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Influence of nuclear physics inputs and astrophysical conditions on r-process

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第8期62卷 75-82页

作者： Zhu Li ZhongMing Niu BaoHua Sun School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering Beihang University School of Physics and Materials Science Anhui University Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine Beihang University

The rapid neutron-capture process(r-process) is one of the main mechanisms to explain the origin of heavy elements in the universe. Although the past decades have seen great progress in understanding this process, the related nuclear physics inputs to r-process models include significant uncertainty. In this study, ten nuclear mass models, including macroscopic, macroscopicmicroscopic, and microscopic models, are used to calculate the β-decay rates and neutron-capture rates of the neutron-rich isotopes for the r-process simulations occurring in three classes of astrophysical conditions. The final r-process abundances include uncertainties introduced by the nuclear mass model mainly through the variation of neutron-capture rates, whereas the uncertainties of β-decay rates make a relatively small contribution. The uncertainties in different astrophysical scenarios are also investigated,and are found to be connected to the diverse groups of nuclei produced during nucleosynthesis.

关键词： r-process nuclear masses β-decay rates neutron-capture rates

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Selected issues at the interface between nuclear physics and astrophysics as well as the standard model

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2011年第S1期54卷 119-123页

作者： MENG Jie1,2,3, NIU ZhongMing1, LIANG HaoZhao1 & SUN BaoHua2,4 1State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China 3Department of Physics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa 4Justus-Liebig-Universita¨t Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 14, Giessen 35392, Germany State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of Physics Peking University Beijing China School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering Beihang University Beijing China Department of Physics University of Stellenbosch Stellenbosch South Africa Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen Giessen Germany

The density functional theory (DFT) with a minimal number of parameters allows a very successful phenomenological description of ground state properties of nuclei all over the periodic table. The recent developments on the application of the covariant density functional theory as well as its extensions by the group in Beijing for a series of interests and hot topics in nuclear astrophysics and nuclear structure are reviewed, including the rapid neutron-capture process, Th/U chronometer, and isospin corrections for superallowed β transitions.

关键词： rapid neutron-capture process nuclear chronometer isospin symmetry-breaking corrections

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Novel Biomaterial for NCT - “Rigid” Particles of (DNA-gadolinium) Liquid-Crystalline Dispersions

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2011年第3期2卷 281-292页

作者： Yuri M. Yevdokimov Victor I. Salyanov Sergey V. Akulinichev Vladimir M. Skorkin Pavel V. Spirin Nataliya N. Orlova Vladimir I. Popenko Vladimir S. Prassolov 不详

The formation and physico-chemical properties of biomaterial, based on double-stranded (ds) DNA molecules and bearing high concentration of gadolinium, is described. This “rigid” biomaterial demonstrate a few unique properties: (i) the ds DNA molecules forming complexes with gadolinium are fixed in the spatial structure of “rigid” particles, (ii) an abnormal negative band in the circular dichroism spectrum permits to follow the formation of this biomaterial;(iii) local concentration gadolinium in the content of biomaterial can reach 40%. These properties show that we are dealing with a novel type of biomaterial strongly enriched by gadolinium. This opens a gateway for practical application of this biomaterial for neutron-capture reactions. A first attempt to apply this material for neutron-capture reaction in combination with neutron generator of thermal neutron flux was performed. Positive result obtained at destruction of CHO cells allows one to state that the advantages of this biomaterial are a simple manipulation with it, a possibility to adjust its gadolinium content, long-term stability of its physico-chemical properties, as well as a reduced cost of neutron-capture experiment.

关键词： Liquid-Crystalline DNA Dispersions Cholesterics Circular Dichroism Spectrum Gadolinium neutron-capture Therapy

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