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Iron Speciation of mud Breccia from the Dushanzi mud Volcano in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,NW China

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第6期92卷 2201-2213页

作者： XU Wang ZHENG Guodong MA Xiangxian Danielle FORTIN David R.HILTON LIANG Shouyun CHEN Zhi HU Guoyi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources ResearchInstitute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Ottawa25 Templeton St.OttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093-0244USA Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China(Lanzhou University) Ministry of EducationLanzhou 730000China CEA Key Laboratory of Earthquake Prediction(Institute of Earthquake Forecasting) China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100036China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China

Organic-inorganic interactions occurring in petroleum-related mud volcanoes can help predict the chemical processes that are responsible for methane emissions to the atmosphere. Seven samples of mud breccia directly ejected from one crater were collected in the Dushanzi mud volcano, along with one argillite sample of the original reddish host rocks distal from the crater, for comparison purposes. The mineral and chemical compositions as well as iron species of all samples were determined using XRD, XRF and M?ssbauer spectroscopy, respectively. The results indicate that a series of marked reactions occurred in the mud volcano systems, more specifically in the mud breccia when compared to the original rocks. Changes mainly included:(1) some conversion of clay minerals from smectite into chlorite and illite, and the precipitation of secondary carbonate minerals such as calcite and siderite;(2) silicon depletion and significant elemental enrichment of iron, manganese, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus; and(3) transformation of iron from ferric species in hematite and smectite into ferrous species in siderite, chlorite and illite. These geochemical reactions likely induced the color changes of the original reddish Neogene argillite to the gray or black mud breccia, as a result of reduction of elements and/or alteration of minerals associated with the oxidation of hydrocarbons. Our results also suggest that greenhouse gases emitted from the mud volcanoes are lowered through a series of methane oxidation reactions and carbon fixation(i.e., through carbonate precipitation).

关键词： mud volcano mud breccias iron species organic-inorganic interactions greenhouse gas

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