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From contraction to gene expression:nanojunctions of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum deliver site-and function-specific calcium signals

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第8期59卷 749-763页

作者： A.Mark Evans Nicola Fameli Oluseye A.Ogunbayo Jingxian Duan Jorge Navarro-Dorado Centre for Integrative Physiology College of Medicine and Veterinary MedicineHugh Robson BuildingUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH8 9XDUK Institute of Biophysics Medical University of GrazGraz 8010Austria

Calcium signals determine, for example, smooth muscle contraction and changes in gene expression. How calcium signals select for these processes is enigmatic. We build on the "panjunctional sarcoplasmic reticulum" hypothesis, describing our view that different calcium pumps and release channels, with different kinetics and affinities for calcium, are strategically positioned within nanojunctions of the SR and help demarcate their respective cytoplasmic nanodomains. SERCA2 b and Ry R1 are preferentially targeted to the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR) proximal to the plasma membrane(PM), i.e., to the superficial buffer barrier formed by PM-SR nanojunctions, and support vasodilation. In marked contrast, SERCA2 a may be entirely restricted to the deep, perinuclear SR and may supply calcium to this sub-compartment in support of vasoconstriction. Ry R3 is also preferentially targeted to the perinuclear SR, where its clusters associate with lysosome-SR nanojunctions. The distribution of Ry R2 is more widespread and extends from this region to the wider cell. Therefore, perinuclear Ry R3 s most likely support the initiation of global calcium waves at L-SR junctions, which subsequently propagate by calcium-induced calcium release via Ry R2 in order to elicit contraction. Data also suggest that unique SERCA and Ry R are preferentially targeted to invaginations of the nuclear membrane. Site- and function-specific calcium signals may thus arise to modulate stimulus-response coupling and transcriptional cascades.

关键词： calcium nanojunction ryanodine receptor sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase smooth muscle gene expression contraction

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Nonequilibrium reservoir engineering of a biased coherent conductor for hybrid energy transport in nanojunctions

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第12期29卷 44-49页

作者：胡柄中年磊磊吕京涛 School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

We show that a current-carrying coherent electron conductor can be treated as an effective bosonic energy reservoir involving different types of electron–hole pair excitations.For weak electron–boson coupling,hybrid energy transport between nonequilibrium electrons and bosons can be described by a Landauer-like formula.This allows for unified account of a variety of heat transport problems in hybrid electron–boson systems.As applications,we study the non-reciprocal heat transport between electrons and bosons,thermoelectric current from a cold-spot,and electronic cooling of the bosons.Our unified framework provides an intuitive way of understanding hybrid energy transport between electrons and bosons in their weak coupling limit.It opens the way of nonequilibrium reservoir engineering for efficient energy control between different quasi-particles at the nanoscale.

关键词： electron–hole pair hybrid energy transport nanojunction electron–phonon interaction

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