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Quantum Mechanical nature in Liquid NMR Quantum Computing

Communications in Theoretical Physics 2002年第3期38卷 305-308页

作者： LONG Gui-Lu YAN Hai-Yang LI Yan-Song TU Chang-Cun ZHU Sheng-Jiang RUAN Dong SUN Yang TAO Jia-Xun CHEN Hao-Ming Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Laboratory for Quantum Computation and Quantum Measurement Beijing 100084 China Center for Atomic and Molecular Nano-Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Institute of Theoretical Physics the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 ChinaLaboratory for Quantum Computation and Quantum Measurement Beijing 100084 China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 ChinaLaboratory for Quantum Computation and Quantum Measurement Beijing 100084 China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 ChinaLaboratory for Quantum Computation and Quantum Measurement Beijing 100084 China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Laboratory for Quantum Computation and Quantum Measurement Beijing 100084 China Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The quantum nature of bulk ensemble NMR quantum computing the center of recent heated debate,is addressed. Concepts of the mixed state and entanglement are examined, and the data in a two-qubit liquid NMRquantum computation are analyzed. The main points in this paper are: i) Density matrix describes the "state" of anaverage particle in an ensemble. It does not describe the state of an individual particle in an ensemble; ii) Entanglementis a property of the wave function of a microscopic particle (such as a molecule in a liquid NMR sample), and separabilityof the density matrix cannot be used to measure the entanglement of mixed ensemble; iii) The state evolution in bulk-ensemble NMRquantum computation is quantum-mechanical; iv) The coefficient before the effective pure state densitymatrix, e, is a measure of the simultaneity of the molecules in an ensemble. It reflects the intensity of the NMR signaland has no significance in quantifying the entanglement in the bulk ensemble NMR system. The decomposition of thedensity matrix into product states is only an indication that the ensemble can be prepared by an ensemble with theparticles unentangled. We conclude that effective-pure-state NMR quantum computation is genuine, not just classicalsimulations.

关键词： quantum mechanical nature, NMR quantum computing, mixed state, entanglement

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The Symbolized Countryfolks in Shen Congwen＇s The Border Town

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Cultural and Religious Studies 2015年第5期3卷 254-261页

作者： Liang Ying Beijing Foreign Studies University Beijing China

Shen Congwen is one of China＇s most renowned modem writers. The Border Town portrays the people andcustoms of a comer of Shangri-la, and humanizes, if not romanticizes nature and the country folk who are living *** Border Town is perfect not only in subject, but in style and form as well. The complex theme of the novel isdepicted through the methods of symbolism and contrast. The current study focuses on how Shen made use ofsymbolism to portray the country folk. Although Shen used various kinds of symbolisms, natural, sexual, religious,celestial, and political, only the first two kinds will be dealt with in this paper. Symbols discussed in the paperinclude Cui Cui, Grandpa, the Border Town, river, water, ferry, bamboo, dreams, pagoda, animals, flowers, dreams,colors, etc.

关键词： symbol, country folk, nature, simplicity, vitality

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