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Geographical variation in nest defense among cinereous tit populations in China

Current Zoology 2023年第1期69卷 59-65页

作者： Chao Shen Dake Yin Jiangping Yu Li Zhang Zheng Han Longru Jin Wei Liang Haitao Wang Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics School of Life SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization School of Life SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology School of Life SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China

behavioral divergence among populations is common across taxonomic groups,still we know very little about anti-predator behaviors.Animal exposure to predation risk is variable in different ecological contexts.In addition,reproduction value of animals in different geographical regions usually varies.In this study,we tested whether cinereous tits Parus cinereus in different populations exhibited nest defense behaviors similar to those of nest or adult predators and whether their nest defense behaviors showed geographical variation.By using field dummy experiments,we observed tits’nest defense behavior in nest predator common chipmunk Tamias sibiricus and red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris,adult predator Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus and nonthreatening species Oriental turtle dove Streptopelia orientalis in the ZJ(44°N),DZ(31°N),and DLS(18°N)populations,respectively.The response scores varied significantly across the 4 dummies in ZJ-tits and DLS-tits but did not in DZ-tits.When facing the chipmunk,ZJ-tits showed the highest response score and DZ-tits showed the lowest response score.When facing the squirrel,ZJ-tits showed a higher response score than tits in the other 2 populations.However,tits among the 3 populations responded similarly to a sparrowhawk or dove with slight response behaviors.In addition,response scores to nest predators were positively correlated with brood size across the 3 populations,but no trend was found for sparrowhawks or doves.Our results indicated that the nest defense behaviors of cinereous tits have evolved in response to large-scale geographical variation in ecological contexts and reproduction value.

关键词： cinereous tit geographical variation nest defense behavior nest predation

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