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Review of ionospheric irregularities and ionospheric electrodynamic coupling in the middle latitude region

Earth and Planetary Physics 2021年第5期5卷 462-482页

作者： Yi Liu Chen Zhou Tong Xu Qiong Tang ZhongXin Deng GuanYi Chen ZhuangKai Wang Department of Space Physics School of Electronic InformationWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment China Research Institute of Radiowave PropagationQingdao 266107China

This paper briefly reviews ionospheric irregularities that occur in the E and F regions at mid-latitudes. Sporadic E(ES) is a common ionospheric irregularity phenomenon that is first noticed in the E layer. ES mainly appears during daytime in summer hemispheres, and is formed primarily from neutral wind shear in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere(MLT) region. Field-aligned irregularity(FAI) in the E region is also observed by Very High Frequency(VHF) radar in mid-latitude regions. FAI frequently occurs after sunset in summer hemispheres, and spectrum features of E region FAI echoes suggest that type-2 irregularity is dominant in the nighttime ionosphere. A close relationship between ES and E region FAI implies that ES may be a possible source of E region FAI in the nighttime ionosphere. Strong neutral wind shear, steep ES plasma density gradient, and a polarized electric field are the significant factors affecting the formation of E region FAI. At mid-latitudes, joint observational experiments including ionosonde, VHF radar, Global Positioning System(GPS) stations, and all-sky optical images have revealed strong connections across different scales of ionospheric irregularities in the nighttime F region, such as spread F(SF), medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances(MSTID), and F region *** suggest that different scales of ionospheric irregularities are generally attributed to the Perkins instability and subsequently excited gradient drift instability. Nighttime MSTID can further evolve into small-scale structures through a nonlinear cascade process when a steep plasma density gradient exists at the bottom of the F region. In addition, the effect of ionospheric electrodynamic coupling processes, including ionospheric E-F coupling and inter-hemispheric coupling on the generation of ionospheric irregularities, becomes more prominent due to the significant dip angle and equipotentiality of magnetic field lines in the mid-latitude ionosphere. Polar

关键词： ionospheric irregularity plasma instability neutral wind polarized electric field ionospheric electrodynamic coupling

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Analysis of the ionospheric anomaly at Great Wall Station,Antarctica

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Chinese Journal of Polar Science 1994年第2期5卷 53-57页

作者：甄卫民曹冲吴健

In this paper, we use an empirical method to derive the height of maximum electron concentration of the F2 region and the effective meridional neutral wind at Great Wall Station, Antarctica. The meridional wind is also calculated with the HWM90 model. Results can be used to explain two anomaly features of ionosphere at Great Wall Station. In summer, peak values of f0F2 appear during nighttime. In winter, especially during June and July, f0F2 decrease dramatically as compared with summer's *** anomaly can be explained by combining effects of two causes:thermospheric winds and solar radiation. An important reason for the anomaly is the location of Great Wall Station, which is in both high geographic latitude and middle geomagnetic latitude.

关键词： neutral wind critical frequency summer anomaly

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