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Green Hydrogen: Perspectives and Challenges in Using the natural gas Network in Ceará/Brazil

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第3期12卷 70-94页

作者： Francisco Alfredo de Castro Mona Lisa Moura de Oliveira Lutero Carmo de Lima Daniel Silveira Serra Science and Technology Center State University of Ceará Ceará Brazil Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1700 Fortaleza-Ceará Brazil

Climate change, mainly caused by the use of non-renewable fuels, has raised global concerns and led to the search for less polluting energy sources, making hydrogen a promising energy alternative with the potential to contribute to changes in the energy mix of various countries through the use of technologies that enable its production and use with low or zero carbon emissions. In this context, Brazil has aroused great interest from other countries in exploring its renewable resources for the production of hydrogen (green hydrogen). In this sense, the use of natural gas pipelines and the use of hydrogen in mixtures with natural gas have become the subject of studies due to their economically viable alternative for the immediate use of this energy vector. However, there are still technical and regulatory challenges regarding the integration of hydrogen into the existing natural gas pipeline network. In this context, the present study aims to address the effects of hydrogen interaction with the structure of natural gas pipeline steel and the regulatory barriers to the use of this network for the transportation of green hydrogen, particularly in the state of Ceará/Brazil. After extensive analysis of literature and regulatory documents, it was concluded that: 1) Ceará/Brazil has strong potential to meet the demand for green hydrogen through the use of solar and wind energy sources;2) there is feasibility for the adaptation or conversion of natural gas infrastructure for the transportation of green hydrogen;3) discussions regarding the regulatory competence of green hydrogen transportation and distribution through the natural gas network in Brazil are still incipient;4) the current regulation of the natural gas industry can serve as a subsidy for the regulation of green hydrogen and natural gas transportation.

关键词： Decarbonization natural gas Green Hydrogen Pipelines

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natural gas Pressure Reduction Station Self-powered by Fire Thermoelectric Generator

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第3期31卷 840-853页

作者： WANG Yupeng TONG Xiao WANG Hongmei QIU Junfeng SHEN Limei School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China Hangzhou Steam Turbine Company Limited Hangzhou310022China Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute Shenzhen518057China

Pressure reduction station(PRS)is an essential facility in natural gas transmission,which owns the function of pressure reduction,demand-supply management and flow metering.However,a large number of PRSs are located in off-grid areas and powered by battery equipment resulting in high maintenance costs.So,how to realize the energy independence of these PRSs is an urgent issue to be solved.Therefore,the natural gas fired thermoelectric generation(FTEG)module,including gas flue,cover,TEGs and heat radiators,is designed for PRS in off-grid areas.Phase change material is introduced into the FTEG module to change the operation mode from continuous mode into a periodic mode,and the prototype of the FTEG module is built to discuss the generation performance in different modes.The results show that the generation efficiency of the FTEG module is improved by 63%in periodic mode compared with the continuous mode.Then,the numerical model is established to investigate the impacts of air coefficient,cold-side heat radiator and number of TEGs on the module performance.It found that the impacts of cold-side heat radiator and the number of TEGs are more significant than those of the air coefficient.After adjusting these key parameters,an optimized FTEG module with 32 TEGs is proposed,which has an average power generation of 16.4 W and a heat collection efficiency of 84.6%.Eventually,3 to 6 modules can be connected in series to meet the power requirement of 50 W to 100 W for PRS.This high-performance FTEG module can accelerate the process of achieving the energy independence of PRS and promote its application in mesoscale equipment.

关键词： pressure reduction station natural gas thermoelectric generator phase change material periodic mode

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Asymmetric copolyimide membranes fabricated by nonsolvent-induced phase separation for He/CH_(4) and He/N_(2) separation

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 97-106页

作者： Ying Li Lu Wang Junyan Xie Yong Dai Xuehong Gu Xuerui Wang State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China Quzhou Membrane Material Innovation Institute Quzhou 324000China

Membrane gas separation is considered an energy-saving technique to extract He from natural gas due to no phase change and room temperature operation.However,the membrane performance was strongly limited by the trade-off between permeance and selectivity.Herein,novel 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride(6FDA)-2,2′-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane(APAF)-5-amino-2-(4-aminobenzene)benzimidazole(BIA)asymmetric membranes with a thickness of 300 nm were successfully prepared by the non-solvent induced phase separation method.The membrane performance was modulated by regulating dope solution compositions(e.g.,tetrahydrofuran and polymer concentration).The ideal He/CH_(4) selectivity was 124 and the optimized He permeance reached 87 GPU,beyond the current upper bound.He/CH_(4) selectivity was 75 and He permeance was 73 GPU for the binary mixture feed containing 0.2 mol%He.The membrane showed good resistance to CO_(2) and C_(2)H_(6),which are the typical impurities in natural gas.The 6FDA-APAF-BIA membranes have good stability(>160 h),which can provide great potential in He extraction from natural gas.

关键词： He separation membrane natural gas copolyimide

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Helium extraction from natural gas using DD3R zeolite membranes

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第9期35卷 122-129页

作者： Ping Zhang Chao Gong Tao Zhou Peng Du Jieyu Song Mengyang Shi Xuerui Wang Xuehong Gu State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China

Helium(He)is commercially produced from natural gas by low-temperature condensation.The process is energy extensive because of the extremely low He concentration(<0.3%)and the operation at cryogenic temperature.Herein... 详细信息

Helium(He)is commercially produced from natural gas by low-temperature condensation.The process is energy extensive because of the extremely low He concentration(natural gas at atmosphere temperature.The membrane performance was evaluated in terms of temperature,pressure and molar fractions.The overall membrane performance was dominated by the diffusivity selectivity.The single He permeance and ideal He/CH_(4) selectivity were 5.8×10^(-9)mol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)·Pa^(-1)and 79 under a feed pressure of 1.3 MPa.Even though He concentration was as low as 0.22%,the He permeance and He/CH_(4) mixture selectivity were 3.0×10^(-9)mol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)·Pa^(-1)and 44 at 0.7 MPa.During the longterm operation(~130 h)the membrane performance was stable even the feed mixture containing3.6%ethane as contaminations.The results approved the feasibility of DD3R zeolite membranes for He extraction from natural gas.

关键词： He extraction Zeolite Membranes He/CH_(4)separation natural gas

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Research on low carbon emission optimization operation technology of natural gas pipeline under multi-energy structure

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Petroleum Science 2022年第6期19卷 3046-3058页

作者： En-Bin Liu Yong Peng Shan-Bi Peng Bin Yu Qi-Kun Chen Petroleum Engineering School Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China China Petroleum Pipeline Engineering Corporation Hebei065000China School of Engineering Cardiff UniversityCardiffCF243AAUK

In order to reduce the carbon emissions of natural gas pipelines,based on the background of different energy structures,this paper proposes a general low carbon and low consumption operation model of natural gas pipelines,which is used to fine calculate the carbon emissions and energy consumption of natural gas pipeline.In this paper,an improved particle swarm optimization(NHPSO-JTVAC)algorithm is used to solve the model and the optimal scheduling scheme is given.Taking a parallel pipeline located in western China as an example,the case is analyzed.The results show that after optimization,under the existing energy types,the pipeline system can reduce 31.14%of carbon emissions,and after introducing part of new energy,the pipeline system can reduce 34.02%of carbon emissions,but the energy consumption has increased.

关键词： natural gas Pipeline optimization NHPSO-JTVAC algorithm Carbon emission New energy

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Two-stage robust optimization of power cost minimization problem in gunbarrel natural gas networks by approximate dynamic programming

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Petroleum Science 2022年第5期19卷 2497-2517页

作者： Yi-Ze Meng Ruo-Ran Chen Tian-Hu Deng Department of Industrial Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

In short-term operation of natural gas network,the impact of demand uncertainty is not negligible.To address this issue we propose a two-stage robust model for power cost minimization problem in gunbarrel natural gas networks.The demands between pipelines and compressor stations are uncertain with a budget parameter,since it is unlikely that all the uncertain demands reach the maximal deviation simultaneously.During solving the two-stage robust model we encounter a bilevel problem which is challenging to solve.We formulate it as a multi-dimensional dynamic programming problem and propose approximate dynamic programming methods to accelerate the calculation.Numerical results based on real network in China show that we obtain a speed gain of 7 times faster in average without compromising optimality compared with original dynamic programming algorithm.Numerical results also verify the advantage of robust model compared with deterministic model when facing uncertainties.These findings offer short-term operation methods for gunbarrel natural gas network management to handle with uncertainties.

关键词： natural gas Gunbarrel gas pipeline networks Robust optimization Approximate dynamic programming

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Life cycle assessment and economic analysis of HFC-134a production from natural gas compared with oil-based and coal-based production

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第12期16卷 1713-1725页

作者： Suisui Zhang Gang Li Boyang Bai Luyao Qiang Xiaoxun Ma Jingying Li School of Chemical Engineering Northwest UniversityXi’an 710069China Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education(MOE)for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei Energy Xi’an 710069China Shaanxi Research Center of Engineering Technology for Clean Coal Conversion Xi’an 710069China Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Energy and Chemical Industry in Northern Shaanxi Xi’an 710069China International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources Xi’an 710069China Longdong University Qingyang 745000China

China is the largest producer and consumer of HFC-134a(1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane)in the world.Coal-based route is mainly adopted to produce HFC-134a,which suffers from large waste and CO_(2) emissions.natural gas is a low-carbon and clean energy resource,and no research has been found on the environment and economy of producing HFC-134a from natural gas.In this study,CML 2001 method was used to carry out the life cycle assessment of natural gas(partial oxidation)-based and natural gas(plasma cracking)-based routes(abbreviated as gas(O)-based and gas(P)-based routes,respectively),and their environmental performances were compared with coal-based and oil-based routes.Meanwhile,considering that China is vigorously promoting the transformation of energy structure,and the application of electric heating equipment to replace fossil-based heating equipment in industrial field,which has a great impact on the environmental performance of the production processes,the authors conducted a scenario analysis.The results showed that the gas(O)-based route had the most favourable environmental benefits.However,the gas(P)-based route had the highest potential for reducing environmental burdens,and its environmental benefit was the most favourable in scenario 2050.Additionally,the economic performance of the gas(P)-based route was significantly better than that of gas(O)-based and coal-based routes.

关键词： life cycle assessment economic performance HFC-134a natural gas oil coal

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Nitrogen rejection from low quality natural gas by pressure swing adsorption experiments and simulation using dynamic adsorption isotherms

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第2期35卷 120-129页

作者： Xinran Zhang Hua Shang Jiangfeng Yang Libo Li Jinping Li Research Institute of Special Chemicals College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Shanxi Key Laboratory of gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization Taiyuan 030024China

In order to remove N_(2) from low quality natural gas,a mathematical model has been established by Aspen adsorption,using the CH_(4)-selective sorbent silicalite-1 pellets.The dynamic adsorption isotherm was first simulated by breakthrough simulation of a CH_(4)/N_(2) mixture at different adsorption pressures and feed flow rates based on breakthrough experiments.The resulting simulated CH_(4) dynamic adsorption amounts were very close to the experimental data at three different adsorption pressures(100,200,and 300 kPa).Moreover,a single-bed,three-step pressure swing adsorption(PSA)experiment was performed,and the results were in good agreement with the simulated data,further corroborating the accuracy of the gas dynamic adsorption isotherm obtained by the simulation method.Finally,based on the simulated dynamic adsorption isotherm of CH_(4) and N_(2),a four-bed,eight-step PSA process has been designed,which enriched 75%(vol)CH_(4) and 80%(vol)CH_(4) to 95%(vol)and 99%(vol),and provided 99%(vol)recovery.

关键词： natural gas Silicalite-1 Simulation Dynamic adsorption Pressure swing adsorption process

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Two-stage robust power cost minimization in a natural gas compressor station

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Petroleum Science 2022年第1期19卷 409-428页

作者： Yize Meng Ruoran Chen Keren Zhang Tianhu Deng Department of Industrial Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Optimal operation of a compressor station is important since it accounts for 25%to 50%of a company’s total operating budget.In short-term management of a compressor station,handling demand uncertainty is important yet challenging.Previous studies either require precise information about the distribution of uncertain parameters or greatly simplify the compressor model.We build a two-stage robust optimization framework of power cost minimization in a natural gas compressor station with nonidentical compressors.In the first stage,decision variables are the ON/OFF state of each compressor and discharge pressure.The worst-case cost of the second stage is incorporated in the first stage.Firststage decision variables feasibility is discussed and proper feasibility cuts are also proposed for the first stage.We employ a piece-wise approximation and propose accelerate methods.Our numerical results highlight two advantages of robust approach when managing uncertainty in practical settings:(1)the feasibility of first-stage decision can be increased by up to 45%,and(2)the worst-case cost can be reduced by up to 25%compared with stochastic programming models.Furthermore,our numerical experiments show that the designed accelerate algorithm has time improvements of 1518.9%on average(3785.9%at maximum).

关键词： natural gas Single station power minimization Nonconvex robust optimization C&CG algorithm

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A copper-based metal-organic framework for upgrading natural gas through the recovery of C_(2)H_(6) and C_(3)H_(8)

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Green Chemical Engineering 2023年第1期4卷 81-87页

作者： Shao-Min Wang Qing-Yuan Yang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China

natural gas processing involves the separation of higher hydrocarbons(C2–C3)from methane,which is an important and energy-intensive operation.In this paper,we present a comprehensive study of an innovative copper-based MOF(Cu-MOF)for the separation of propane and ethane from methane.The material exhibits a high adsorption capacity and selectivity for C2–C3 hydrocarbons over methane,which is primarily due to its preferential C2–C3 hydrocarbon adsorption.The adsorption isotherms at ambient conditions showed a remarkable uptake of C_(3)H_(8)of 134.0 cm^(3)/g,as well as excellent selectivity of 204 and 9 for C_(3)H_(8)/CH_(4)and C_(2)H_(6)/CH_(4).According to the theoretical calculations,differences in van der Waals interactions and polarizability of the guest molecules were responsible for influencing separation performance.In addition,we conducted adsorption kinetic experiments,dynamic breakthrough,and cycling experiments to further examine the separation performance.Overall,this research establishes an energy-efficient adsorbent for upgrading natural gas.

关键词： natural gas Adsorption Separation Light hydrocarbons MOF

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