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Exposing Cu-rich {110} active facets in PtCu nanostars for boosting electrochemical performance toward multiple liquid fuels electrooxidation

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Nano Research 2019年第5期12卷 1147-1153页

作者： Liping Huang Wei Zhang Peng Li Yongbo Song Hongting Sheng Yuanxin Du Yang-Gang Wang Yuen Wu Xun Hong Yanhuai Ding Xiaoyou Yuan Manzhou Zhu Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN) and Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China College of Civil Engineering & Mechanics Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China

In catalysis,tuning the structural composition of the metal alloy is known as an efficient way to optimize the catalytic *** work presents the synthesis of compositional segregated six-armed PtCu nanostars via a facile solvothermal method and their distinct composition-structure-dependent performances in electrooxidation *** alloy is shown to have a unique six arms with a Cu-rich dodecahedral core,mainly composed of {110} facets and exhibit superior catalytic activity toward alcohols electrooxidation compared to the hollow counterpart where Cu was selectively *** functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the formation of hydroxyl intermediate (OH^*) is crucial to detoxify CO poisoning during the electrooxidation *** addition of Cu is found to effectively adjust the d band location of the alloy catalyst and thus enhance the formation of ^*OH intermediate from water splitting,which decreases the coverage of ^*CO *** work demonstrates that the unique compositional anisotropy in alloy catalyst may boost their applications in electrocatalysis and provides a methodology for the design of this type catalyst.

关键词： element-specific etching crystal facet PtCu nanostars methanol oxidation

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Laser Pulse Duration Optimization for Photothermal Therapy with Gold nanostars

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2018年第3期7卷 391-402页

作者： Juntao Cao Chongqing Foreign Language School Chongqing China

Photothermal therapy (PTT), which utilizes light radiation to create localized heating effect in the targeted areas, is a promising solution for highly specific yet minimally invasive cancer therapy. PTT uses photothermal agents, which are usually nanoparticles that absorb strongly in the near-infrared optical window where minimal tissue absorption occurs. Photothermal agents are also highly functionalized to target at specific tumor sites. Gold nanostar is an ideal candidate for photothermal agents, because it not only has a Surface Plasmon Resonance in the near-infrared, but also can be easily produced and purified, and is extremely versatile in the drug delivery process. In order to achieve maximum amount of localized heating, pulse lasers are usually used in laser ablation processes like photothermal therapy. However, intensive laser radiation can cause damage to regular tissues as well the nanostructures themselves. Therefore, identifying the optimal pulse duration to effectively generate localized heating in the tumorous tissues while keeping the normal tissues and the nanostructures intact is important to achieving optimal photo-therapeutic results. This manuscript provides a numerical calculation method with Comsol Multiphysics to optimize the pulse condition of the gold nanostars under photothermal therapy settings. Based on results, gold nanostar displays significant temperature heterogeneity under femtosecond and picosecond laser radiation, while nanosecond laser only induces rather uniform heating effects across the entire gold nanostar particle. This finding indicates that femtosecond laser, which is the most common type of laser used for ablation, is likely to melt the tip of the gold nanostar before the nanostar body reaches a reasonably high temperature. Picosecond and nanosecond lasers are much less likely to induce such dramatic morphology change. This study offers important insight into finding the optimal condition for photothermal therapy with m

关键词： Photothermal Therapy Photothermal Imaging Gold nanostars Laser Ablation

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How toxic are gold nanoparticles？ The state-of-the-art

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Nano Research 2015年第6期8卷 1771-1799页

作者： Ilaria Fratoddi Iole Venditti Cesare cametti Maria Vittoria Russo Dipartimento di Chimica Universita' di Roma 'La Sapienza' Piazzale A. Moro 5 1-00185 Rome Italy Dipartimento di Fisica and INFM CNR-SOFT Universita' di Roma 'La Sapienza' Piazzale A. Moro 51-00185 Rome Italy

With the growing interest in the applications of gold nanoparticles in biotechnology and their physiological effects, possible toxicity of gold nanoparticles is becoming an increasingly important issue. A large number of studies carried out over the past few years under a variety of experimental conditions and following different protocols have produced conflicting results, leading to divergent views about the actual safety of gold nanoparticles in human applications. This work is intended to provide an overview of the most recent experimental results and thereby summarize current state-of-the-art. Rather than presenting a comprehensive review of the available literature in this field, which would be impractically broad, we have selected representative examples of both in vivo and in vitro studies, which clearly demonstrate the need for urgent and rigorous standardization of experimental protocols. Despite their significant potential, the safety of gold nanoparticles is highly controversial at this time, and important concerns have been raised that need to be properly addressed. Factors such as shape, size, surface charge, coating, and surface functionalization are expected to influence the interactions of particles with biological systems to a different extent, resulting in different outcomes and influencing the potential of gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Moreover, despite continuous attempts to establish a correlation between structure of the particles and their interactions with biological systems, we are still far from elucidating the toxicological profile of gold nanoparticles in an indisputable manner. This review is intended to contribute towards this goal, offering a number of suggestions on how to achieve the systematization of data on the most relevant physico-chemical parameters, which govern and control the toxicity of ~old nanot^articles at cellular and whole-organism levels.

关键词： gold nanoparticles nanospheres nanorods nanocages nanostars toxicity

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