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Brominated dioxins and furans in a cement kiln co-processing municipal solid waste

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第5期31卷 339-345页

作者： Lili Yang Yuyang Zhao Miwei Shi Minghui Zheng Yang Xu Cui Li Yuanping Yang Linjun Qin Guorui Liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application Institute of Geographical Sciences Hebei Academy of Sciences

A field study and theoretical calculations were performed to clarify the levels, profiles, and distributions of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PBDD/Fs) in a cement kiln co-processing solid waste, with a focus on the PBDF formation mechanism.The raw materials contributed greatly to input of PBDD/Fs into the cement kiln. The PBDD/F concentrations in the raw materials were much higher than those in particle samples from different process stages in the cement kiln. The PBDD/F concentrations in the clinkers were1.40% of the concentrations in the raw materials, which indicated that the high destruction efficiencies for PBDD/Fs by cement kiln. PBDD/F distribution patterns in particle samples collected from different process stages indicated the cement kiln backend was a major site for PBDD/F formation. PBDFs with high levels of halogenation, such as heptabrominated furans(Hp BDF), were the dominant contributors to the total PBDD/F concentrations and accounted for 42%–73% of the total PBDD/F concentrations in the particle samples. Our results showed that co-processing of municipal solid waste in a cement kiln may influence the congener profile of PBDD/Fs, especially for the higher halogenated PBDD fraction. In addition, there were significant correlations between the decabromodiphenyl ether and heptabrominated furan concentrations, which is an indicator of transformation from polybrominated diphenyl ethers to PBDD/Fs. Theoretical calculations were performed and demonstrated that elimination of HBr and Br_2 from polybrominated diphenyl ethers were the dominant formation pathways for PBDD/Fs. These pathways differed from that for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs).

关键词： Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran(PBDD/F) Cement kiln municipal solid waste Dioxin Formation mechanism

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Impact of municipal solid waste incineration on heavy metals in the surrounding soils by multivariate analysis and lead isotope analysis

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第8期31卷 47-56页

作者： Yang Li Hua Zhang Liming Shao Xiaoli Zhou Pinjing He State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation Tongji University Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Centre for the Technology Research and Training on Household Waste in Small Towns & Rural Area Ministry of Housing Urban-Rural Development

municipal solid waste(MSW) incineration has become an important anthropogenic source of heavy metals(HMs) to the environment. However, assessing the impact of MSW incineration on HMs in the environment, especially soils, can be a challenging task because of various HM sources. To investigate the effect of MSW incineration on HMs in soils, soil samples collected at different distances from four MSW incinerators in Shanghai, China were analyzed for their contents of eight HMs(antimony, cadmium, chromium, copper,lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc) and lead(Pb) isotope ratios. Source identification and apportionment of HMs were accomplished using principal component analysis and Pb isotope analysis. Results indicated that the relatively high contents of cadmium, lead,antimony, and zinc in the soils at 250 m and 750–1250 m away from the MSW incinerators were related to MSW incineration, while the elevated contents of the other four HMs were associated with other anthropogenic activities. Based on Pb isotope analysis, the contribution ratio of MSW incineration(which had been operated for more than 14 years)to the accumulation of Pb in soil was approximately 10% on average, which was lower than coal combustion only. Incinerator emissions of Pb could have a measurable effect on the soil contamination within a limited area(≤1500 m).

关键词： municipal solid waste incineration Soils Heavy metals Source identification Pb isotope ratios

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Enhancement of municipal sludge dewaterability by electrochemical pretreatment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 98-104页

作者： Ke Xiao Jianping Deng Li Zeng Tao Guo Yan Gong Bo Yang Xu Zhao Huabo Duan College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation Shenzhen University State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Smart City Research Institute College of Civil Engineering Shenzhen University

Electrolysis is a promising technology to improve sludge dewaterability efficiently with negligible environmental impact. To intensify the electrolytic efficiency, the effect of electrolytes(NaCl, Na_2SO_4, NaNO_3, and NaClO_4) on electrolysis pretreatment of municipal sludge and its mechanisms was investigated using Ti/PbO_2 electrodes. The electrolytes,which enhanced the production of oxidative radicals, showed a significant synergetic effect in reducing the capillary suction time(CST) of sludge. NaCl was distinguished from the other electrolytes since it formed a large amount of active chlorine species, which oxidized the sludge cells to improve the sludge dewaterability. The surface morphologies as well as the soluble proteins and polysaccharides were analyzed to unravel the underlying mechanisms of sludge dewaterability. Additionally, an economic assessment showed that NaCl addition in the electrolysis pretreatment can be a suitable technique for enhancing municipal sludge dewaterability.

关键词： municipal sludge Dewaterability Electrolysis Electrolyte Oxidative radical

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Integrated utilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and bottom ash for preparation of foam glass-ceramics

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Rare Metals 2019年第10期38卷 914-921页

作者： Bo Liu Qiang-Wei Yang Shen-Gen Zhang Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing

For the purpose of solid waste co-disposal and heavy metal stabilization,foam glass-ceramics were produced by using municipal solid waste incineration(MWSI)bottom ash and fly ash as main raw materials,calcium carbonate(CaCO3) as foamer and sodium phosphate(Na3PO4) as foam stabilizer.The influences of the raw material composition,foaming temperature and foaming time on the properties were investigated.Porosity,bulk density,mechanical property and leaching of heavy metals were analyzed accordingly.The product,foamed at 1150℃ for 30 min with 14% fly ash and 74% bottom ash,exhibits excellent comprehensive properties,such as high porosity(76.03%),low bulk density(0.67 g·cm-3) and high compressive strength(10.56 MPa).Moreover,the amount of leaching heavy metals,including Cr,Pb,Cu,Cd and Ni,in foam glass-ceramics is significantly lower than that of the US EPA hazardous waste thresholds.This study not only realizes the integrated utilization of bottom ash and fly ash,but also addresses a new strategy for obtaining foam glass-ceramics.

关键词： municipal solid waste incineration ash Foamglass-ceramics Mechanical properties Stabilization

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Effect of intracellular water release on hydro-mechanical behaviors of high kitchen waste content municipal solid waste

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2019年第11期62卷 1907-1915页

作者： XU XiaoBing NI Da CHEN YunMin XU Hui YANG QinFeng XU SiFa Institute of Geotechnical Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering Institute of Geotechnical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Civil Engineering&Architecture Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018China The Architectural Design&Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co.Ltd Hangzhou 310028China

The release of intracellular water during degradation process contributes to the great leachate production and settlement of landfilled high kitchen waste content MSW(HKWC-MSW). An oven-drying and absorbent-paper combined method was proposed to measure the intracellular and interparticle water contents of HKWC-MSW. Two degradation experiments were carried out to study the release process of intracellular water and its effect on the hydro-mechanical behaviors of HKWC-MSW.It was found that the two degradation experiments showed similar degradation behaviors with BOD/COD decreasing with time in the early stage. In the first degradation experiment, most intracellular water was released during the first two months, and the degradation of degradable matter in kitchen waste(KW) was much slower than the release process of intracellular water. The particle size became smaller and the overall grain specific gravity increased during the fast release process of intracellular water.In the second degradation experiment, after two-year degradation, the total leachate production was about 45.2% of the initial wet weight of HKWC-MSW specimen. Water retention capacity θ_f increased from 0.23 to 0.58 during 1–69 d, which might be caused by the decrease of particle size and compression of waste skeleton. As almost all the intracellular water was released after 80-day degradation, during the latter stage of leachate drainage under gravity, θ_f decreased and was close to the total volumetric water content. The total compression strain was about 0.39. The secondary compression strain during 1–80 d(i.e., about 0.07)was considered to be mainly resulted by the release of intracellular water and the subsequent drainage of leachate, and it accounted for about 22.6% of the total secondary compression strain.

关键词： municipal solid waste landfill degradation intracellular water particle size grain specific gravity water retention capacity settlement

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Simulation analysis of municipal solid waste pyrolysis and gasification based on Aspen plus

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Frontiers in Energy 2019年第1期13卷 64-70页

作者： Na DENG Dongyan LI Qiang ZHANG Awen ZHANG Rongchang CAI Biting ZHANG School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China MOE Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy Tianjin 300350China Tianjin University Research Institute of Architectural Design&Urban Planning Tianjin 300072China

To predict and analyze the municipal solid waste(MSW)pyrolysis and gasification process in an updraft fixed bed more veritably and appropriately,numerical modeling based on Gibbs energy minimization was executed using the Aspen plus software.The RYield module was combined with the RGibbs module to describe the pyrolysis section,while the RGibbs module was used for the gasification section individually.The proposed model was used to forecast and analyze the target performance parameters including syngas composition,lower heating value(LHV)and carbon conversion rate under different conditions of the gasification temperatures,and ratios and types of gasifying agents.The results indicate that there is a good agreement between the experimental data and the simulated data obtained using this model.The predicted optimum gasification temperature is approximately 750°C,and the best ratio of water vapor as gasifying agent is around 0.4.The mixture of flue gas and water vapor has an economical and recycled prospect among four commonly used gasifying agents.

关键词： municipal solid waste(MSW) pyrolysis gasification Aspen plus simulation

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Co-combustion of municipal solid waste and coal gangue in a circulating fluidized bed combustor

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2019年第2期6卷 218-224页

作者： Jianguang Qin Ruidong Zhao Tianju Chen Zhongyue Zi Jinhu Wu Key Laboratory of Biofuel Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266101 China

Mixed incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) in existing coal gangue power plant is a potentially highefficiency and low-cost MSW disposal way. In this paper, the co-combustion and pollutants emission characteristic of MSW and coal gangue was investigated in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustor. The effect of MSW blend ratio, bed temperature and excess air ratio was detailedly studied. The results show the NOX and HC1 emission increases with the increasing MSW blend ratio and the SO2 emission decreases. With the increase of bed temperature, the CO emission decreases while the NOX and SO2 emission increases. The HC1 emission is nearly stable in the temperature range of 850-950℃. The increase of excess air ratio gradually increases the NOX emission but has no significant effect on the SO2 emission. The HC1 emission firstly increases and then decreases with the increase of excess air ratio. For a typical CFB operating condition with excess air ratio of 1.4, bed temperature of 900℃ and MSW blend ratio of 10%, the original CO, NOX, SO2 and HC1 emissions are 52, 181, 3373 and 58 mg/Nm^3 respectively.

关键词： municipal solid waste Coal gangue Co-combustion Circulating fluidized bed

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Physical and mechanical properties of municipal solid waste incineration residues with cement and coal fly ash using X-ray Computed Tomography scanners

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019年第3期13卷 640-652页

作者： Toshifumi MUKUNOKI Ta Thi HOAI Daisuke FUKUSHIMA Teppei KOMIYA Takayuki SHIMAOKA Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Graduate School of Kumamoto UniversityKumamoto city 860-8555Japan Graduate school of Science and Technology Kumamoto UniversityKumamoto city 860-8555Japan Faculty of Geology VNU University of ScienceVietnam National University Hanoi334 Nguyen TraiHanoiVietnam Water and Material Cycles System Faculty of EngineeringKyushu UniversityFukuoka city 819-0395Japan

A significant volume of municipal Solid Waste incineration bottom ash and fly ash (i.e.,incineration residues) are commonly disposed as landfill.Meanwhile,reclamation of landfill sites to create a new land space after their closure becomes an important goal in the current fewer and fewer land availability scenario in many narrow countries.The objective of this study is to reclaim incineration residue materials in the landfill site by using cement and coal fly ash as stabilizers aiming at performing quality check as new developed materials before future construction.Indeed,physical and mechanical properties of these new materials should be initially examined at the micro scale,which is the primary fundamental for construction at larger scale.This research examines quantitative influences of using the combination of cement and coal fly ash at different ratio on the internal structure and ability of strength enhancement of incineration residues when suffering from loading.Couple of industrial and micro-focus X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanners combined with an image analysis technique were utilized to characterize and visualize the behavior and internal structure of the incineration residues-cement-coal fly ash mixture under the series of unconfined compression test and curing period effect.Nine types of cement solidified incineration residues in term of different curing period (i.e.,7,14,28 days) and coal fly ash addition content (i.e.,0%,9%,18%) were scanned before and after unconfined compression tests.It was shown that incineration residues solidified by cement and coal fly ash showed an increase in compression strength and deformation modulus with curing time and coal fly ash content.Three-dimension computed tomography images observation and analysis confirmed that solidified incineration residues including incineration bottom and fly ash as well as cement and coal fly ash have the deliquescent materials.Then,it was studied that stabilized parts play a more important role than spatial void distribution in i

关键词： mechanical property municipal solid waste incineration residues coal fly ash unconfined compression test image analysis X-Ray Computed Tomography scanners

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Multiscale multiphysics modeling in geotechnical engineering

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2023年第1期24卷 1-5页

作者： Zhenyu YIN Qi ZHANG Farid LAOUAFA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks(INERIS) Verneuil-en-HalatteFrance

1 Introduction For geotechnical engineering,numerous applications involve multiscale and multiphysics processes,such as internal erosion,hydraulic fracturing,energy piles,municipal waste disposal,production from unconventional oil and gas reservoirs,heat stimulation and depressurization of natural gas hydrate formation,pavement subjected to heating-cooling cycles.

关键词： reservoirs disposal municipal

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Toward separation at source: Evolution of municipal Solid Waste management in China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第2期14卷 1-3页

作者： Jianguo Liu Shuyao Yu Yixuan Shang School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

municipal Solid Waste(MSW)management in China has been transitioning from a mixed collection and treatment system to a separated collection and treatment system.The continuous rise of MSW treatment capacity and the optimization of technology structure provided basic facility support for China to promote MSW separation at source.China preferred a four-type separation system.Regulated recycling should be enhanced to improve the efficiency and sustainability of recycling industry.As food waste is the main composition of MSW in China,20%-30%of the food waste diversion and land application could maximize the comprehensive environmental performance.Incineration is to be the pillar technology in MSW separated treatment system in China.

关键词： municipal Solid Waste Separation at source Recycling Biological treatment Incineration

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