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neural regeneration Research 2014年第23期9卷 2066-2073页

作者： Xiangyu Kong Wei Kong Guangxin Miao Shumin Zhao Meng Chen Xiaoying Zheng Jiangtao Bai Laboratory of Spinal Cord Injury and Rehabilitation Chengde Medical College

Previous experimental studies have shown that cerebral infarction can be effectively reduced following treatment with scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid （SSTF）. However, the mechanism of action of SSTF as a preventive drug to treat cerebral infarction remains unclear. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with 50, 100, 200 mg/kg SSTF via intragastric ad- ministration for 1 week prior to the establishment of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The results showed that pretreatment with SSTF effectively improved neurological function, reduced brain water content and the permeability of blood vessels, ameliorated ischemia-induced morphology changes in hippocampal microvessels, down-regulated Fas and FasL protein expression, elevated the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased malondialdehyde content. In contrast to low-dose SSTF pretreatment, the above changes were most obvious after pretreatment with moderateand high-doses of SSTF. Experimental findings indicate that SSTF pretreatment can exert protective effects on the brain against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The underlying mechanisms may involve reducing brain water content, increasing microvascular recanalization, inhibiting the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, and attenuating free radical damage.

关键词： nerve regeneration scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid pretreatment cerebral ischemia/reperfusion hippocampus apoptosis vascular permeability free radicals neural regeneration

Traumatic brain injury and palliative care:a retrospective analysis of 49 patients receiving palliative care during 2013–2016 in Turkey

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neural regeneration Research 2017年第1期12卷 77-83页

作者： Kadriye Kahveci Metin Din?er Cihan Doger Ayse Karhan Yarici Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Ankara Ulus State HospitalAnkaraTurkey Health Institutions Management Yildlrum Beyazit UniversityFaculty of Health SciencesAnkaraTurkey Ankara Ulus State Hospital AnkaraTurkey Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Ankara Ataturk Training and Research HospitalAnkaraTurkey

Traumatic brain injury（TBI）,which is seen more in young adults,affects both patients and their *** need for palliative care in TBI and the limits of the care requirement are not *** aim of this study was to investigate the length of stay in the palliative care center（PCC）,Turkey,the status of patients at discharge,and the need for palliative care in patients with *** medical records of 49 patients with TBI receiving palliative care in PCC during 2013–2016 were retrospectively collected,including age and gender of patients,the length of stay in PCC,the cause of TBI,diagnosis,Glasgow Coma Scale score,Glas gow Outcome Scale score,Karnofsky Performance Status score,mobilization status,nutrition route（oral,percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy）,pressure ulcers,and discharge *** patients were aged 45.4 ± 20.2 *** median length of stay in the PCC was 34.0 *** included TBI patients had a Glasg ow Coma Scale score ≤ 8,were not mobilized,received tracheostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy nutrition,and had pressure *** difference was found between those who were discharged to their home or other places（rehabilitation centre,intensive care unit and death） in respect of mobilization,percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy,tracheostomy and pressure *** patients who were followed up in PCC were determined to be relatively young patients（45.4 ± 20.2 years） with mobilization and nutrition problems and pressure ulcer *** TBI patients have complex health conditions that require palliative care from the time of admittance to intensive care unit,provision of palliative care services should be integrated with clinical applications.

关键词： nerve regeneration trauma palliative care brain injury retrospective study neural regeneration

Delayed xenon post-conditioning mitigates spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits by regulating microglial activation and inflammatory factors

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neural regeneration Research 2018年第3期13卷 510-517页

作者： Yan-wei Yang Yun-lu Wang Jia-kai Lu Lei Tian Mu Jin Wei-ping Cheng Department of Anesthesiology Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases Beijing China

The neuroprotective effect against spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats exerted by delayed xenon post-conditioning is stronger than that produced by immediate xenon post-conditioning. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Activated microglia are the main inflammatory cell type in the nervous system. The release of pro-inflammatory factors following microglial activation can lead to spinal cord damage, and inhibition of microglial activation can relieve spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury. To investigate how xenon regulates microglial activation and the release of inflammatory factors, a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced by balloon occlusion of the infrarenal aorta. After establishment of the model, two interventions were given：（1） immediate xenon post-conditioning—after reperfusion, inhalation of 50% xenon for 1 hour, 50% N2/50%O2 for 2 hours; （2） delayed xenon post-conditioning—after reperfusion, inhalation of 50% N2/50%O2 for 2 hours, 50% xenon for 1 hour. At 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after reperfusion, hindlimb locomotor function was scored using the Jacobs locomotor scale. At 72 hours after reperfusion, interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 levels in the spinal cord of each group were measured using western blot assays. Iba1 levels were determined using immunohistochemistry and a western blot assay. The number of normal neurons at the injury site was quantified using hematoxylin-eosin staining. At 72 hours after reperfusion, delayed xenon post-conditioning remarkably enhanced hindlimb motor function, increased the number of normal neurons at the injury site, decreased Iba1 levels, and inhibited interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels in the spinal *** xenon post-conditioning did not noticeably affect the above-mentioned indexes. These findings indicate that delayed xenon post-conditioning after spinal cord injury improves the recovery of neurological function by reducing microglial

关键词： nerve regeneration spinal cord injury xenon immediate post-conditioning delayed post-conditioning ischemia/reperfusion microglia interleukin-6 interleukin-10 ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 inflammatory reaction neural regeneration

Analysis of hippocampal gene expression profile of Alzheimer's disease model rats using genome chip bioinformatics

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neural regeneration Research 2012年第5期7卷 332-340页

作者： Yinghong Li Zhengzhi Wu Yu Jin Anmin Wu Meiqun Cao Kehuan Sun Xiuqin Jia Manyin Chen First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University/Second People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City Shenzhen 518035 Guangdong Province China Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University/Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics Shenzhen 518020 Guangdong Province China

In this study, an Alzheimer＇s disease model was established in rats through stereotactic injection of condensed amyloid beta 1-40 into the bilateral hippocampus, and the changes of gene expression profile in the hippocampus of rat models and sham-operated rats were compared by genome expression profiling analysis. Results showed that the expression of 50 genes was significantly up-regulated （fold change 〉 2）, while 21 genes were significantly down-regulated in the hippocampus of Alzheimer＇s disease model rats （fold change 〈 0.5） compared with the sham-operation group. The differentially expressed genes are involved in many functions, such as brain nerve system development, neuronal differentiation and functional regulation, cellular growth, differentiation and apoptosis, synaptogenesis and plasticity, inflammatory and immune responses, ion channels/transporters, signal transduction, cell material/energy metabolism. Our findings indicate that several genes were abnormally expressed in the metabolic and signal transduction pathways in the hippocampus of amyloid beta 1 40-induced rat model of Alzheimer＇s disease, thereby affecting the hippocampal and brain functions.

关键词： amyloid beta 1-40 Alzheimer's disease hippocampus genome chip gene expression profile neural regeneration

The calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor KN-93 protects rat cerebral cortical neurons from N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-induced injury

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neural regeneration Research 2013年第2期8卷 111-120页

作者： Xuewen Liu Cui Ma Ruixian Xing Weiwei Zhang Buxian Tian Xidong Li Qiushi Li Yanhui Zhang Department of Neurology First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College Liaoning Medical College Jinzhou Kangning Hospital

In this study, primary cultured cerebral cortical neurons of Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were treated with 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 μM calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor KN-93 after 50 μM N-methyI-D-aspartic acid-induced injury. Results showed that, compared with N-methyi-D- aspartic acid-induced injury neurons, the activity of cells markedly increased, apoptosis was significantly reduced, leakage of lactate dehydrogenase decreased, and intracellular Ca2＋ concentrations in neurons reduced after KN-93 treatment. The expression of caspase-3, phosphorylated calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and total calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II protein decreased after KN-93 treatment. And the effect was apparent at a dose of 1.0 pM KN-93. Experimental findings suggest that KN-93 can induce a dose-dependent neuroprotective effect, and that the underlying mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of caspase-3 and calmodulin- dependent protein kinase II expression.

关键词： neural regeneration brain injury calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II KN-93 N-methyi-D-aspartic acid caspase-3 calcium ion apoptosis neuroprotection grant-supported paper photographs-containing paper neuroregeneration

Bibliometric profile of neurogenic bladder in the literature:a 20-year bibliometric analysis

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neural regeneration Research 2015年第5期10卷 797-803页

作者： Yuan Gao Bo Qu Yan Shen Xiao-jing Su Xiao-yan Dong Xue-mei Chen Yu-hong Zhou Hong-ying Pi Department of Orthopedics Chinese PLA General Hospital Department of Surgery Chinese PLA General Hospital Department of Nursing Chinese PLA General Hospital

Neurogenic bladder is a dysfunction of the lower urinary tract caused by nervous system disor- der. We investigated the trends in publication of articles under the topic ＂neurogenic bladder＂ using bibliometric analysis. Articles on neurogenic bladder, published between 1995 and 2014, were retrieved from the ISI Web of Science citation database. We analyzed the search results for authors, countries, institutions, journals, and top-cited papers. A total of 1,904 articles were re- trieved. There was a small increase in the number of articles on neurogenic bladder from 1995 （n = 43） to 2014 （n = 117）. The USA was the leading country in the total number of articles （n = 598）. However, the number of publications from China has rapidly increased, and China was ranked second in 2014. Emmanuel Chartier-Kastler （n = 65） was the most productive author, and University of Paris VI （Paris 6）（n = 61） was the most productive institution. The Journal of Urology published the greatest number of artides on this topic （n = 285）. Articles on neurogenic bladder were often published in a professional journal under the category Urology ＆ Nephrology, Neurosciences ＆ Neurology, or Rehabilitation. Visualization analysis based on co-citation networks was conducted using CiteSpace III. Visualization analysis revealed that the hot spots in neurogenic bladder were botulinum toxin-A, prazosin, bethanechol, and afferent pathways. These findings provide new insight into the publication trends and hot spots in neurogenic bladder.

关键词： nerve regeneration neurogenic bladder bibliometric analysis Web of Science database visualization analysis CiteSpace III citation analysis neural regeneration

Disability management and rehabilitation for persons with multiple sclerosis

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neural regeneration Research 2010年第4期5卷 301-309页

作者： Fary Khan Orla Gray Department of Medicine University of MelbourneParkville Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville

Multiple sclerosis is the commonest cause of chronic neurological disability in young adults. Patients typically have a normal life span, though with accrued time multiple disabilities with a significant impact on quality of life. This article presents the current literature on symptomatic treatment and rehabilitation for persons with multiple sclerosis. A comprehensive multidisciplinary approach addresses the acute, intermediate and long-term medical, psychological and social issues faced by these individuals. Prevention of medical complications, maintenance and restoration of functional independence, addressing psychosocial factors and issues relating to quality of life are integral to the rehabilitation processes.

关键词： multiple sclerosis disability management rehabilitation multidisciplinary effectiveness literature review neurodegenerative disease neural regeneration

The synthetic thyroid hormone, levothyroxine, protects cholinergic neurons in the hippocampus of naturally aged mice

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neural regeneration Research 2014年第8期9卷 864-871页

作者： Ailing Fu Rumei Zhou Xingran Xu School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University

The thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine and thyroxine, play important roles in cognitive func- tion during the mammalian lifespan. However, thyroid hormones have not yet been used as a therapeutic agent for normal age-related cognitive deficits. In this study, CD-1 mice （aged 24 months） were intraperitoneally injected with levothyroxine （L-T4; 1.6 gg/kg per day） for 3 consecutive months. Our findings revealed a significant improvement in hippocampal cyto- skeletal rearrangement of actin and an increase in serum hormone levels of L-T4-treated aged mice. Furthermore, the survival rate of these mice was dramatically increased from 60% to 93.3%. The Morris water maze task indicated that L-T4 restored impaired spatial memory in aged mice. Furthermore, level of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholine, and superoxide dismutase were in- creased in these mice, thus suggesting that a possible mechanism by which L-T4 reversed cognitive impairment was caused by increased activity of these markers. Overall, supplement of low-dosage L-T4 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for normal age-related cognitive deficits.

关键词： nerve regeneration brain injury hippocampus cholinergic neurons levothyroxine aging learning and memory survival rate cognitive disorder NSFC grant neural regeneration

Fermented Chinese formula Shuan-Tong-Ling attenuates ischemic stroke by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis

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neural regeneration Research 2017年第3期12卷 425-432页

作者： Zhi-gang Mei Ling-jing Tan Jin-feng Wang Xiao-li Li Wei-feng Huang Hua-jun Zhou Tbird-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Medical College of China Three Gorges UniversityYichangHubei ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases Translational Medicine China Three Gorges UniversityYichangHubei ProvinceChina Institute of Neurology the First College of Clinical Medical SciencesChina Three Gorges UniversityYichangHubei ProvinceChina

The fermented Chinese formula Shuan-Tong-Ling is composed of radix puerariae（Gegen）,salvia miltiorrhiza（Danshen）,radix curcuma（Jianghuang）,hawthorn（Shanzha）,salvia chinensis（Shijianchuan）,sinapis alba（Baijiezi）,astragalus（Huangqi）,panax japonicas（Zhujieshen）,atractylodes macrocephala koidz（Baizhu）,radix paeoniae alba（Baishao）,bupleurum（Chaihu）,chrysanthemum（Juhua）,rhizoma cyperi（Xiangfu） and gastrodin（Tianma）,whose aqueous extract was fermented with lactobacillus,bacillus aceticus and ***-Ling is a formula used to treat brain diseases including ischemic stroke,migraine,and vascular ***-Tong-Ling attenuated H_2O_2-induced oxidative stress in rat microvascular endothelial ***,the potential mechanism involved in these effects is poorly *** were intragastrically treated with 5.7 or 17.2 m L/kg Shuan-Tong-Ling for 7 days before middle cerebral artery occlusion was *** results indicated Shuan-Tong-Ling had a cerebral protective effect by reducing infarct volume and increasing neurological ***-Tong-Ling also decreased tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels in the hippocampus on the ischemic *** addition,Shuan-Tong-Ling upregulated the expression of SIRT1 and Bcl-2 and downregulated the expression of acetylated-protein 53 and *** of 5 mg/kg silent information regulator 1（SIRT1） inhibitor EX527 into the subarachnoid space once every 2 days,four times,reversed the above *** results demonstrate that Shuan-Tong-Ling might benefit cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation and apoptosis through activation of the SIRT1 signaling pathway.

关键词： nerve regeneration traditional Chinese medicine ferment Shuan-Tong-Ling middle cerebral artery occlusion cerebral ischemia/reperfusion silent information regulator 1 inflammation apoptosis tumor necrosis factor-alpha interleukin-1 beta Bcl-2 Bax acetylated-protein 53 neural regeneration

Repetitive magnetic stimulation affects the microenvironment of nerve regeneration and evoked potentials after spinal cord injury

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neural regeneration Research 2016年第5期11卷 816-822页

作者： Jin-lan Jiang Xu-dong Guo Shu-quan Zhang Xin-gang Wang Shi-feng Wu Scientific Research Center China-Japan Union Hospital Jilin University Department of Orthopedics China-Japan Union Hospital Jilin University Department of Cardiovascular Medicine China-Japan Union Hospital Jilin University Department of Orthopedics Tianjin Nankai Hospital Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery China-Japan Union Hospital Jilin University

Repetitive magnetic stimulation has been shown to alter local blood flow of the brain, excite the corticospinal tract and muscle, and induce motor function recovery. We established a rat model of acute spinal cord injury using the modified Allen＇s method. After 4 hours of injury, rat models received repetitive magnetic stimulation, with a stimulus intensity of 35% maximum output intensity, 5-Hz frequency, 5 seconds for each sequence, and an interval of 2 minutes. This was repeated for a total of 10 sequences, once a day, 5 days in a week, for 2 consecutive weeks. After repetitive magnetic stimulation, the number of apoptotic cells decreased, matrix metalloproteinase 9/2 gene and protein expression decreased, nestin expression increased, somatosensory and motor-evoked potentials recovered, and motor function recovered in the injured spinal cord. These findings confirm that repetitive magnetic stimulation of the spinal cord improved the microenvironment of neural regeneration, reduced neuronal apoptosis, and induced neuroprotective and repair effects on the injured spinal cord.

关键词： nerve regeneration spinal cord injury repetitive magnetic stimulation motor function rats rehabilitation plasticity regenerative microenvironment neural regeneration