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Currency Issues and Financial Crises:The Excessive Issuance of Banknotes and Price Fluctuations during the"new policies"Period in the Late Qing

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Frontiers of History in China 2018年第4期13卷 558-576页

作者： Bo Chen Economic and Management School Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

In the new policies period of the late Qing, the central government’s power had declined due to an expansion of power at the local-government level. After gaining the right to independently fundraise during the Self-Strengthening Movement, local governments also obtained the privilege of issuing currency. Following a downward trend in China’s fiscal power, the issuance of banknotes by local government had become a noticeable problem. The influence of foreign banks in China, meanwhile, was continuing to expand, the increasing number of countries involved as well as the growing number of banks being just two examples. Because the central government lacked strong supervision, the rate of issuance of banknotes by foreign banks thus gradually increased, leading to growing prices. In addition, this dispersion of financial power further boosted inflation. Since the Qing government focused on reforming its approaches to finance and strengthening its central role during the new policies, reorganizing its banknote policy was its primary agenda. However, to a large extent, the policy was guided by the idea that monetary policy should be subordinate to financial needs. Thus, the very limited effect of the Qing government’s banknote-reorganization policy also marked the regime’s failure to bring about the modernization of China.

关键词： financial crises banknotes new policies late Qing

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Corrupted Infrastructure： Imperialism and Environmental Sovereignty in Shanghai, 1873-1911

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Frontiers of History in China 2015年第3期10卷 428-456页

作者： Shirley Ye Depa15maent of History University of Birmingham Edgbaston B 15 2TT UK

The introduction of Western science in order to change physical and operational aspects of Shanghai＇s Huangpu River had been debated by Qing and Western officials since almost the beginning of its history as a Treaty Port. At stake in those debates was the perception of the river＇s proper use： as a natural barrier for military defense, or as a conduit for global trade. After the Western powers unified to militarily suppress the Boxer Uprising in 1900, they attained their long-awaited goal of the right to transform the river for global trade as part of Article 11 of the Boxer Protocol： the Junpuju （or Huangpu Conservancy Board） was created and authorized by the central government to make the Huangpu River navigable for shipping vessels. Although the Junpuju continued the ethos of earlier extra-bureaucratic organizations established during the Self-Strengthening Movement, after 1901 the organization bore the authority of the central government. During the era of the new policies, Qing officials were intent on revising the original terms of river conservancy so that they would be more favorable to Chinese sovereignty. At the same time, imperialist rivalries among the Western powers ruptured the apparent unity of the earlier alliance during the suppression of the Boxer Uprising. Before long, Western corruption in the Huangpu River dredging was brought to the attention of Qing officials, who deftly used it to recover Qing control over certain parts of the body of the river.

关键词： Boxer Protocol corruption infrastructure Gu Hongming Huangpu River new policies Self-Strengthening Sino-French War

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清末新政与京师司法官员的满汉比例(1901-1912)

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中国近代史 2019年第2期 21-35页

作者：胡祥雨

清末新政改变了京师司法官员的满汉比例。在1906年官制改革前，京师三法司额设官员中，满(旗)人始终占有优势，且低级官吏几乎被满人垄断。官制改革以后，司法人员大大扩充，尽管满人官员有所增加，但汉(民)人官员增加更多。负责司法行... 详细信息

清末新政改变了京师司法官员的满汉比例。在1906年官制改革前，京师三法司额设官员中，满(旗)人始终占有优势，且低级官吏几乎被满人垄断。官制改革以后，司法人员大大扩充，尽管满人官员有所增加，但汉(民)人官员增加更多。负责司法行政事务的法部，汉人官员人数逐步增加并超过满人。在大理院和京师各级审判厅、检察厅官员中，汉人官员最终占有绝对多数。由此可见，破除“满汉畛域”对京师司法官员的任命产生了实际影响。

关键词：新政司法官员满汉缙绅录 new policies judicial officials Manchus and Han Records of the Qing Official Class(Jinshenlu)

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