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neoantigen cancer vaccines:a new star on the horizon

cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第4期21卷 274-311页

作者： Xiaoling Li Jian You Liping Hong Weijiang Liu Peng Guo Xishan Hao Cell Biotechnology Laboratory Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport HospitalTianjin 300308China National Clinical Research Center for cancer Tianjin 300060China Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300090China Department of Thoracic Oncology Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport HospitalTianjin 300308China Department of Thoracic Oncology Surgery Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute&HospitalTianjin 300060China Tianjin Medical University cancer Institute&Hospital Tianjin 300060China

Immunotherapy represents a promising strategy for cancer treatment that utilizes immune cells or drugs to activate the patient's own immune system and eliminate cancer cells.One of the most exciting advances within this field is the targeting of neoantigens,which are peptides derived from non-synonymous somatic mutations that are found exclusively within cancer cells and absent in normal cells.Although neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines have not received approval for standard cancer treatment,early clinical trials have yielded encouraging outcomes as standalone monotherapy or when combined with checkpoint inhibitors.Progress made in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics have greatly facilitated the precise and efficient identification of neoantigens.Consequently,personalized neoantigen-based vaccines tailored to each patient have been developed that are capable of eliciting a robust and long-lasting immune response which effectively eliminates tumors and prevents recurrences.This review provides a concise overview consolidating the latest clinical advances in neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines,and also discusses challenges and future perspectives for this innovative approach,particularly emphasizing the potential of neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines to enhance clinical efficacy against advanced solid tumors.

关键词： Immunotherapy neoantigen cancer vaccine solid tumors high-throughput sequencing bioinformatics PDOs AI HLA TCR

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