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mutualism between antagonists:its ecological and evolutionary implications

Integrative Zoology 2021年第1期16卷 84-96页

作者： Zhibin ZHANG Chuan YAN Hongmao ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem Institute of Innovation Ecology&College of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina School of Life Sciences Institute of Evolution and EcologyCentral China Normal UniversityWuhanChina

mutualism or antagonism between species is often investigated within the framework of monotonic interactions of either mutualism or antagonism,but studies on transition from mutualism to antagonism(within the context of nonmonotonic interactions)have been largely *** this paper,through a brief review and synthesis,we highlighted the role of mutualism between antagonists in regulating the ecological and evolutionary processes,as well as maintaining the stability and complexity of *** between antagonistic species represents the density-dependent transition between mutualism and antagonism,which is beneficial to species coexistence and stability of complex ecosystems;thus,it should be favored by natural *** may face selection of conflicting pressure on functional traits in co-balancing mutualism and antagonism,which may result in evolution of the dual character of species with moderate mutualistic or antagonistic *** and co-balance of these traits are driving forces in shaping mutualism-antagonism *** for mutualists,punishment for exploiters,and competition of meta-communities are essential in stabilizing mutualism between *** appeal for more studies on mutualism between antagonists and its ecological and evolutionary implications by expanding the conventional ecological studies from monotonic to nonmonotonic regimes.

关键词： antagonism biodiversity and stability coevolution ecological nonmonotonicity mutualism

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Spatial heterogeneity and host repression in fig-fig wasp mutualism

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第5期58卷 492-500页

作者： WANG RuiWu WEN XiaoLan CHEN Chun SHI Lei COMPTON Stephen G. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Statistics and Mathematics College Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes University School of Biology University of Leeds

It is generally believed that physical heterogeneity in common resource or evolutionary restraint can sufficiently prevent direct conflict between host and symbionts in mutualism systems. Our data on fig/fig wasp reciprocal mutualism(Ficus racemosa), however, show that structural barriers of female flowers or genetic constraints of pollinators previously hypothesized exist, but cannot sufficiently maintain the mutualism stability. The results show that a positive relationship between seed and wasp production could be maintained in warm season, which might be because of density dependence restraint among foundresses and their low oviposition and pollination efficiency, keeping common resource(female flowers) utilization unsaturated. Whilst, a negative correlation between wasp offspring and viable seed production was also observed in cold season, which might be that the increased oviposition and pollination efficiency maximized the common resource utilization. The fitness trade-off between fig and pollinator wasps is greatly affected by environmental or ecological variations. The local stability might result from temporal low exploitation efficiency of pollinators together with interference competition among pollinators. We suggest that host repression through the active regulation of bract closure, which can create interference competition among the foundresses and prevent extra more foundresses sequential entry in fruit cavities, would help the figs avoiding the cost of over-exploitation. This essentially takes the same role as sanctioning of cheating or competitive behaviors.

关键词： Agaonidae cooperation conflict co-evolution repression mutualism density dependence

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Synchronization in a mutualism Ecosystem Induced by Noise Correlation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2008年第9期50卷 793-796页

作者： ZHONG Wei-Rong SHAO Yuan-Zhi BIE Meng-Jie HE Zhen-Hui School of Physics ＆ Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China Centre for Nonlinear Studies Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China

Understanding the cause of the synchronization of population evolution is an important issue for *** we present a Lotka-Volterra-type model driven by two correlated environmental noises and show,via theoretical analysis and direct simulation,that noise correlation can induce a synchronization of the *** series of mutual species exhibit a chaotic-like fluctuation,which is independent of the noise correlation,however,the chaotic fluctuation of mutual species ratio decreases with the noise correlation.A quantitative parameter defined forcharacterizing chaotic fluctuation provides a good approach to measure when the complete synchronization happens.

关键词： environmental noise correlation synchronous fluctuation chaos population dynamics mutualism

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Masting promotes transformation from predation to mutualism in an oak-weevil-rodent system

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 1514-1524页

作者： Hongmao Zhang Hongyu Niu Michael ASteele Liqing Peng Huimin He Aoqiang Li Xianfeng Yi Hongjun Li Zhibin Zhang Institute of Evolution and Ecology School of Life SciencesCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Biology Wilkes UniversityWilkes-Barre 18766USA School of Life Sciences Qufu Normal UniversityQufu 273165China

The significance of ecological non-monotonicity(a function whose first derivative changes signs)in shaping the structure and functions of the ecosystem has recently been recognized,but such studies involving high-order interactions are ***,we have proposed a threetrophic conceptual diagram on interactions among trees,rodents,and insects in mast and non-mast years and tested the hypothesis that oak(Quercus wutaishanica)masting could result in increased mutualism and less predation in an oak-weevil-rodent system in a warm temperate forest of *** 14-year dataset revealed that mast years coincided with a relatively low rodent abundance but a high weevil *** not only benefited seedling recruitment of oaks through increased dispersal by rodents but also a decrease in predation by rodents and weevils,as well as an increase in the overwintering survival of *** appeared to have increased weevil survival by reducing predation of infested acorns by *** results suggest that masting benefits all participants in the plant-insect-rodent system by increasing mutualism and reducing predation behavior(i.e.,a non-monotonic function).Our study highlights the significance of masting in maintaining the diversity and function of the forest ecosystem by facilitating the transformation from predation to mutualism among trophic species.

关键词： antagonism ecological non-monotonicity mutualism seed-weevil-rodent system seedling recruitment rodent overwintering survival weevil survival

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Parameter uncertainty in biomathematical model described by one-prey two-predator system with mutualism

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2017年第6期10卷 147-182页

作者： D. Pal G. S. Mahapatra G. P. Samanta Chandrahati Dilip Kumar High School (HS) Chandrahati 712504 West Bengal India Department of Mathematics National Institute of Technology-Puducherry Karaikal 609605 India Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur Howrah 711103 India

In this paper, a three-species system consisting of two predators which are in mutual- ism with each other and preying on the same single prey is considered. Also, the prey and first predator are harvested under optimal conditions. The values of the biological parameters depend on the collection of data from the experts as well as on the nature of the environment in which prey predator system are considered. So the biological para- meters are not precise in reality. This paper presents a different approach to study the prey-predator model with imprecise biological parameters. All the possible equilibrium points are identified and the local as well as global stability criteria under imprecise- ness are discussed. The possibility of existence of bionomic equilibrium is discussed. The optimal harvesting policy is studied using Pontryagin＇s maximum principle. Numerical examples are provided to support the proposed approach.

关键词： mutualism equilibrium stability bioeconomic optimal control intervalnumber.

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A Study on the Rebirth of Buck Based on the Repetitive Breakage and Es⁃tablishment of mutualism

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海外英语 2021年第17期 245-246页

作者：王志捷张晓容西北农林科技大学外语系

In the Book The Call of the Wild,Buck experiences numerous ups and downs in his *** changes from a tamed dog to a most powerful and persevered leader of wolves in the primitive *** finally answers the call of his ancestor and the call of nature,returning to the place where he is destined to *** naturalism as well as symbolism is heated discussed in this book to ***,the study on the rebirth of Buck from the perspective of mutualism still remains a relative blank *** article further analyzes the rebirth with the analyzing method of mutualism and the concrete *** repetitive breakage and establish⁃ment of various mutual relationships for Buck gradually reshape some of his features and wakes up something inherited,deep root⁃ed but once hidden in his *** features eventually pushes him to reach the peak of his life—the life he is meant to be and in which he becomes a true warrior.

关键词： The Call of the Wild mutualism Rebirth Warrior

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Seed and Wasp Production in the mutualism of Figs and Fig Wasps

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Forestry Studies in China 2005年第1期7卷 25-28页

作者： YaoJin-yan ZhaoNan-xian ChenYi-zhu JiaXiao-cheng DengYuan YuHui SouthChinaBotanicalGarden ChineseAcademyofSciencesGuangzhou510650P.R.China SouthChinaBotanicalGarden ChineseAcademyofSciencesGuangzhou510650P.R.China／／GraduateSchooloftheChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100039P.R.China

Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ovaries which can either produce one seed or one wasp. From observation on Ficus virens Ait., we showed that female flowers with outer layer of ovaries (near to the wall of syconium) had no significant difference from that with inner and interval layer of ovaries (near to the syconium cavity), in which most seeds and wasps were produced. This meant that fig tree provided the same potential resource for seed and wasps production. Observation indicated that there was usually only one foundress in syconium at female flower phase and no com- petition pollinators. Measurement of the style length of female flowers and the ovipositor of pollinators indicated that most ovaries could be reached by pollinator’s ovipositor. However, at the male flower phase, production of seeds was significantly more than that of wasps including non-pollinating wasps but there was no significant difference between seed and pollinating wasp production when without non-pollinating wasps produced. This result indicated that non-pollinating wasps competed ovaries not with seeds but with pollinating wasps for ovipositing. Bagged experiment showed that the sampling fig species was not self-sterile which was important for figs and wasps to survive bad season. Seed production in self-pollinated figs was not significantly different from total wasps in- cluding non-pollinating ones. This might be related with the weaker competition among wasps since bagged figs were not easy to reach by wasps from outside.

关键词： Ficus Ficus wasp mutualism conflicts seed and wasp production Seed and Wasp Production in the mutualism of Figs and Fig Wasps Yao Jin-yan1 2 Zhao Nan-xian1 Chen Yi-zhu1* Jia Xiao-cheng1 2 Deng Yuan1 2 Yu Hui1 2 1South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 P. R. China 2Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 P. R. China ABSTRACT Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ovaries which can either produce one seed or one wasp. From observation on Ficus virens Ait. we showed that female flowers with outer layer of ovaries (near to the wall of syconium) had no significant difference from that with inner and interval layer of ovaries (near to the syconium cavity) in which most seeds and wasps were produced. This meant that fig tree provided the same potential resource for seed and wasps production. Observation indicated that there was usually only one foundress in syconium at female flower phase and no com- petition pollinators. Measurement of the style length of female flowers and the ovipositor of pollinators indicated that most ovaries could be reached by pollinator’s ovipositor. However at the male flower phase production of seeds was significantly more than that of wasps including non-pollinating wasps but there was no significant difference between seed and pollinating wasp production when without non-pollinating wasps produced. This result indicated that non-pollinating wasps competed ovaries not with seeds but with pollinating wasps for ovipositing. Bagged experiment showed that the sampling fig species was not self-sterile which was important for figs and wasps to survive bad season. Seed production in self-pollinated figs was not significantly different from total wasps in- cluding non-pollinating

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Seed traits and taxonomic relationships determine the occurrence of mutualisms versus seed predation in a tropical forest rodent and seed dispersal system

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第3期9卷 309-319页

作者： Zhenyu WANG Lin CAO Zhibin ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

Although many studies have been carried out on plant-animal mutualistic assemblages,the roles of functional traits and taxonomy in determining both whether interactions involve mutualisms or predation and the structure of such assemblages are *** used semi-natural enclosures to quantitatively assess the interaction strengths between seeds of 8 sympatric tree species and 4 rodent species in a tropical forest in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan,Southwest *** found 2 clusters of species in the seed-rodent network represented by 2 genera in the Fagaceae(Castanopsis,Lithocarpus).Compared to seeds of 3 Castanopsis species,seeds with heavy weight,hard coat or caloric content(including 3 Lithocarpus species)were eaten less and more frequently hoarded by *** turn,hoarded seeds showed less predation and more mutualism with *** results suggest that seed traits significantly affected the hoarding behavior of rodents,and,consequently,the occurrence of mutualisms and predation as well as assemblage structure in the plant-animal seed dispersal ***nomically-related species with similar seed traits as functional groups belong to the same substructures in the *** results indicate that both seed traits and taxonomic relationships may simplify thinking about seed dispersal systems by helping to elucidate whether interactions are likely to be dominated by predation or mutualism.

关键词： hoarding behavior mutualism predation seed dispersal seed trait

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Asymmetric or diffusive co-evolution generates meta-populations in fig-fig wasp mutualisms

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2014年第6期57卷 596-602页

作者： WANG RuiWu YANG Yan WIGGINS Natasha L. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences School of Plant Science University of Tasmania

Co-evolutionary theory assumes co-adapted characteristics are a positive response to counter those of another species,whereby co-evolved species reach an evolutionarily stable interaction through bilateral ***,evidence from the fig-fig wasp mutualistic system implies very different co-evolutionary selection mechanisms,due to the inherent conflict among interacted *** plants appear to have discriminatively enforced fig wasps to evolve"adaptation characteristics"that provide greater benefit to the fig,and fig wasps appear to have diversified their evolutionary strategies in response to discriminative enforcement by figs and competition among different fig wasp *** what appears to be an asymmetric interaction,the prosperity of cooperative pollinating wasps should inevitably lead to population increases of parasitic individuals,thus resulting in localized extinctions of pollinating *** response,the sanctioning of parasitic wasps by the fig should lead to a reduction in the parasitic wasp *** meta-populations created by such asymmetric interactions may result in each population of coevolved species chaotically oscillated,temporally or evolutionarily.

关键词： asymmetric co-evolution inter-specific cooperation meta-population mutualism

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An uneasy alliance:a nesting association between aggressive ants and equally fierce social wasps

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Insect Science 2020年第1期27卷 122-132页

作者： Pablo Servigne Jerome Orivel Frederic Azemar James Carpenter Alain Dejean Bruno Corbara Ecologie Sociale CP 231 Universite Libre de Bruxelles(ULB)Campus PlaineBoulevard du TriompheBrusselsBelgium CNRS UMR EcoFoGAgroParisTechCiradINRAUniversite des AntillesUniversite de GuyaneKourouFrance EcoLabf CNRS INPTUPSUniversite de ToulouseToulouseFrance Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNew YorkUSA CNRS LMGEUniversite Clermont AuvergneClermont-FerrandFrance

Although the Neotropical territorially dominant arboreal ant Azteca chartifex Forel is very aggressive towards any intruder,its populous colonies tolerate the close presence of the fierce polistine wasp Polybia rejecta(F.).In French Guiana,83.33%of the 48 *** nests recorded were found side by side with those of *** nesting association results in mutual protection from predators(i.e.,the wasps protected from army ants;the ants protected from birds).We conducted field studies,laboratorybased behavioral experiments and chemical analyses to elucidate the mechanisms allowing the persistence of this *** to differences in the cuticular profiles of the two species,we eliminated the possibility of chemical ***,analyses of the carton nests did not reveal traces of marking on the *** ant forager flows were not perturbed by extracts from the wasps’Dufour’s and venom glands,we rejected any hypothetical action of repulsive ***,we noted that the wasps"scraped"the surface of the upper part of their nest envelope using their mandibles,likely removing the ants'scent trails,and an experiment showed that ant foragers were perturbed by the removal of their scent *** leads us to use the term"erasure hypothesis."Thus,this nesting association persists thanks to a relative tolerance by the ants towards wasp presence and the behavior of the wasps that allows them to"contain"their associated ants through the elimination of their scent trails,direct attacks,"wing-buzzing"behavior and ejecting the ants.

关键词： Azteca chartifex ants interspecific association mutualism Polybia rejecta wasps scent trail erasure

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