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Lipid droplets in the nervous system:involvement in cell metabolic homeostasis

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 740-750页

作者： Yuchen Zhang Yiqing Chen Cheng Zhuang Jingxuan Qi Robert Chunhua Zhao Jiao Wang School of Life Sciences Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina School of Medicine Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy BeijingChina

Lipid droplets serve as primary storage organelles for neutral lipids in neurons,glial cells,and other cells in the nervous *** droplet formation begins with the synthesis of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic ***,lipid droplets were recognized for their role in maintaining lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis;however,recent research has shown that lipid droplets are highly adaptive organelles with diverse functions in the nervous *** addition to their role in regulating cell metabolism,lipid droplets play a protective role in various cellular stress ***,lipid droplets exhibit specific functions in neurons and glial *** of lipid droplet formation leads to cellular dysfunction,metabolic abnormalities,and nervous system *** review aims to provide an overview of the role of lipid droplets in the nervous system,covering topics such as biogenesis,cellular specificity,and ***,it will explore the association between lipid droplets and neurodegenerative *** the involvement of lipid droplets in cell metabolic homeostasis related to the nervous system is crucial to determine the underlying causes and in exploring potential therapeutic approaches for these diseases.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease lipid droplet biogenesis lipid droplets lipid metabolism nervous system neurodegenerative disorders oxidative stress Parkinson's disease

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Selenium and human nervous system

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第7期34卷 11-16页

作者： Wenqiang Ding Shuang Wang Jiaxiang Gu Lei Yu Institute of Translational Medicine Medical CollegeYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001China Department of Hand and Foot Clinical Medical CollegeYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225002China

Selenium plays various biological functions in the form of selenoprotein in human body. Brain is one of the most abundant organs of selenoprotein, which plays an important role in maintaining brain redox homeostasis, signal transduction pathway regulation and neuroimmune regulation. Yet, nano-selenium have attracted much attention for their high bioavailability and low toxicity. Nano-selenium are of great application potential in field of biomedical nervous system. Recently, investigation on selenoprotein and nano-selenium has gradually become a new hotspot for the important functions of selenium in human nervous system. In this article, we wish to review recent progresses and give a perspective.

关键词： Selenium nervous system Selenoprotein Nano-selenium Plumbism Brain function

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Expression of Mammalian BM88/CEND1 in Drosophila Affects nervous system Development by Interfering with Precursor Cell Formation

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第6期35卷 979-995页

作者： Athanasios Tzortzopoulos Dimitra Thomaidou Maria Gaitanou Rebecca Matsas Efthimios Skoulakis Department of Clinical Biochemistry Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital11527 AthensGreece Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Hellenic Pasteur Institute11521 AthensGreece "Alexander Fleming"Biomedical Sciences Research Centre 16672 AthensGreece

We used Drosophila melanogaster as an experimental model to express mouse and pig BM88/CEND1(cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation 1) in order to investigate its potential functional effects on Drosophila neurogenesis. BM88/CEND1 is a neuron-specific protein whose function is implicated in triggering cells to exit from the cell cycle and differentiate towards a neuronal phenotype. Transgenic flies expressing either mouse or pig BM88/CEND1 in the nervous system had severe neuronal phenotypes with variable expressivity at various stages of embryonic development. In early embryonic stage 10,BM88/CEND1 expression led to an increase in the neuralspecific antigenicity of neuroectoderm at the expense of precursor cells [neuroblasts(Nbs) and ganglion mother cells(GMCs)] including the defective formation and differentiation of the MP2 precursors, whereas at later stages(12–15), protein accumulation induced gross morphological defects primarily in the CNS accompanied by a reduction of Nb and GMC markers. Furthermore, the neuronal precursor cells of embryos expressing BM88/CEND1 failed to carry out proper cell-cycle progression as revealed by the disorganized expression patterns of specific cell-cycle markers. BM88/CEND1 accumulation in the Drosophila eye affected normal eye disc development by disrupting the ommatidia. Finally, we demonstrated that expression of BM88/CEND1 modified/reduced the levels of activated MAP kinase indicating a functional effect of BM88/CEND1 on the MAPK signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that the expression of mammalian BM88/CEND1 in Drosophila exerts specific functional effects associated with neuronal precursor cell formation during embryonic neurogenesis and proper eye disc *** study also validates the use of Drosophila as a powerful model system in which to investigate gene function and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

关键词： Drosophila Neurogenesis BM88/CEND1 nervous system Protein function

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Distribution of growth hormone-like immunoreactive cells and somatostatin receptors in the nervous system and Hatschek's pit of amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第4期16卷 359-365页

作者： FANG Yongqiang and WENG Youzhu Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, China Third Institute of Oceanography SOA Xiamen 361005 China

Using immunohistochemical method and double staining technique, the localization of growth hormone (GH) and somatostatin receptors in the nervous system and Hatschek’s pit of amphioxus has been investigated. The results showed that the growth hormone-like nerve cells and endocrine cells as well as three subtypes of somatostatin receptors exist in the nervous system and Hatschek s pit, and GH-like nerve cells and endocrine cells co-exist with three subtypes of somatostatin receptors in the brain vesicle and Hatschek s pit. It is suggested that a primitive control system of inhibitory growth hormone secretion in Hatschek s pit could have been developed in amphioxus, as in vertebrates. The present study provides new evidence for the endocrinology and the evolution of Hatschek’s pit.

关键词： amphioxus nervous system Hatschek’s pit growth hormone-like cell somatostatin receptor.

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The role of crm-1 in ionizing radiation-induced nervous system dysfunction in Caenorhabditis elegans

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1386-1392页

作者： Hui-Qiang Long Jin Gao Shu-Qing He Jian-Fang Han Yu Tu Na Chen Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University SuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection School of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions SuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina

Ionizing radiation can cause changes in nervous system ***,the underlying mechanism remains *** this study,Coenorhabditis elegans(***)was irradiated with 75 Gy of ^(60)Co whole-body γ *** indicators(head thrashes,touch avoidance,and foraging),and the development of dopaminergic neurons related to behavioral function,were evaluated to assess the effects of ionizing radiation on nervous system function in *** behaviors were impaired after whole-body irradiation and degeneration of dopamine neurons was *** suggests that 75 Gy of γ radiation is sufficient to induce nervous system *** genes nhr-76 and crm-1,which are reported to be related to nervous system function in human and mouse,were screened by transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis after irradiation or sham *** expression levels of these two genes were increased after ***,RNAi technology was used to inhibit the expression of crm-1,a gene whose homologs are associated with motor neuron development in other *** of crm-1 expression effectively alleviated the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation on head thrashes and touch *** was also found that the expression level of crm-1 was regulated by the nuclear receptor gene *** results of this study suggest that knocking down the expression level of nhr-76 can reduce the expression level of crm-1,while down-regulating the expression level of crm-1 can alleviate behavioral disorders induced by ionizing ***,inhibition of crm-1 may be of interest as a potential therapeutic target for ionizing radiation-induced neurological dysfunction.

关键词： behavior Caenorhabditis elegans degeneration disorder dysfunction nerve injury nervous system neurodevelopment neuron radiation

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Shotgun proteomic analysis of Bombyx mori brain： emphasis on regulation of behavior and development of the nervous system

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Insect Science 2016年第1期23卷 15-27页

作者： Guo-Bao Wang Qin Zheng Yun-Wang Shen Xiao-Feng Wu College of Animal Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

The insect brain plays crucial roles in the regulation of growth and develop- ment and in all types of behavior. We used sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography - electron spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （ESI-MS/MS） shotgun to identify the proteome of the silkworm brain, to investigate its protein composition and to understand their biological functions. A total of 2210 proteins with molecular weights in the range of 5.64-1539.82 kDa and isoelectric points in the range of 3.78-12.55 were identified. These proteins were anno- tated according to Gene Ontology Annotation into the categories of molecular function, biological process and cellular component. We characterized two categories of proteins： one includes behavior-related proteins involved in the regulation of behaviors, such as locomotion, reproduction and learning; the other consists of proteins related to the devel- opment or function of the nervous system. The identified proteins were classified into 283 different pathways according to KEGG analysis, including the PI3K-Akt signaling path- way which plays a crucial role in mediating survival signals in a wide range of neuronal cell types. This extensive protein profile provides a basis for further understanding of the physiological functions in the silkworm brain.

关键词： behavior Bombyx mori brain nervous system proteomics shotgun

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Single-cell multi-omics sequencing and its applications in studying the nervous system

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Biophysics Reports 2022年第3期8卷 136-149页

作者： Chaoyang Wang Xiaoying Fan Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory) The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University

Single-cell sequencing has become one of the most powerful and popular techniques in dissecting molecular heterogeneity and modeling the cellular architecture of a biological system. During the past twenty years, the throughput of single-cell sequencing has increased from hundreds of cells to over tens of thousands of cells in parallel. Moreover, this technology has been developed from sequencing transcriptome to measure different omics such as DNA methylome, chromatin accessibility, and so ***, multi-omics which can analyze different omics in the same cell is rapidly advancing. This work advances the study of many biosystems, including the nervous system. Here, we review current single-cell multi-omics sequencing techniques and describe how they improve our understanding of the nervous system. Finally, we discuss the open scientific questions in neural research that may be answered through further improvement of single-cell multi-omics sequencing technology.

关键词： nervous system Multi-omics Single-cell sequencing Cell heterogeneity

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Cytoskeletal changes in diseases of the nervous system

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Frontiers in Biology 2014年第1期9卷 5-17页

作者： Alexandra K. SUCHOWERSKA Thomas FATH Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit School of Medical Sciences University of New South Wales Randwick New South Wales 2052Australia

The neuronal cytoskeleton not only provides the structural backbone of neurons, but also plays a fundamental role in maintaining neuronal functions. Dysregulation of neuronal architecture is evident in both injury and diseases of the central nervous system. These changes often result in the disruption of protein trafficking, loss of synapses and the death of neurons, ultimately impacting on signal transmission and manifesting in the disease phenotype. Furthermore, mutations in cytoskeletal proteins have been implicated in numerous diseases and, in some cases, identified as the cause of the disease, highlighting the critical role of the cytoskeleton in disease pathology. This review focuses on the role of cytoskeletal proteins in the pathology of mental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and motor function deficits. In particular, we illustrate how cytoskeletal proteins can be directly linked to disease pathology and progression.

关键词： cytoskeleton actin microtubules intermediate filaments nervous system disease

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Development of the nervous system in mouse liver

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第2期14卷 386-399页

作者： Naoto Koike Tomomi Tadokoro Yasuharu Ueno Satoshi Okamoto Tatsuya Kobayashi Soichiro Murata Hideki Taniguchi Department of Surgery Seirei Sakura Citizen HospitalSakura 285-8765ChibaJapan Department of Regenerative Medicine Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004KanagawaJapan Division of Regenerative Medicine Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyo 108-8639Japan

BACKGROUND The role of the hepatic nervous system in liver development remains *** previously created functional human micro-hepatic tissue in mice by co-culturing human hepatic endodermal cells with endothelial and mesenchymal ***,they lacked Glisson’s sheath[the portal tract(PT)].The PT consists of branches of the hepatic artery(HA),portal vein,and intrahepatic bile duct(IHBD),collectively called the portal triad,together with autonomic *** To evaluate the development of the mouse hepatic nervous network in the PT using *** Liver samples from C57BL/6J mice were harvested at different developmental time periods,from embryonic day(E)10.5 to postnatal day(P)*** sections of the surface cut through the hepatic hilus were examined using protein gene product 9.5(PGP9.5)and cytokeratin 19(CK19)antibodies,markers of nerve fibers(NFs),and biliary epithelial cells(BECs),*** numbers of NFs and IHBDs were separately counted in a PT around the hepatic hilus(center)and the peripheral area(periphery)of the liver,comparing the average values between the center and the periphery at each developmental ***-IHBD and NF-HA contacts in a PT were counted,and their relationship was *** high mobility group-box gene 9(SOX9),another BEC marker;hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α(HNF4α),a marker of hepatocytes;and Jagged-1,a Notch ligand,were also immunostained to observe the PT *** HNF4αwas expressed in the nucleus,and Jagged-1 was diffusely positive in the primitive liver at E10.5;however,the PGP9.5 and CK19 were negative in the fetal ***9-positive cells were scattered in the periportal area in the liver at *** Jagged-1 was mainly expressed in the periportal tissue,and the number of SOX9-positive cells increased at ***9-positive cells constructed the ductal plate and primitive IHBDs mainly at the center,and SOX-9-positive IHBDs partly acquired CK19 positivity at the same perio

关键词： nervous system Liver Portal tract Hepatic artery Immunohistochemistry Tissue engineering

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Neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with the COVID-19 and its potential nervous system infection mechanism:the role of imaging in the study

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Psychoradiology 2021年第4期1卷 199-211页

作者： Yanyao Du Wei Zhao Lei Du Jun Liu Department of Radiology Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha 410011Hunan ProvinceChina Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province Changsha 410011HunanChina Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnati 45255OHUSA Department of Radiology Quality Control Center Hunan ProvinceChangsha 410011HunanChina

The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has broken the normal spread mode of respiratory viruses,namely,mainly spread in winter,resulting in over 230 million confirmed cases of *** studies have shown that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)can affect the nervous system by varying *** this review,we look at the acute neuropsychiatric impacts of COVID-19 patients,including acute ischemic stroke,encephalitis,acute necrotizing encephalopathy,dysosmia,and epilepsy,as well as the long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 survivors:mental disorder and neurodegenerative *** particular,this review discusses long-term changes in brain structure and function associated with COVID-19 *** believe that the traditional imaging sequences are important in the acute phase,while the nontraditional imaging sequences are more meaningful for the detection of long-term neuropsychiatric *** long-term follow-up changes in structure and function may also help us understand the causes of neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19 ***,we review previous studies and discuss some potential mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the nervous *** focus on neuropsychiatric sequelae and a comprehensive understanding of the long-term impacts of the virus to the nervous system is significant for formulating effective sequelae prevention andmanagement strategies,andmay provide important clues for nervous system damage in future public health crises.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 nervous system imaging sequences pathogenesis neuropsychiatric sequelae brain function alteration

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