页

作者： Bisrat Ayalew Yifru Fasika Mekonnen Ayehu School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia

The groundwater level fluctuation was studied in a complex geological setting region where a frequent landslide is observed in a rainy season. Steady and transient states of flow are modeled with different hydrogeological parameters. The models are calibrated to satisfy the observed field conditions and expected results from the scientific point of view. The results reveal that the groundwater level fluctuation and flow direction in the region are complex. In limited areas, the fluctuation of groundwater is significant from season to season while in others the level remains stable in all seasons of the year. Following that, the result of groundwater flow model was exported to GeoStudio to simulate the slope stability of selected slope. The factor of safety was calculated using Slope/W. The effect of pore-water on the factor of safety was cross-checked by remodeling the slope without water. The results and sensitivity analysis of slope stability confirm that the rise of groundwater level decreases the factor of safety significantly only on critical slope section.

关键词： Blue nile Gorge Groundwater Level MODFLOW Landslide Slope/W Factor of Safety

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Low Flow Trends and Frequency Analysis in the Blue nile Basin, Ethiopia

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2018年第2期10卷 182-203页

作者： Kidist Assefa Mamaru A. Moges Amhara Water Irrigation and Energy Bureau Bahir Dar Ethiopia Faculty Civil and Water Resources Engineering Bahir Dar Institute of Technology Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Blue nile Water Institute Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia

Low flow analysis provides crucial information for the planning and design water resource development, risk assessment and environmental flow management. Understanding the low flow regimes and evaluating the magnitudes for incorporating in water resources management is vital for the countries like Ethiopia where demand for water is increasing. However, there were hardly enough studies in understanding the trends of low flow and frequency analysis. Therefore, this study focuses on evaluation of the trends in low flows and regional low flow analysis in the Blue nile Basin, Ethiopia. In order to carry out the study, 15 river sub-basins in the Blue nile Basin were selected based on the long term data availability and presence of quality of data. The 3-day sustained low flow (3d-slf), the 7-day sustained low flow (7d-slf) and the 14-day sustained low flow (14d-slf) models were used to extract the data from the daily time series stream data obtained from MoWIE. Trends in low flow were analyzed separately by using Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test. Low flow frequency analysis was used to estimate the long term low flow quantiles. In addition, regional analysis for estimating the quantiles for ungaged catchments was also developed based on the regional growth curve and catchment characteristic of drainage basins. The results indicated that 3d-slf, 7d-slf and 14d-slf models of low flow series indicated no significant difference for each station at 95% CI. Out of the 15 selected stations, 12 of stations have indicated decreasing;two stations indicated increasing and remaining one station with no trend. Mainly decreasing trend was associated with the land cover and climate change which results in increasing runoff and evapotranspiration respectively. Weibull distribution—GEV and LGN was found best fit based on the L-Moment Ratio Diagram (L-MRD). Hence quantile estimations have indicated diminishing magnitudes of low flow quintiles for 2 - 500 years return periods. Regional low freq

关键词： Mann-Kendall Low Flow L-MRD PWM Regionalization Blue nile Basin

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Sedimentation Processes at the Navigation Channel of the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Port, nile Delta, Egypt

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International Journal of Geosciences 2010年第1期1卷 14-20页

作者： Essam Abd El-Halim Mohamed Deabes 不详

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) port is located at Abu Qir Bay on the northwestern coast of the nile delta, Egypt. The port was constructed in 2004 to export liquefied natural gas worldwide. The offshore basins of this port including the turning and berthing areas (15-m depth) are connected to the deep water by a 15-m depth dredged channel that extends 4 km offshore. However, the navigation channel and its contiguous basins have experienced problematic shoaling that might affect the navigation activities of gas tankers. Sedimentation processes have been investigated by analyses of waves, currents, bathymetry, grain size of seabed and channel dimensions. Sedimentation rates are estimated using a developed numerical model. Sedimentation rate fluctuates between 0.048 × 106 m3/month and 0.388 × 106 m3/month, with an annual sedimentation rate of 1.977 × 106 m3/yr. The variance in the sedimentation rates between winter and summer resulted in increasing of current speed and direction flowing towards offshore. The sedimentation process is influenced by the temporal variability in the direction and intensity of the predominant waves, currents, orientation of navigation channel, basin breakwaters, seafloor morphology and sediment sources. Due to the geographic location of LNG port it lays within a sediment sink for sediments supplied from different alternating directions by several pathways, flowing towards the N-W, S-W, N-E, and S-E quadrants. Most of these currents components are substantially effective in transporting fine-grained sediment towards the navigation channel axis and contiguous basins. Together with these currents, the predominant NW and SE waves acting to agitate and stirrup sediments in the vicinity of the port, and thereby accelerating sedimentation rates.

关键词： Sedimentation Rate nile Delta Navigation Channel Bed Load Suspended Load and Sediment Transport

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Applying ArcGIS to Estimate the Rates of Shoreline and Back-Shore Area Changes along the nile Delta Coast, Egypt

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International Journal of Geosciences 2017年第3期8卷 332-348页

作者： Essam A. M. Deabes Coastal Research Institute Alexandria Egypt

This study was undertaken to apply Geographic Information System “GIS” (ArcGIS 9.3) for calculating shoreline change rates and back-shore surface area due to these changes, particularly after constructing marine structures: including seawall, detached breakwaters and groins. Modelbuilder in ArcGIS software was used to design and develop an automated technique, module, for estimating such changes (rate and area). These changes are deduced from analysis of beach-nearshore profile surveys between 1970 and 2010 and shoreline position versus prevailing coastal processes. The results show that the major erosion occurred along the Delta promontories;the shoreline of Rosetta retreated (1.6 km) at an average rate of 60 m/yr with loss of back-shore area 6.4 km2;the coastline of Burullus bulge recessed at mean rate of 6 m/yr and decreasing in beach area of 1.31 km2;and at Damietta (Ras El-Bar) the shoreline moved backward (6 m/yr) with disappeared in beach area of 1.13 km2. The shape and orientation of these promontories contributed to create alternation between wave convergence zone that eventually causes erosion, and divergence zones that experienced shoreline accretion. Finally, the engineering structures didn’t solve or stop the erosion problem but shifted it from one place to another.

关键词： nile Delta Coast Shoreline Change Rate Erosion Accretion Marine Structures and Geographic Information System (GIS)

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A review on epidemiology and ecology of West nile fever: An emerging arboviral disease

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Journal of Acute Disease 2020年第3期9卷 93-99页

作者： Rouhullah Dehghani Hamid Kassiri Niusha Kasiri Mousa Dehghani Social Determinants of Health(SDH)Research Center and Department of Environment HealthKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran Department of Medical Entomology School of HealthAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran School of Medicine Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Natural ResourcesIsfahan University of TechnologyIsfahanIran

West nile virus (WNV) is found in 26 provinces of Iran in humans, horses, and birds. Due to lack of vaccines, the only method to reduce the risk of the disease in communities is to increase people''s awareness. Lack of killing and overhunting of animals does not alter the infected-blood transmission from animals to humans by mosquito bites, but can reduce disease transmission risks including the transmission of West nile fever (WNF) to humans. WNV is an enveloped Flavivirus that in nature has an enzootic cycle between mosquitoes and birds. The virus has occasional epizootic spillover causing disease in humans and horses. WNV-transmitting mosquitoes are widespread around the world, and the geographical range of transmission and the disease has increased over the past seven decades. Most human infections with WNV are asymptomatic, but severe neurological disease may develop resulting in long-term complications or death. Given the increasing trend of reported human WNF cases, it is necessary to implement surveillance programs and increase awareness of people and health staff about the function of biological factors including carnivores in the hunting of infected animals and collecting their carcass from nature. Hunting and killing of birds and dogs living near humans increase both the risk of deviation of blood-feeding of the zoophilic mosquitoes to humans and the outbreak of the disease.

关键词： Epidemiology West nile Fever Arbovirus Iran

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Accumulation of Some Heavy Metals in <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>from the nile in Egypt: Potential Hazards to Fish and Consumers

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第9期6卷 1003-1013页

作者： Hosnia S. Abdel-Mohsien Manal A. M. Mahmoud Department of Animal Hygiene Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt

Exposure to heavy metals is an important environmental problem resulting from anthropogenic activities. The aim of this study was the evaluation of some heavy metals as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and aluminum (Al), in muscle of fresh water fish Oreochromis niloticus from ten provinces all over Egypt to assess its possible hazards on fish and consumers. The analyzed metals could be detected in all examined samples and their order was Pb > Cr > Cd > Al. A positive correlation between Al concentration and the fish length was observed. The concentrations of Pb, Cd and Cr in fish samples were several times higher than their concentration in water and the bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) ranged from 8.22 - 122.6. The estimated weekly intake of Cd, Pb and Cr for a 70 kg person consuming fish in Egypt (7.94, 15.84 and 9.8 μg) is well below the Provisional Permissible Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) recommended by FAO/WHO. Although heavy metal levels in Egypt exceed the maximum permissible limits recommended by Egypt and WHO in some fish samples, the consumption of nile O. niloticus from Egypt is safe on human health.

关键词： Oreochromis niloticus Cadmium Lead Chromium Aluminum nile River

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