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Rheology and lubricity characteristics study at different temperatures using synthesized SnO_(2) nanoparticles in KCl free bentonite water base mud

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Petroleum Research 2023年第4期8卷 541-549页

作者： A.B.M.Ariful Bari Khandaker Nayem Ahmed Md Saiful Alam Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhet3114Bangladesh Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering Jashore University of Science and TechnologyJashore7408Bangladesh

Drilling mud is a major concerning element due to its high operational and economic impact on the drilling process.Various additives are introduced to enhance the efficiency of drilling fluid,but none of them could perfectly achieve their proposed efficacy in drilling operations.Researchers conceived several nanoparticles(NPs)in drilling fluid to dissolve this issue.In a singular instance,commercial tin oxide(SnO_(2))nanoparticles were utilized to analyze the influence of NPs on the rheological and filtration properties of inorganic KCl salt-based drilling fluid.However,the effect of SnO_(2) NPs on mud lubricity characteristics is not studied previously.However,due to the hazardous behavior of KCl,its use is very limited.Thus,we consider a KCl-free bentonite water-based mud to avoid any environmental damages from drilling operations.We also use SnO_(2) NPs that is synthesized in our laboratory by co-precipitation method.In addition to rheological and filtration properties,we also investigate the effect of NPs on mud's lubricity that was not considered in the previous study.Drilling fluid properties are measured at five different NPs concentrations of 0.10,0.25,0.50,0.75&1.0 wt%,and at six different temperatures of 30,40,50,60,70,and 80°C,while filtration properties are measured using API low-pressure low temperature(LPLT)condition.The addition of 0.1 wt%SnO_(2) NPs increases plastic viscosity,yield point,10 s gel strength,and 10 min gel strength by 10%,63%,20%,and 14%,respectively.The maximum reduction in lubricity coefficient is found to be 14%at NPs concentration of 1.0 wt%.The NPs concentration of 0.5 wt%yielded a reduction in fluid loss and mud cake thickness by 8.1%and 34%,respectively.The study suggests that SnO_(2) NPs can be employed as an additive to improve the rheology,lubricity,and filtration properties of KCl-free bentonite water-based drilling mud.

关键词： mud Rheology Lubricity Tin oxide Nanoparticles KCl

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Wellbore stability analysis to determine the safe mud weight window for sandstone layers

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2019年第5期46卷 1031-1038页

作者： DARVISHPOUR Ayoub CHERAGHI SEIFABAD Masoud WOOD David Anthony GHORBANI Hamzeh Department of Mining Engineering Isfahan University of TechnologyIsfahan ***Iran DWA Energy Limited LincolnLN59JPUnited Kingdom Southern Oil Fields National Iranian Oil CompanyTeheran ***Iran

The wellbore stability of a vertical well through the sandstone reservoir layers of the Asmari oil-bearing formation in south-west Iran is investigated.The safe drilling-fluid density range for maintaining wellbore stability is determined and simulated using FLAC3 D software and a finite volume model established with drilled strata geomechanical features.The initiation of plastic condition is used to determine the safe mud weight window(SMWW)in specific sandstone layers.The effects of rock strength parameters,major stresses around the wellbore and pore pressure on the SMWW are investigated for this wellbore.Sensitivity analysis reveals that a reduction in cohesion and internal friction angle values leads to a significant narrowing of the SMWW.On the other hand,the reduction of pore pressure and the ratio between maximum and minimum horizontal stresses causes the SMWW to widen significantly.The ability to readily quantify changes in SMWW indicates that the developed model is suitable as a well planning and monitoring tool.

关键词： wellbore stability wellbore geomechanical property safe mud weight window wellbore instability risk factors drilling stress simulation

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Investigation of the medium calcium based non-burnt brick made by red mud and fly ash: durability and hydration characteristics

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第8期26卷 983-991页

作者： Ying-tang Xu Bo Yang Xiao-ming Liu Shuai Gao Dong-sheng Li Emile Mukiza Hua-jian Li State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Railway Engineering Research Institute China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation LimitedBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of High Speed Railway Track Technology Beijing 100081China

Red mud is a type of highly alkaline waste residue produced in the process of alumina smelting by the Bayer process.Based on the idea of medium calcium content,solid wastes such as red mud and fly ash were used to prepare non-burnt bricks;and the mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 was selected in the range of 0.88–1.42.Mechanical properties and durability were investigated with a compressive strength test.X-ray diffractometry(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)techniques were used to characterize the hydration characteristic.The environmental performance was analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP).The results indicated that the mechanical properties and the durability were optimal when the mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 was 1.23.The hydration products were mostly C–S–H gel,ettringite,Na4Ca(Si10All6)O32·12H2O and Ca3Al2(SiO4)(OH)8.They were responsible for the strength development,and the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio of 1.23 had the best polymerized structure.The results of an environmental performance test showed that the heavy metals in the raw materials were well-solidified in the brick.Therefore,this paper provides an effective solution for use of solid wastes in building material.

关键词： medium calcium content red mud fly ash non-burnt brick

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Complementation in the composition of steel slag and red mud for preparation of novel ceramics

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2018年第9期25卷 1010-1017页

作者： Yan-bing Zong Wen-hui Chen Yong Fan Tai-lin Yang Zhao-bo Liu Da-qiang Cang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Institute of Iron and Steel Technology TU Bergakademie FreibergFreiberg 09599Germany Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan China Nonferrous Engineering and Research Institute(China ENFI Engineering Corporation) Beijing 100038China

A method for preparing novel ceramics was developed in this study. Different ratios red muds were added to steel slags to optimize the preparation of novel ceramics by a traditional ceramic preparation process. The sintering mechanism, microstructure, and performance were studied by X-ray diffraction techniques, scanning electron microscopy, and combined experiments of linear shrinkage, water absorption, and flexural strength. The results confirmed that red mud can reduce the volumetric instabilities through the complementarity of red mud and ferroalloy slag. The crystal phases in the ceramics are all pyroxene group minerals, including diopside ferrian, augite, and diopside. The flexural strength of the ceramic that contains 40 wt% red mud and was prepared at the optimal sintering temperature(1140°C) is greater than 93 MPa; its corresponding water absorption is less than 0.05%.

关键词： ceramics steel slag red mud flexural strength

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Application of P507 and isooctanol extraction system in recovery of scandium from simulated red mud leach solution

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Journal of Rare Earths 2019年第9期37卷 1002-1008,I0005页

作者： Chuanying Liu Li Chen Ji Chen Dan Zou Yuefeng Deng Deqian Li State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China

The current recovery technique of Sc was complicated and the chemical consumption was high,This was due to the low content of Sc in resources and the difficulty of stripping.In this research,the isooctanol was added into the 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester(P507)extraction system to reduce the extraction and improve the stripping of Sc.The maximum stripping ratio of Sc from loaded organic phase by sulfuric acid can increase from 10%(without isooctanol)to 99%(with 15 vol%isooctanol).In the extraction test of the simulated red mud leaching liquor,the separation factors between Sc and Zr,Sc and Ti are 36 and 350,separately.At the same time,other metals are almost not extracted.The high selectivity and stripping of Sc suggest that the P507 with isooctanol extraction system can be applied in the practical Sc recovery process.

关键词： Solvent extraction Scandium recovery Isooctanol Red mud Rare earths

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Corrosion behavior and mechanism of the automotive hot-dip galvanized steel with alkaline mud adhesion

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2009年第4期16卷 414-421页

作者： Hong Zhang Xiao-gang Li Cui-wei Du Hui-bin Qi School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Institute of Welding and Surface Technology Baoshan Iron ＆ Steel Co. Ltd. Shanghai 201900 China

The corrosion behavior and mechanism of hot-dip galvanized steel and interstitial-free （IF） substrate with alkaline mud adhesion were investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）, and linear polarization. The results show that non-uniform corrosion occurs on the galvanized steel and IF substrate during 250 h with the mud adhesion. The corrosion products on the galvanized steel are very loose and porous, which are mainly ZnO, Zn5（OH）8C12·H2O and Zn（OH）2, and Fe-Zn alloy layer with a lower corrosion rate is exposed on the galvanized steel surface; however, the corrosion products on IF substrate are considerably harder and denser, whose compositions of rust are mainly FeOOH and Fe3O4, and several pits appear on their surface. The results of continuous EIS and linear polarization measurements exhibit a corrosion mechanism, that is, under activation control, the charge transfer resistances present different tendencies between the galvanized steel and IF substrate; in addition, the evolution of linear polarization resistances is similar to that of charge transfer resistances. The higher contents of dissolved oxygen and Cl^- ions in the mud play an important role in accelerating the corrosion.

关键词： corrosion mechanism galvanized steel interstitial-free （IF） steel mud adhesion

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Durability and microstructure analysis of the road base material prepared from red mud and flue gas desulfurization fly ash

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2020年第4期27卷 555-568页

作者： Emile Mukiza Ling-ling Zhang Xiao-ming Liu School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The present study aimed to investigate the durability and microstructure evolution of road base materials(RBM)prepared from red mud and flue gas desulfurization fly ash.The durability testing showed that the strength of RBM with the blast furnace slag addition of 1wt%,3wt%and 5wt%reached 3.81,4.87,and 5.84 MPa after 5 freezing–thawing(F–T)cycles and reached 5.21,5.75,and 6.98 MPa after 20 weting–drying(W–D)cycles,respectively.The results also indicated that hydration products were continuously formed even during W–D and F–T exposures,resulting in an increase of the strength and durability of RBM.The observed increase of macropores(>1μm)after F–T and W–D exposures suggested that the mechanism of RBM deterioration is pore enlargement due to cracks that develop inside their matrix.Moreover,the F–T exposure showed a greater negative effect on the durability of RBM compared to the W–D exposure.The leaching tests showed that sodium and heavy metals were solidified below the minimum requirement,which indicates that these wastes are suitable for use as a natural material replacement in road base construction.

关键词： red mud road base material durability microstructure damage mechanism

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East Asia Winter Monsoon changes inferred from environmentally sensitive grain-size component records during the last 2300 years in mud area southwest off Cheju Island,ECS

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第6期49卷 604-614页

作者： Yoshiki Saito Geological Survey of Japan Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8567 Japan

Environmentally sensitive grain-size component (ESGSC) extracted from grain-size data of a sediment core B2, which were retrieved from mud area southwest off Cheju Island (MACI), East China Sea (ECS), can be used to indicate the variations of East Asia Winter Monsoon (EAWM), with high (low) content/mean-size of ESGCS denote to strong (weak) EAWM. Combined with AMS14C datings core B2 provides a continuous high-resolution record of EAWM changes over the past 2300 years, with an average resolution of 13 years. The results show that the variations of EAWM are con-sistent with temperature changes inferred from historical documents in eastern China over the past 2300 years, from which four climate stages may be identified. In stages before 1900 aBP (50 AD) and 1450―780 aBP (50―1170 AD) the EAWM were comparatively weak, corresponding to warm climate periods in eastern China, respectively. And in stages of 1900―1450 aBP (50―500 AD) and 780―219 aBP (1170―1731 AD) the EAWM were strongly developed, which correspond well to climate changes of two cold periods in eastern China. It is also shown from this study that the stage at 780―219 aBP (1170―1731 AD) was the coldest climate period during the last 2300 years and could be, therefore, related to the Little Ice Age (LIA). Climatic fluctuations appeared obviously in all the four stages, and two climate events of abrupt changes from warm to cold occurred at around 1900 aBP (50 AD) and 780 aBP (1170 AD), of which the latter is probably related to globe-scale changes of atmospheric circulation at that time.

关键词： East China Sea, mud area, environmentally sensitive grain-size component, East Asia Winter Monsoon, Little Ice Age, Late Holocene.

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Instability of the interface in two-layer flows with large viscosity contrast at small Reynolds numbers

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2016年第6期32卷 1031-1043页

作者： Jiebin Liu Jifu Zhou Key Laboratory for Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Engineering Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is believed to be the dominant instability mechanism for free shear flows at large Reynolds numbers. At small Reynolds numbers, a new instability mode is identified when the temporal instability of parallel viscous two fluid mixing layers is extended to current-fluid mud systems by considering a composite error function velocity profile. The new mode is caused by the large viscosity difference between the two fluids. This interfacial mode exists when the fluid mud boundary layer is sufficiently thin. Its performance is different from that of the Kelvin-Helmholtz mode. This mode has not yet been reported for interface instability problems with large viscosity contrasts. These results are essential for further stability analysis of flows relevant to the breaking up of this type of interface.

关键词： mud Interface instability Kelvin-Helmholtz instability Interfacial modes

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Tidal Asymmetry Changes in a Shallow mud Estuary by a Restoration Project

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2019年第2期18卷 339-348页

作者： LIANG Huidi KUANG Cuiping GU Jie MA Yue CHEN Kuo LIU Xu College of Civil Engineering Tongji University College of Marine Ecology and Environment Shanghai Ocean University

The tidal asymmetry-induced siltation below tidal barriers is a worldwide problem that restricts regional socio-economic and environmental development. The hydrodynamic processes of the small mud estuary also feature a high uncertainty after estuary restoration measures. In this study, a hydrodynamic model based on the MIKE21 is used to quantify the responses of tidal asymmetry to a two-phase restoration project in Shuanglong Estuary, Bohai Bay, China. According to the numerical modeling results, the tidal flat removal in the upper estuary(first-phase restoration) induces the flood asymmetry switching to the ebb asymmetry in unrestored reach but enhances flood asymmetry in widening restored reach. Although the tidal asymmetry reverts to flood-dominated pattern after full restoration over the estuary, the imbalance between flood and ebb velocities is relieved. A possible net sediment transport pattern based on a comparison of dominant asymmetric current and actual sediment transport period shows net sediments in the upper estuary and inlet transport seaward and landward, respectively, in the first-phase restoration, whereas landward net sediment transport occurs in the whole estuary under the second-phase restoration scenario. Given these results, we assume that a switch from the flood-dominated estuary to ebb-dominated estuary can be caused by redesigning the cross-sectional profile. The quantitative comparison of Lagrangian residual currents also implies that a channel–shoal structure rather than a flat bathymetry can promote the mass transport. Therefore, reshaping the channel–tidal flat system in restoration projects can prevent the sedimentation of the estuary and improve the water environment.

关键词： tidal asymmetry restoration project mud estuary net sediment transport

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