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multiphasic scaffolds for the repair of osteochondral defects:Outcomes of preclinical studies

Bioactive Materials 2023年第9期27卷 505-545页

作者： Rouyan Chen Jasmine Sarah Pye Jiarong Li Christopher B.Little Jiao Jiao Li Kolling Institute Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyNSW2065Australia School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Faculty of SciencesEngineering and TechnologyThe University of AdelaideSA5005Australia School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ITUniversity of Technology SydneyNSW2007Australia

Osteochondral defects are caused by injury to both the articular cartilage and subchondral bone within skeletal joints. They can lead to irreversible joint damage and increase the risk of progression to osteoarthritis. Current treatments for osteochondral injuries are not curative and only target symptoms, highlighting the need for a tissue engineering solution. Scaffold-based approaches can be used to assist osteochondral tissue regeneration, where biomaterials tailored to the properties of cartilage and bone are used to restore the defect and minimise the risk of further joint degeneration. This review captures original research studies published since 2015, on multiphasic scaffolds used to treat osteochondral defects in animal models. These studies used an extensive range of biomaterials for scaffold fabrication, consisting mainly of natural and synthetic polymers. Different methods were used to create multiphasic scaffold designs, including by integrating or fabricating multiple layers, creating gradients, or through the addition of factors such as minerals, growth factors, and cells. The studies used a variety of animals to model osteochondral defects, where rabbits were the most commonly chosen and the vast majority of studies reported small rather than large animal models. The few available clinical studies reporting cell-free scaffolds have shown promising early-stage results in osteochondral repair, but long-term follow-up is necessary to demonstrate consistency in defect restoration. Overall, preclinical studies of multiphasic scaffolds show favourable results in simultaneously regenerating cartilage and bone in animal models of osteochondral defects, suggesting that biomaterials-based tissue engineering strategies may be a promising solution.

关键词： Osteochondral defects Tissue engineering multiphasic scaffolds Biomaterials Animal models

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Transforming layered 2D mats into multiphasic 3D nanofiber scaffolds with tailored gradient features for tissue regeneration

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BMEMat(BioMedical Engineering Materials) 2024年第1期2卷 160-179页

作者： S.M.Shatil Shahriar Navatha Shree Polavoram Syed Muntazir Andrabi Yajuan Su Donghee Lee Huy Quang Tran Samantha J.Schindler Jingwei Xie Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary&Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program College of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases College of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Nebraska LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA

multiphasic scaffolds with tailored gradient features hold significant promise for tissue regeneration applications. Herein, this work reports the transformation of two-dimensional (2D) layered fiber mats into three-dimensional (3D) multiphasic scaffolds using a ‘solids-of-revolution’ inspired gas-foaming expansion technology. These scaffolds feature precise control over fiber alignment, pore size, and regional structure. Manipulating nanofiber mat layers and Pluronic F127 concentrations allows further customization of pore size and fiber alignment within different scaffold regions. The cellular response to multiphasic scaffolds demonstrates that the number of cells migrated and proliferated onto the scaffolds is mainly dependent on the pore size rather than fiber alignment. In vivo subcutaneous implantation of multiphasic scaffolds to rats reveals substantial cell infiltration, neo tissue formation, collagen deposition, and new vessel formation within scaffolds, greatly surpassing the capabilities of traditional nanofiber mats. Histological examination indicates the importance of optimizing pore size and fiber alignment for the promotion of cell infiltration and tissue regeneration. Overall, these scaffolds have potential applications in tissue modeling, studying tissue-tissue interactions, interface tissue engineering, and highthroughput screening for optimized tissue regeneration.

关键词： expansion gradients multiphasic scaffolds nanofiber mats tissue regeneration

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