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Anonymous multipath routing protocol based on secret sharing in mobile ad hoc networks

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2011年第3期22卷 519-527页

作者： Siguang Chen Meng Wu College of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003P.R.China College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003P.R.China

Because the intrinsic characteristics of mobile ad hoc networks（MANETs） cause several vulnerabilities,anonymous routing protocols attract much more attention in secure mobile ad hoc networks for the purposes of security and privacy concerns.Until recently,lots of anonymous routing protocols have been proposed.However,most of them are single path or use one path at a time,and the multipath schemes can not thwart both the passive attacks and active attacks simultaneously.Thus an anonymous multipath routing protocol based on secret sharing is proposed.The protocol provides identity anonymity,location anonymity,data and traffic anonymity by employing cryptograph technology and secret sharing in MANET communication process.Meanwhile,a hash function is introduced to detect active attacks in the data transmission process.The protocol can effectively thwart various passive attacks and reduce the successful probability of active attacks（such as interception and physical destroy attacks）.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides a reasonably good level of network security and performance.

关键词： multipath routing secret sharing cryptography anonymity security mobile ad hoc network（MANET）.

Improved multipath routing with WNN for the open networks

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2008年第2期15卷 107-113页

作者： WANG Yang WANG Ru-chuan CHENG Xi Depamnent of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University ofPosts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210003 China College of Mathematics and Computer Science Anhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241000 China College of Computer Science Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China

multipath routing mechanism is vital for reliable packet delivery, load balance, and flexibility in the open network because its topology is dynamic and the nodes have limited capability. This article proposes a new multipath switch approach based on traffic prediction according to some characteristics of open networks. We use wavelet neural network （WNN） to predict the node traffic because the method has not only good approximation property of wavelet, but also self-learning adaptive quality of neural network. When the traffic prediction indicates that the primary path is a failure, the alternate path will be occupied promptly according to the switch strategy, which can save time for the switch in advance The simulation results show that the presented traffic prediction model has better prediction accuracy; and the approach based on the above model can balance network load, prolong network lifetime, and decrease the overall energy consumption of the network.

关键词： open network multipath routing traffic prediction,WNN

Energy-Efficient routing Algorithm Based on multipath routing in Large-Scale Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第8期68卷 2029-2039页

作者： Haijun Geng Qidong Zhang Jiangyuan Yao Wei Wang Zikun Jin Han Zhang Yangyang Zhang School of Computer and Information Technology Shanxi UniversityShanxi030006China School of Computer Science and Cyberspace Security Hainan UniversityHaikou570228China School of Cyber Space and Technology Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China College of Engineering Northeastern University Boston02115MAUSA

A reduction in network energy consumption and the establishment of green networks have become key scientific problems in academic and industrial research.Existing energy efficiency schemes are based on a known traffic matrix,and acquiring a real-time traffic matrix in current complex networks is difficult.Therefore,this research investigates how to reduce network energy consumption without a real-time traffic matrix.In particular,this paper proposes an intra-domain energy-efficient routing scheme based on multipath routing.It analyzes the relationship between routing availability and energy-efficient routing and integrates the two mechanisms to satisfy the requirements of availability and energy efficiency.The main research focus is as follows:(1)A link criticality model is evaluated to quantitatively measure the importance of links in a network.(2)On the basis of the link criticality model,this paper analyzes an energy-efficient routing technology based on multipath routing to achieve the goals of availability and energy efficiency simultaneously.(3)An energy-efficient routing algorithm based on multipath routing in large-scale networks is proposed.(4)The proposed method does not require a real-time traffic matrix in the network and is thus easy to apply in practice.(5)The proposed algorithm is verified in several network topologies.Experimental results show that the algorithm can not only reduce network energy consumption but can also ensure routing availability.

关键词： Energy-efficient routing multipath routing link criticality model energy-saving ratio large-scale network

Adaptive-atom whale optimization algorithm using autonomous mobile ad hoc network for energy-efficient multipath routing

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2020年第6期11卷 1-22页

作者： Suresh R.Halhalli B.N.Jagdale Shounak Rushikesh Sugave Electronics Engineering M.S.Bidve Engineering College LaturIndia School of CET Dr.Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University PuneIndia

Mobile ad hoc network(MANET)consists of a group of self-operated mobile nodes that form a network without considering predefined infrastructure.In the network,each node poses less energy due to battery-operated sensor nodes.Numerous methods are devised for routing,but each method suffered from the energy constraint.This paper proposes an energy-efficient multipath routing protocol for exploiting different routes between source and destination to mitigate energy constraints.The key idea is to determine the optimal path from a set of paths available between the source and the target node.To improve the security in routing protocol,the factors,like energy,trust,and mobility are considered as major components.Here,the trust is modeled by considering trust factors,like average encounter rate(AER),successful cooperation frequency(SCF),direct trust,integrity factor,and forwarding rate factor.Moreover,secure routing is performed between the nodes using the proposed Adaptive-Atom Whale Optimization algorithm(AdaptiveAWOA).The proposed (Adaptive-AWOA)is designed by incorporating the Adaptive concept in the Atom Whale Optimization algorithm(AWOA).The fitness function is newly modeled considering mobility,energy,and trust factors.The proposed AdaptiveAWOA outperformed the other methods with a minimal end-to-end delay of 0.009,maximal throughput of 85.802%and maximal packet delivery ratio(PDR)of 97.391%,respectively.

关键词： MANET energy multipath routing trust mobility

Interference-Aware multipath routing Protocol for QoS Improvement in Event-Driven Wireless Sensor Networks

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2011年第5期16卷 475-490页

作者： Marjan Radi Behnam Dezfouli Kamalrulnizam Abu Bakar Shukor Abd Razak Mohammad Ali Nematbakhsh Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Computer Engineering University of Isfahan

The existing multipath routing protocols for wireless sensor networks demonstrate the efficacy of traffic distribution over multiple paths to fulfill the Quality of Service （QoS） requirements of different applications. However, the performance of these protocols is highly affected by the characteristics of the wireless channel and may be even inferior to the performance of single-path approaches. Specifically, when multiple adjacent paths are being used concurrently, the broadcast nature of wireless channels results in inter-path interference which significantly degrades end-to-end throughput. In this paper, we propose a Low- Interference Energy-efficient multipath routing protocol （LIEMRO） to improve the QoS requirements of event-driven applications. In addition, in order to optimize resource utilization over the established paths, LIEMRO employs a quality-based load balancing algorithm to regulate the amount of traffic injected into the paths. The performance gain of LIEMRO compared to the ETX-based single-path routing protocol is 85%, 80%, and 25% in terms of data delivery ratio, end-to-end throughput, and network lifetime, respectively. Furthermore, the end-to-end latency is improved more than 60%.

关键词： LIEMRO QoS load balancing interference multipath routing event-driven

Rate allocation strategies for energy-efficient multipath routing in Ad-hoc networks towards B3G

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2007年第2期14卷 84-88页

作者： ZHAN Song-tao XU Guo-xin Wireless Technologies Innovation Institute Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication Ministry of Education Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China

Wireless mobile Ad-hoc network is a special network that all nodes can serf-organize and work together. It is flexible to form a network and extend the coverage area dynamically without infrastructure, so Ad-hoc network is envisioned as cornerstones of future generation networking technologies （B3G or 4（3）. However, the dynamic network topology makes the communication cost not only the energy of source/destination nodes, but also the relay nodes. Another problem of the Ad-hoc network is it is hard to provide a stable and persistent quality of service （QoS）, which is strongly required by the beyond 3rd generation （B3G） system. In this article, the authors establish a scenario that contains B3G cellular base station and Ad-hoc mobile nodes, and propose two algorithms minimum incremental rate algorithm and power feed-back rate allocation algorithm in multipath routing. The algorithms can maintain a constant total transmission rate and bit error ratio （BER） to provide the QoS guarantee and reach the minimum power consumption of the relay nodes by adjusting the rate of each path in the multipath routing.

关键词： Ad-hoc network B3G multipath routing energy consumption QoS

Energy-efficient multipath routing in wireless sensor network considering wireless interference

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2011年第1期9卷 127-132页

作者： Li, Shujiang Ma, Xin Wang, Xiangdong Tan, Minghao School of Information Science and Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang Liaoning 110870 China Qinhuangdao Audio-Visual Machinery Research Institute Qinhuangdao Hebei 066000 China

Due to the energy and resource constraints of a wireless sensor node in a wireless sensor network (WSN), design of energy-efficient multipath routing protocols is a crucial concern for WSN applications. To provide high-quality monitoring information, many WSN applications require high-rate data transmission. multipath routing protocols are often used to increase the network transmission rate and throughput. Although large-scale WSN can be supported by high bandwidth backbone network, the WSN remains the bottleneck due to resource constraints of wireless sensors and the effects of wireless interference. In this paper, we propose a multipath energy-efficient routing protocol for WSN that considers wireless interference. In the proposed routing protocol, nodes in the interference zone of the discovered path are marked and not allowed to take part in the subsequent routing process. In this way, the quality of wireless communication is improved because the effects of wireless interference can be reduced as much as possible. The network load is distributed on multiple paths instead of concentrating on only one path, and node energy cost is more balanced for the entire wireless network. The routing protocol is simulated in NS2 software. Simulation result shows that the proposed routing protocol achieves lower energy cost and longer network lifetime than that in the literature.

关键词： Energy efficiency Wireless sensor network multipath routing Wireless interference

SECURE multipath routing BASED ON SECRET SHARING IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

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SECURE MULTIPATH ROUTING BASED ON SECRET SHARING IN MOBILE A...

PBRM:Position-based Reliable multipath routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2009 IEEE International Conference on Network Infrastructure and Digital Content（IC-NIDC 2009）

作者： Siguang Chen Meng Wu College of Computer College of overseas Education Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing China

It is a challenge to thwart both the passive attacks and active attacks in mobile ad hoc networks for their unique characteristics.The improvement of security often sacrifices the delivery rate or other QoS.We propose secure multipath routing scheme based on modified secret sharing as an effective mechanism to protect data confidentiality and simultaneously enhance data delivery rate in mobile ad hoc networks.The scheme is based on multipath route finding algorithm,modified secret sharing scheme,cryptography and optimization technology.Simulation results show that our scheme provides a reasonably good level of security and delivery rate.

关键词： multipath routing secret sharing cryptography optimization security MANET

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PBRM:Position-based Reliable Multipath Routing in Mobile Ad ...