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Native intelligence for 6G mobile network: technical challenges,architecture and key features

The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2022年第1期29卷 27-40页

作者： Liu Guangyi Deng Juan Zheng Qingbi Li Gang Sun Xin Huang Yuhong Future Research Lab China Mobile Research InstituteBeijing 100032China

The application of the artificial intelligence(AI) technology in the 5 th generation mobile communication system(5 G) networks promotes the development of the mobile communication network and its application in vertical industries, however, the application models of "patching" and "plug-in" have hindered the effect of AI applications. Meanwhile, the application of AI in all walks of life puts forward requirements for new capabilities of the future network, such as distributed training, real-time collaborative inference, local data processing, etc., which require "native intelligence design" in future networks. This paper discusses the requirements of native intelligence in the 6 th generation mobile communication system(6 G) networks from the perspectives of 5 G intelligent network challenges and the "ubiquitous intelligence" vision of 6 G, and analyzes the technical challenges of the AI workflows in its lifecycle and the AI as a service(AIaaS) in cloud network. The progress and deficiencies of the current research on AI functional architecture in various industry organizations are summarized. The end-to-end functional architecture for native AI for 6 G network and its three key technical characteristics are proposed: quality of AI services(QoAIS) based AI service orchestration for its full lifecycle, deep integration of native AI computing and communication, and integration of native AI and digital twin network. The directions of future research are also prospected.

关键词： the 5th generation mobile communication system the 6th generation mobile communication system artificial intelligence native intelligence network intelligence network architecture mobile communication

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Space-Air-Ground Integrated network (SAGIN) for 6G: Requirements, architecture and Challenges

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China Communications 2022年第2期19卷 90-108页

作者： Huanxi Cui Jun Zhang Yuhui Geng Zhenyu Xiao Tao Sun Ning Zhang Jiajia Liu Qihui Wu Xianbin Cao School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Network-Based Cooperative Air application ManagementBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China China Mobile Research Institute Beijing 100053China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WindsorONCanadaN9B 3P4 National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology the School of CybersecurityNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anShaanxi710072China College of Electronics and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210007China

As the fifth-generation(5G)mobile communication network may not meet the requirements of emerging technologies and applications,including ubiquitous coverage,industrial internet of things(IIoT),ubiquitous artificial intelligence(AI),digital twins(DT),etc.,this paper aims to explore a novel space-air-ground integrated network(SAGIN)architecture to support these new requirements for the sixth-generation(6G)mobile communication network in a flexible,low-latency and efficient ***,we first review the evolution of the mobile communication network,followed by the application and technology requirements of *** the current 5G non-terrestrial network(NTN)architecture in supporting the new requirements is deeply *** that,we proposes a new flexible,low-latency and flat SAGIN architecture,and presents corresponding use ***,the future research directions are discussed.

关键词： 6G AI DT SAGIN NTN network architecture

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A Review on the architecture of Software Defined network

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2018年第6期27卷 1111-1117页

作者： LIN Chuang HU Jie LI Guoliang CUI Laizhong College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University

Software defined network(SDN) is a promising network architecture which can simplify network management, ease deployment of network applications, and enable independent evolution of control plane and data plane. However, the separation of control plane and data plane intensifies performance concerns. In this paper, we review the performance of SDN from the perspective of I Ching which has a history of more than two and half millennia of commentary and interpretation, and provides inspiration to the worlds of business, military and religion. We utilize I Ching to model and abstract the architecture of SDN, and discuss the architecture and performance of SDN based on the statements of I Ching. Then we study current works and researches on the performance and architecture of SDN, and discuss the promising directions to the development and evolvement of SDN. Finally,we study common control functions in SDN and the deployment of SDN in different networking settings.

关键词： Software defined networking(SDN) network architecture I Ching

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Defects Recognition of Train Wheelset Tread Based on Improved Spiking Neural network

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2023年第5期32卷 941-954页

作者： ZHANG Changfan HUANG Congcong HE Jing College of Railway Transportation Hunan University of Technology

Surface defect recognition of train wheel-set is crucial for the safe operation of the train wheel system. However, due to the diversity and complexity of such defects, it is difficult for existing algorithms to make rapid and accurate recognitions. To solve this problem, an improved spiking neural network(SNN) based defect recognition method for train wheelset tread is ***, a hybrid convolutional encoding module is first designed to conduct image-to-spike conversion and to create multi-scale sparse representations of the ***, a residual spiking convolutional neural network is implemented to extract spiking features optimally, and a multi-scale structure is adopted to enhance the SNN’s ability to handle details. A channel attention module is then incorporated to re-calibrate the weights of four-dimensional spiking feature maps. Finally, effective spiking features are obtained according to the recognition decisions which are made. The experimental results showed that the proposed method improved the accuracy of defect recognition. The recognition time of a single image is only 0.0195 s on average. The overall performance of the proposed method is noticeably superior to current mainstream algorithms.

关键词： Convolution Target recognition Neural networks Noise reduction Wheels network architecture Feature extraction

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A Hybrid Entropy and Blockchain Approach for network Security Defense in SDN-Based IIoT

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2023年第3期32卷 531-541页

作者： SU Jian JIANG Mengnan School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

In the industrial Internet of things(IIoT), various applications generate a large number of interactions and are vulnerable to various attacks, which are difficult to be monitored in a sophisticated way by traditional network architectures. Therefore, deploying software-defined network(SDN) in IIoT is essential to defend against various attacks. However, SDN has a drawback: there is a security problem of distributed denial-ofservice(DDoS) attacks at the control layer. This paper proposes an effective solution: DDoS detection within the domain using tri-entropy in information theory. The detected attacks are then uploaded to a smart contract in the blockchain, so that the attacks can be quickly cut off even if the same attack occurs in different domains. Experimental validation was conducted under different attack strengths and multiple identical attacks, and the results show that the method has better detection ability under different attack strengths and can quickly block the same attacks.

关键词： Smart contracts network security network architecture Denial-of-service attack Entropy Blockchains Software defined networking

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A comparison of deep learning methods for seismic impedance inversion

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Petroleum Science 2022年第3期19卷 1019-1030页

作者： Si-Bo Zhang Hong-Jie Si Xin-Ming Wu Shang-Sheng Yan Huawei Cloud EI Product Department Xi'anShaanxi710077China School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China

Deep learning is widely used for seismic impedance inversion,but few work provides in-depth research and analysis on designing the architectures of deep neural networks and choosing the network *** paper is dedicated to comprehensively studying on the significant aspects of deep neural networks that affect the inversion *** experimentally reveal how network hyperparameters and architectures affect the inversion performance,and develop a series of methods which are proven to be effective in reconstructing high-frequency information in the estimated impedance *** demonstrate that the proposed multi-scale architecture is helpful to reconstruct more high-frequency details than a conventional ***,the reconstruction of high-frequency information can be further promoted by introducing a perceptual loss and a generative adversarial network from the computer vision *** importantly,the experimental results provide valuable references for designing proper network architectures in the seismic inversion problem.

关键词： Seismic inversion Impedance Deep learning network architecture

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architecture for Cellular Enabled Integrated Communication and Sensing Services

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中国通信:英文版 2023年第9期20卷 59-77页

作者： Bo Liu Qixun Zhang Zheng Jiang Dongsheng Xue Chenlong Xu Bowen Wang Xiaoming She Jinlin Peng School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China China Telecom Corporation Limited Beijing Research Institute Beijing 102209China Artificial Intelligence Research Center National Innovation Institute of Defense TechnologyBeijingChina

There is growing interest in the integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)to extend the 5G+/6G network capabilities by introducing sensing *** the solutions for mono-static or bi-static ISAC have shown feasibility and benefits based on existing 5G physical layer design,whether and how to coordinate multiple ISAC devices to better exert networking performance are rarely discussed.3 rd Partnership Project(3GPP)has initiated the ISAC use cases study,and the follow-up studies for network architecture could be *** this article,we focus on gNB-based sensing mode and propose ISAC functional framework with given of highlevel service procedures to enable cellular based ISAC *** the proposed ISAC framework,three types of network functions for sensing service as Sensing Function(SF),lightweight-Edge Sensing Function(ESF)and full-version-ESF are designed with interaction with network nodes to fulfill the latency requirements of ISAC use ***,with simulation evaluations and hardware testbed results,we further verify the performance benefit and feasibility to enable ISAC in 5G for the gNB-based sensing mode with new design on SF and related signaling protocols.

关键词： integrated sensing and communication(ISAC) network architecture 5G system

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Cybertwin Based Cloud Native networks

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Journal of Communications and Information networks 2023年第3期8卷 187-202页

作者： Quan Yu Dandan Liang Meng Qin Jiacheng Chen Haibo Zhou Jing Ren Ying Li Jun Wu Yue Gao Wei Zhang Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518055China School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008China School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611730China School of Computer Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia

With the emerging applications of the Internet of things,artificial intelligence,and satellite communications,the future network will be featured as the Internet of everything around the *** network heterogeneity,applications cloudification,and personalized user services demand a revolutionary change in the network *** the rapid development of cloud native technology,the new network should support heterogeneous networks and personalized quality of services for *** this paper,we propose a Cybertwinbased cloud native network(CCNN)that merges the radio access network(RAN),the IP bearer network,and the data center network and is based on the cloud native data center network using Kubernetes as a network operating system for unified virtualization of computing,storage,and network resources,unified scheduling and allocation,and unified operation and ***,we propose a fully decoupled RAN architecture that can flexibly and efficiently utilize the resource for personlized user *** also propose a Cybertwin-based management framework built on Kubernetes for integrated networking,computing and storage resource ***,we design an immunology-inspired intrinsic security architecture with zero trust security system and adaptive defense *** proposed CCNN is a new network architecture expected to address future generation communications and networks challenges.

关键词： 6G network architecture Cybertwin cloud native network security

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Ultra Dense Satellite-Enabled 6G networks:Resource Optimization and Interference Management

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中国通信:英文版 2023年第10期20卷 262-275页

作者： Xiangnan Liu Haijun Zhang Min Sheng Wei Li Saba Al-Rubaye Keping Long School of Computer&Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Convergence networks and Ubiquitous Services University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China State Radio Monitoring Center of China Beijing 100037China School of Aerospace Transport and Manufacturing Cranfield UniversityMK430ALUK

With the evolution of the sixth generation(6G)mobile communication technology,ample attention has gone to the integrated terrestrial-satellite *** paper notes that four typical application scenarios of integrated terrestrial-satellite networks are integrated into ultra dense satellite-enabled 6G networks *** the subchannel and power allocation schemes for the downlink of the ultra dense satellite-enabled 6G heterogeneous networks are *** mobile edge computing(SMEC)with edge caching in three-layer heterogeneous networks serves to reduce the link traffic of ***,a scheme for interference management is presented,involving quality-of-service(QoS)and co-tier/cross-tier interference *** simulation results show that the proposed schemes can significantly increase the total capacity of ultra dense satellite-enabled 6G heterogeneous networks.

关键词： satellite-enabled 6G networks network architecture resource optimization interference management

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Time Efficient Joint Optimization Federated Learning over Wireless Communication networks

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China Communications 2022年第6期19卷 169-178页

作者： Junshuai Sun Yingying Wang Xin Sun Na Li Gaofeng Nie School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi’an 7100716China China Mobile Research Institute Beijing 100053China Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876China

Artificial intelligence(AI)has made a profound impact on our daily *** 6 th generation mobile networks(6G)should be designed to enable AI *** native intelligence is introduced as an important feature in 6G.6G native AI network is realized by the philosophy of federated learning(FL)to ensure data security and *** learning over wireless communication networks is treated as a potential solution to realize native ***,introducing FL in the 6G will lead to expansive communication cost and unstable FL convergence with unreliable air *** this paper,we propose a solution for FL over wireless networks and analyze the training *** make full use of the advantages of the proposed network,we introduce a communication-FL joint optimization(CFJO)algorithm by jointly considering the effects of uplink resource,energy consumption and latency *** derives a transmission strategy with resource allocation and retransmissions to reduce the wireless transmission interruption probability and model upload *** simulation results show that CFJO significantly improves the model training efficiency and convergence performance with lower interruption probability under the latency constraint.

关键词： 6G native AI FL network architecture resource allocation

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