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Asiatic Callosciurus squirrels as seed dispersers of exotic plants in the Pampas

Current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 215-219页

作者： S. Yasmin BOBADILLA Veronica V, BENITEZ M. Laura GUICHON Ecologia de Mamiferos Introducidos Departamento de Ciencias Basicas Instituto de Ecologia y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) Universidad Nacional de Lujan Ruta 5 y 7 Lujan (6700) Buenos Aires Argentina

Seed dispersal by exotic mammals exemplifies mutualistic interactions that can modify the habitat by facilitating the establishment of certain species. We examined the potential for endozoochoric dispersal of exotic plants by Callosciurus erythraeus introduced in the Pampas Region of Argentina. We identified and characterized entire and damaged seeds found in squirrel faeces and evaluated the germination capacity and viability of entire seeds in laboratory assays. We collected 120 samples of squirrel faeces that contained 883 pellets in seasonal surveys conducted between July 2011 and June 2012 at 3 study sites within the main invasion focus of C. erythraeus in Argentina. We found 226 entire seeds in 21% of the samples belonging to 4 species of exotic trees and shrubs. Germination in laboratory assays was recorded for Morus alba and Casuarina sp.; however, germination percentage and rate was higher for seeds obtained from the fruits than for seeds obtained from the faeces. The largest size of entire seeds found in the faeces was 4.2 ~ 4.0 ram, whereas the damaged seeds had at least 1 dimension ≥ 4.7 ram. Our results indi- cated that C. erythraeus can disperse viable seeds of at least 2 species of exotic trees. C. erythraeus predated seeds of other naturalized species in the region. The morphometric description suggested a restriction on the maximum size for the passage of entire seeds through the digestive tract of squirrels, which provides useful information to predict its role as a potential disperser or predator of other species in other invaded communities.

关键词： Argentina Callosciurus erythraeus endozoochory invasive species mutualism.

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Cooperative Cognitive Wireless Communication based on Biological mutualism

Cooperative Cognitive Wireless Communication based on Biolog...

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2010 Second International Conference on Communication Systems, Networks and Applications (ICCSNA 2010)

作者： Mohsin Nazir Nandana Rajatheva CWC University of Oulu Asian Institute of Technology

Cooperative cognitive wireless communication（CCWC） can be used for dealing with direct communication problem,and bandwidth scarcity issue using the cooperative communications and cognitive radio *** topic is of great importance for future development of wireless communication *** have been many techniques for dealing with such kind of problems using game theory（GT）.In this paper,we have tried to analyze the cooperative cognitive communication model based on biological mutualism.BM）.In BM,different types of species help each other for mutual existence in the *** tried to formulate our CCWC problem similarly like BM scenario,and examined how the bandwidth resource would be shared with each other for mutual existence,and the number of primary and secondary users which can coexist based on the available bandwidth resource.

关键词： Cooperative Communication Cognitive Radio Cooperative Cognitive Radio mutualism.

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