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Emergence and Seedling Characteristics of Maize native to the Southwestern US

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第6期8卷 1304-1318页

作者： Jennifer M. Bousselot Deborah Muenchrath Allen D. Knapp Jean D. Reeder Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Colorado State University and Colorado Native Plant Society Colorado USA Department of Agronomy Iowa State University Iowa USA USDA-ARS Windsor Colorado USA

Locally adapted maize landraces, which are associated with native American groups, were traditionally planted deeply, reportedly up to 45 cm deep. Crop resources such as these should be evaluated for possible use in future sustainable farming practices. Cold temperatures often delay maize (Zea mays L.) planting in the Corn Belt, possibly reducing yield potential, and spring frost and hail can damage early plantings. If producers could plant deeper and earlier in the spring, the planting season period could be extended and the potential for frost damage reduced because the growing point would be insulated below the soil surface for a longer period of time. The emergence capabilities of eleven native American landraces were evaluated at various planting depths and compared to one Corn Belt line, BSSS-53. Emergence from depths between 5 and 45 cm was evaluated in a growth chamber study. Seedling dry matter partitioning and morphological characteristics were also examined. A field study was then performed to further test those landraces that successfully emerged (≥ 75%) from the 25 cm depth in the growth chamber. Results indicate that some of the evaluated native American landraces have a greater capacity to emerge from depth than BSSS-53. Emergence capacity was not related to initial seed weight. Mesocotyl elongation largely accounted for successful emergence from greater planting depths. The landraces partitioned relatively more dry matter to roots than shoots compared to BSSS-53. These results suggest that several of these native American landraces may be useful for the development of maize varieties more tolerant to deep planting.

关键词： native American Maize Landraces Emergence from Depth Mesocotyl Length Radicle

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native XML数据库中文档和数据表现形式的分析与研究

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计算机应用与软件 2004年第8期21卷 31-33,99页

作者：安韶峰鲁士文中国科学院研究生院信息学院北京100080

本文着重描述了nativeXML数据库中文档与数据之间的关系 ,分析并提出了它们的几种表现形式及表现方法。

关键词： native XML 数据库文档数据表现形式数据处理

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Participation and Activity Rates: Monitoring Exposure Potential for native Americans and Others in the United States

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第8期2卷 1009-1020页

作者： Joanna Burger Division of Life Sciences Rutgers University

Managers and regulators are concerned about potential human health effects from exposure on lands contaminated by chemicals and radionuclides. Determining target cleanup levels is partly dependent upon future land use, and potential exposure from human use. This paper provides data from surveys of activity patterns of people attending festivals in four states, located in the vicinity of Department of Energy facilities. There were significant differences in both participation rates, and activity rates as a function of both location and ethnicity that can be used by managers to track exposure, land use, and preferred activities on natural lands. In general, 1) a higher percent of native Americans engaged in consumptive activities than others, 2) a higher percent of Caucasians engaged in some non-consumptive activities than native Americans, 3) a higher percentage of native Americans engaged in activities on sacred grounds, 4) activity rates were generally higher for native Americans for consumptive activities and religious/cultural than for Caucasians, 5) fishing rates were higher than other consumptive activities, and camping/hiking were higher than other non-con- sumptive activities, and 6) hunting rates were higher in subjects from Idaho than elsewhere. Baseline human use is critical for monitoring potential exposure, and provides the basis for monitoring, risk assessment and future land use, and these data can be used by managers for assessment and management. Tracking changes over time will reflect changing recreational, subsistence, and cultural/religious trends that relate to land use, public perceptions, and exposure.

关键词： Monitoring Baseline Exposure Ethnicity native Americans Caucasians Department of Energy

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A Probe into the Positive Effect of native Language on Second Language Acquisition

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海外英语 2011年第1X期 49-51页

作者： WANG Wei-qun(Central South University of Forestry and Science,Changsha 410004,China) Central South University of Forestry and Science Changsha 410004 China

It is a common concern of foreign language teachers what are the effects of students'mother tongue in Second Language Acquisition(SLA).Great achievements have been made in this regard in Psycho-Linguistic and SLA *** emphasis of those studies,however,has been placed on the negative transfer,and not much attention paid to the positive effects of native *** paper is to raise the issue of positive transfer and explore the positive effects of native language based on the results of Psycho-Linguistic studies and SLA.

关键词： native language acquisition second language acquisition positive effect psycho-linguistic.

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Early Forage Biomass and Sward Structures of native Warm-Season Grasses Established at Different Seedling Densities

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第4期9卷 832-844页

作者： Vitalis W. Temu Christos Galanopoulos Maru K. Kering Laban K. Rutto Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg USA

Effects of transplanted seedling density and species on sward structure of native warm-season grass (NWSG) stands were compared in a randomized complete block design. About 6-week-old NWSG (big bluestem (BB, Andropogon gerardii Vitman), eastern gamagrass (GG, Tripsacum dactyloides L.), indiangrass [IG, Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] and switchgrass (SG, Panicum virgatum) seedlings were transplanted in 45-cm wide rows on clean-tilled seedbeds. Within-row spacing was 30, 25, or, 20 cm giving 10, 12, and 15 plants m-2 as low, medium, and high seedling density, respectively. During establishment, the stands were allowed uninterrupted first year growth without fertilizers or irrigation but when necessary, tall-growing broadleaf weeds were mechanically removed. In the following spring, all dead standing biomass was mowed down to allow emerging tillers access to sunlight. During the second year after planting, early-spring basal diameters, row-length intercepted by the NWSG crowns, mid-summer sward heights, and percentage bare ground were determined. From the second June after planting, and for two consecutive years, plots were harvested twice year-1 to assess forage biomass. Data showed that, unlike species, seedling density had no effect on the assessed parameters. Cumulative forage biomass, in kg DM ha-1, was the least for GG (4901) at low and the most (18,245) for SG at high seedling density during the second year. Corresponding values for the third year were 4500 and 7799 kg DM ha-1. Basal diameters ranged from 18 cm (BB) to 24 cm (IG) while percent row intercepts were from 6 (GG) to 46 (IG) with sward heights measuring 41 cm (IG) to 54 cm (GG). In each stand, percent ground cover by the NWSGs, and at every seedling density, averaged 60.5. Transplanting at ≥10 plant m-2 resulted in harvest-ready stands by the second year of establishment. And while close spacing favored the NWSGs against weeds, data showed that an initial plant density of >10 plants m-2 may not result

关键词： Forage native Warm-Season Grass Establishment Transplant Seedling Density Yield Cover Habitat Quality Sward Structure

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Investigating the Intrinsic Motivation and native Language Effect in Second Language Learning

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Sino-US English Teaching 2019年第5期16卷 197-202页

作者： LIU Fulan CHEN Yu Jiangxi Normal University Jiangxi China

In Brown’s Principle of Language Learning and Teaching, we can learn a great deal about language acquisition principles. He put forward the most influenced 12 principles to refresh our teaching cognition. The authors chose two principles to further discuss and would give some pedagogical suggestions. Intrinsic motivation refers to behavior that is driven by internal rewards. In other words, the most powerful rewards are those that are intrinsically motivated within the learners. Because the behavior stems from needs, wants, or desires within oneself, the behavior itself is self-rewarding;therefore, no externally administered reward is necessary at all. Nowadays, the intrinsic motivation plays an irreplaceable role in students’ learning, and it can promote students’ learning ability. Another principle is the native language effect. When learning a foreign language, the native language always plays a role in it. Here, there are two aspects: positive and negative transfer. How to turn the students’ negative transfer into positive transfer and encourage students to continue keeping positive transfer will be an important task that teachers may meet in the classroom. This paper mainly discusses the functions of the intrinsic motivation and the native language effect principles in students’ learning and English teaching in second language. This study aims to encourage English teachers to adopt the two principles during teaching process and enable students to enjoy the process of learning English. In the end, the authors also give some pedagogical implications to second language teaching and expect to improve students’ confidence in second language learning.

关键词： intrinsic motivation native language effect English teaching

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On “native Ecological View” of Suzhou Classical Gardens

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Journal of Landscape Research 2013年第3期5卷 19-20页

作者： HUANG Shun PAN Wenming YAO Lan Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture

On the basis of reviewing and concluding relevant data, and construction practices of eco-garden city, origination, theoretic foundation and structural model of "native ecological view" of Suzhou classical gardens wer... 详细信息

关键词： Suzhou classical gardens native ecological view Ecological landscape Inheritance

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Understanding the medial ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow: Review of native ligament anatomy and function

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2018年第6期9卷 78-84页

作者： Joshua R Labott William R Aibinder Joshua S Dines Christopher L Camp Mayo Clinic School of Medicine Mayo Clinic Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service Hospital of Special Surgery Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Mayo Clinic

The medial ulnar collateral ligament complex of the elbow, which is comprised of the anterior bundle [AB, more formally referred to as the medial ulnar collateral ligament(MUCL)], posterior(PB), and transverse ligament, is commonly injured in overhead throwing athletes. Attenuation or rupture of the ligament results in valgus instability with variable clinical presentations. The AB or MUCL is the strongest component of the ligamentous complex and the primary restraint to valgus stress. It is also composed of two separate bands(anterior and posterior) that provide reciprocal function with the anterior band tight in extension, and the posterior band tight in flexion. In individuals who fail co-mprehensive non-operative treatment, surgical repair or reconstruction of the MUCL is commonly required to restore elbow function and stability. A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy and biomechanical properties of the MUCL is imperative to optimize reconstructive efforts, and to enhance clinical and radiographic outcomes. Our understanding of the native anatomy and biomechanics of the MUCL has evolved over time. The precise locations of the origin and insertion footprint centers guide surgeons in proper graft placement with relation to bony anatomic landmarks. In recent studies, the ulnar insertion of the MUCL is described as larger than previously thought, with the center of the footprint at varying distances relative to the ulnar ridge, joint line, or sublime tubercle. The purpose of this review is to consolidate and summarize the existing literature regarding the native anatomy, biomechanical, and clinical significance of the entire medial ulnar collateral ligament complex, including the MUCL(AB), PB, and transverse ligament.

关键词： Elbow Anterior bundle Medial ulnar collateral ligament native anatomy Biomechanics Valgus stability

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Pampa Biome native Plant Appreciation by the Analysis of <i>Glandularia peruviana</i>(L.) Cuttings Growth

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第3期6卷 427-432页

作者： Luciana Dall’Agnese Cláudia Petry Paloma Alves da Silva Sexto Graduate Program in Agronomy School of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine University of Passo Fundo Passo Fundo Brazil

A native plant of Biome Pampa (Southern Brazil), the Glandularia peruviana (L.) Small species has been, until now, little studied as ornamental plant for use as mulch and formation of massifs. Whilst this species didn’t suffer any genetic improvement process, it is extremely ornamental by its color and size. In order to promote its comercial propagation and its use to improve the Pampa biodiversity, this study was conducted to know, as a ruderal plant native from South America, how the behavior of the plants was when employed plant propagation and use of artificial auxin on the cuttings. The test consisted of assessing the growth of cuttings treated or not with indol-butyric acid, analyzed at diferent ages, at 21, 24, 27 and 31 days in the University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil. It was observed that the plant total dry mass values showed no standard of behavior, values for dry matter, whether of leaves, stem, root, shoot and total not responded to treatments and analyzed ages. The same occurred for specific leaf weight, plant height, number of green leaves, number of dead leaves, average leaf length and average number of stems. The lack of significant treatment and age effects may be explained by the plant primitiveness, which is ruderal, so its development has little influenced by the propagation practices.

关键词： Glandularia peruviana Indol-Butyric Acid native Plant Age Propagation Ruderal

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Prevention of type 2 diabetes in urban American Indian/Alaskan native communities: The Life in BALANCE pilot study

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2013年第4期3卷 184-191页

作者： Daniel C. Benyshek Michelle Chino Carolee Dodge-Francis Toricellas O. Begay Hongbin Jin Celeste Giordano Department of Anthropology University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas USA School of Community Health Sciences University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas USA

Objective: The Life in BALANCE (LIB) study is a pilot translational study modeling the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) intensive lifestyle coaching intervention among an underserved, high-risk population: American Indians/Alaska natives (AI/ANs) living in a large urban setting (Las Vegas, Nevada). Research Design and Methods: A total of 22 overweight/obese AI/ANs (age, 39.6 ± 10.4 years;BMI, 34.1 ± 6.3 kg/m2) at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes (HbA1c > 5.4 (36 mmol/mol) Results: Only 12 of the 22 participants remained?in the LIB program at the final post-program follow-up. Participants demonstrated significant decreased waist circumference and elevated HDL cholesterol. Triglycerides manifested the highest percentage change without statistical significance. No significant change was observed in blood pressure or fasting blood glucose. Conclusions: LIB participants’ improvements in BMI, waist circumference, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides suggests type 2 diabetes prevention programs aimed at urban AI/ANs show significant potential for reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes among this underserved and high risk community. Qualitative data suggest the main challenge for type 2 diabetes prevention specific to this population is a need for improved community outreach strategies.

关键词： Type 2 Diabetes Community-Based Participatory Research Prevention American Indian/Alaskan native Urban

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