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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第7期30卷 1140-1154页

作者： YIN Le DAI Erfu ZHENG Du WANG Yahui MA Liang TONG Miao Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Mapping the human footprint(HF)makes it possible to quantify human influence,which has had an unprecedented impact on the global ecosystem.Using five categories of human pressure data,this study mapped the HF of the Hengduan Mountain region and assessed the effectiveness of nature reserves in reducing human impacts.The results showed that the HF of the Hengduan Mountain region was generally higher in the south and lower in the north.The HF increased by 11.24%over the past 25 years,with faster growth in the southeast.The HF growth rate in nature reserves was much lower than that across the region,which indicated that nature reserves played an important role in reducing the impact of human pressure.A study of Baimaxueshan nature reserve found that establishing nature reserves could effectively reduce the impact of human activities,and no"leakage"occurred.Population growth was an important reason for the increased HF in nature reserves.The development of ecotourism in nature reserves must be based on ecological protection.Strengthening the long-term monitoring,evaluation,and management of nature reserves is a basic requirement for their long-term development.

关键词： human influence human footprint nature reserves effectiveness

Determination of Main Design Indicators of Patrol Road in nature reserves

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Asian Agricultural Research 2023年第8期15卷 49-51页

作者： Hongbo LIU Shuangbei ZENG Southwest Survey and Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Kunming 650031China

In principle,nature reserves are managed and controlled according to the core area and the general control area.At present,there is no relevant design specification for the design system of patrol road in various protected areas.This paper analyzed the factors to be considered in determining the grade,horizontal and vertical design indicators,and cross section indicators of the patrol road in the protected area,and came up with the corresponding design indicators and parameters,so as to provide a certain reference for the subsequent patrol road design.

关键词： nature reserves Patrol road Design indicators Road design

Present conditions and prospects of the researches on nature reserves in China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2004年第Z1期14卷 79-86页

作者：郑朝贵朱诚 Department of Urban and Resources Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093 Department of Geography Chuzhou UniversityChuzhou 239012China

The construction of nature reserves in China is reviewed in this paper, mainly including the number, type, administration and distribution of nature reserves, the progress in research on biodiversity, evaluation, management, sustainable development of nature reserves in China is summarized briefly, and some development tendencies of research on nature reserves are put forward.

关键词： nature reserves sustainable development survey

Research Progress on the Theory of Delineation and Zoning of nature reserves in China and Discussion of Strategies

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2021年第6期10卷 84-89页

作者： Na ZHANG Jingbo ZHOU College of Architecture&Art Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China Department of Resources&Environment Anhui Vocational&Technical College of ForestryHefei 230031China

The construction of nature reserves plays an essential role in protecting natural resources and the ecological environment,especially the conservation of rare and endangered species,which also has a vital function in maintaining the ecological security of the national territory.China has built up a comprehensive network of nature reserves after waves of development,but there are still many problems with the management of nature reserves,such as the definition of boundaries,zoning theory,zoning methods,and legal protection.The definition of boundaries is a tool for effective management of nature reserves,but achieving scientific and effective boundary definition is a difficult problem for the construction and management of reserves.It is also a problem that must be solved to achieve sustainable development.This paper compared three fundamental theories of the conservation of species in nature reserves,namely island biogeography,metapopulation,and landscape ecology,from connotations,applications and advantages,and disadvantages,and discussed the progress of theoretical research to provide valuable references for the definition and planning of effective boundaries of nature reserves.

关键词： nature reserves Island biogeography Metapopulation Landscape ecology

Distribution and conservation of near threatened plants in China

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Plant Diversity 2023年第3期45卷 272-283页

作者： Qin Liu Tian-Tian Xue Xiao-Xia Zhang Xu-Dong Yang Fei Qin Wen-Di Zhang Lei Wu Rainer W.Bussmann Sheng-Xiang Yu State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China College of Forestry Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden Ilia State UniversityBotanical Str.1Tbilisi 0105Georgia Department of Botany State Museum for Natural History KarlsruheErbprinzenstraße 13Karlsruhe 76133Germany

Plants classified as Near Threatened(NT) are at high risk of becoming threatened because of anthropogenic interference and climate change.Especially in conservation efforts,such species have however long been overlooked.Here,we obtained 98,419 precise occurrence points for 2442 NT plants in China,and used species richness,species complementarity,and weighted endemism that consider all,endemic and narrow-ranged species in order to identify the diversity hotspots of NT plants.Then we evaluated the conservation effectiveness of current nature reserves for them.Our results indicate that the diversity hotspots of NT plants were mainly confined to southwestern and southern China,and only 35.87% of hotspots and 71.5% of species were protected by nature reserves.Numerous hotspots in southwestern China(e.g.,Sichuan,Yunnan,Guangxi,and Hainan) were identified as conservation gaps.Given that NT plants include large proportions of endemic and narrow-ranged species,they represent an important value in conservation priority.So,more conservation efforts in the future should be tilted towards NT plants.Additionally,when comparing with the recently updated NT list,there are already 87 species raised to threatened categories,while 328 species were lowered to least concern,56 species were now categorized as data deficient,and 119 species considered as uncertain due to changes of scientific names.It is essential to carry out a continuous assessment of species’ threatened categories to realize targeting conservation.

关键词： Conservation Distribution patterns Diversity hotspots nature reserves Red list Near threatened species

Image recognition and empirical application of desert plant species based on convolutional neural network

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第12期14卷 1440-1455页

作者： LI Jicai SUN Shiding JIANG Haoran TIAN Yingjie XU Xiaoliang School of Economics and Management University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Research Center on Fictitious Economy and Data Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China

In recent years,deep convolution neural network has exhibited excellent performance in computer vision and has a far-reaching impact.Traditional plant taxonomic identification requires high expertise,which is time-consuming.Most nature reserves have problems such as incomplete species surveys,inaccurate taxonomic identification,and untimely updating of status data.Simple and accurate recognition of plant images can be achieved by applying convolutional neural network technology to explore the best network model.Taking 24 typical desert plant species that are widely distributed in the nature reserves in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China as the research objects,this study established an image database and select the optimal network model for the image recognition of desert plant species to provide decision support for fine management in the nature reserves in Xinjiang,such as species investigation and monitoring,by using deep learning.Since desert plant species were not included in the public dataset,the images used in this study were mainly obtained through field shooting and downloaded from the Plant Photo Bank of China(PPBC).After the sorting process and statistical analysis,a total of 2331 plant images were finally collected(2071 images from field collection and 260 images from the PPBC),including 24 plant species belonging to 14 families and 22 genera.A large number of numerical experiments were also carried out to compare a series of 37 convolutional neural network models with good performance,from different perspectives,to find the optimal network model that is most suitable for the image recognition of desert plant species in Xinjiang.The results revealed 24 models with a recognition Accuracy,of greater than 70.000%.Among which,Residual Network X_8GF(RegNetX_8GF)performs the best,with Accuracy,Precision,Recall,and F1(which refers to the harmonic mean of the Precision and Recall values)values of 78.33%,77.65%,69.55%,and 71.26%,respectively.Considering the demand factors of hardware equipment and infe

关键词： desert plants image recognition deep learning convolutional neural network Residual Network X_8GF(RegNetX_8GF) Mobile Network V2(MobileNetV2) nature reserves

Spatial phylogenetics of two topographic extremes of the Hengduan Mountains in southwestern China and its implications for biodiversity conservation

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Plant Diversity 2021年第3期43卷 181-191页

作者： Yazhou Zhang Lishen Qian Daniel Spalink Lu Sun Jianguo Chen Hang Sun CAS Key laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kurming Institute of Botony Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanPR China Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station 77843-2138 TXUSA University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049PR China

Previous attempts to elucidate the drivers of speciation mechanisms and spatial distribution patterns of biodiversity in mountain regions have treated different floras within a single geological region as one flora,ignoring the potential contributions of high habitat/ecosystem heterogeneity.Furthermore,current conservation strategies largely focus on forest ecosystems and/or specific flagship species,ignoring marginal ecosystems,leaving species in these ecosystems at risk.Here,we compared the spatial patterns of biodiversity and the potential drivers of these patterns in the river valley and subnival ecosystems of the Hengduan Mountains region(HDM)in southwestern China.Specifically,we compared spatial patterns of diversity,endemism,and threatened species in these ecosystems based on both traditional measurements and recent phylogenetic approaches.We then examined how those patterns were related to environmental factors and human activity in these same regions.We found that the middle-southern HDM supports the highest diversity and endemism for the river valley and subnival ecosystems;however,the distribution patterns of neo-and paleo-endemism in these two ecosystems differ.Regression models indicate that habitat diversity and paleo-climatic fluctuation are important drivers of diversity and endemism for these two ecosystems.Temperature and precipitation,however,showed different influences on the spatial patterns in different ecosystems.Categorical analysis of neo-and paleoendemism(CANAPE)indicated that most endemism centers are not covered by current nature reserves.Moreover,the intensity of human activity is highest in the southern and southeastern HDM,which coincides with the distribution patterns of diversity,mixed-endemism and high-priority(and threatened)species.These findings suggest that different floras within a single geographic/floristic region respond differently to environmental factors and show different spatial phylogenetic patterns.We,therefore,recommend that future research into the drivers of bio

关键词： Biodiversity conservation Human activity nature reserves Plant diversity Subnival belt River valley

Securing a future for China's plant biodiversity through an integrated conservation approach

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Plant Diversity 2018年第3期40卷 91-105页

作者： Sergei Volis Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences

The severely threatened Chinese flora urgently needs a new, well adapted to China and properly formulated conservation strategy. The present review provides a detailed conservation methodology that complements previously described guidelines for preservation of plant species with extremely small populations(PSESP) in China. This review adds to the above concept in several aspects, making it relevant to all threatened Chinese plant species. The proposed integral conservation strategy has the following crucial components:-ecoregional basis for conservation planning and implementation;-a unified scoring system that is used in regional systematic planning for reserve design,monitoring and assessment of efficiency of a reserve network, and creation of seed banks and living collections;-a focus on population demography and the presence of naturally occurring regeneration as the key criteria for defining the conservation status of a species and the appropriate major focus of the species recovery plan;-creation of multi-species living collections that preserve species genetic variation and provide material for in situ actions;-experimental translocation of threatened species into multiple locations within and outside their known range.Adopting and implementing these strategies successfully and more fully in China requires that the country changes PA legislation and improves PA management, the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC) re-prioritizes the type of research that receives research funds, and local scientists improve their approach toward information sharing.

关键词： Biodiversity Threatened plants Conservation guidelines Chinese plant conservation nature reserves Protected areas

Protecting endemic seed plants on the Tibetan Plateau under future climate change: migration matters

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第6期12卷 962-971页

作者： Yujing Yan Zhiyao Tang Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental SciencesKey Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Macroecology Evolution and ClimateNatural History Museum of DenmarkUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2100Denmark

Aims Climate change in the near future may become a major threat to high-altitude endemics by greatly altering their distribution.Our aims are to(i)assess the potential impacts of future climate change on the diversity and distribution of seed plants endemic to the Tibetan Plateau and(ii)evaluate the conservation effectiveness of the current National nature reserves(NNRs)in protecting the endemic plants in the face of climate change.Methods We projected range shifts of 993 endemic species to the years 2050 and 2070 under two representative concentration pathway scenarios using an ensemble species distribution modeling framework and evaluated range loss,species-richness change and coverage of the current conservation network considering two dispersal scenarios.Important Findings In a full-dispersal scenario,72–81%of the species would expand their distribution by 2070,but 6–20%of the species would experience>30%range loss.Most species would shift to the west.The projected species net richness would increase across the region on average.In a no-dispersal scenario,15–59%of the species would lose>30%of their current habitat by 2070.Severe species loss may occur in the southeastern and the eastern peripheral plateau.Seventeen percent of species ranges are covered by the NNRs on average and may increase in the future if species disperse freely.We found a significant difference of species redistribution patterns between different dispersal scenarios and highlighted the importance of migration in this region.

关键词： biodiversity global change impact assessment nature reserves species conservation species distribution models

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自然保护区生态旅游开发与管理对策研究

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