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Neural Mechanism Underlying Task-Specific Enhancement of motor learning by Concurrent Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第1期39卷 69-82页

作者： Ying Wang Jixian Wang Qing-Fang Zhang Ke-Wei Xiao Liang Wang Qing-Ping Yu Qing Xie Mu-Ming Poo Yunqing Wen Institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceKey Laboratory of Primate NeurobiologyCenter for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology Lingang LaboratoryShanghai201210China

The optimal protocol for neuromodulation by transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)remains *** the rotarod paradigm,we found that mouse motor learning was enhanced by anodal tDCS(3.2 mA/cm^(2))during but not before or after the performance of a ***-task experiments showed that motor learning enhancement was specific to the task accompanied by anodal *** using a mouse model of stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion showed that concurrent anodal tDCS restored motor learning capability in a task-specific *** in vivo Ca^(2+)imaging further showed that anodal tDCS elevated and cathodal tDCS suppressed neuronal activity in the primary motor cortex(M1).Anodal tDCS specifically promoted the activity of task-related M1 neurons during task performance,suggesting that elevated Hebbian synaptic potentiation in task-activated circuits accounts for the motor learning ***,application of tDCS concurrent with the targeted behavioral dysfunction could be an effective approach to treating brain disorders.

关键词： motor learning tDCS effect Neural mechanism of tDCS Neuronal excitability Stroke model mouse

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Treadmill Exercise Reshapes Cortical Astrocytic and Neuronal Activity to Improve motor learning Deficits Under Chronic Alcohol Exposure

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第9期40卷 1287-1298页

作者： Linglin Liu Lanzhi Luo Ji-an Wei Xintong Xu Kwok-Fai So Li Zhang Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration(Ministry of Education) Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Institute of CNS RegenerationJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China College of Life Science and Technology Jinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPok Fu LamHong Kong SARChina Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdao266113China Center for Exercise and Brain Science School of PsychologyShanghai University of SportShanghai200438China The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang453003China

Alcohol abuse induces various neurological disorders including motor learning deficits,possibly by affecting neuronal and astrocytic *** exercise is one effective approach to remediate synaptic loss and motor deficits as shown by our previous *** this study,we unrevealed the role of exercise training in the recovery of cortical neuronal and astrocytic *** a chronic alcohol injection mouse model,we found the hyperreactivity of astrocytes along with dendritic spine loss plus lower neuronal activity in the primary motor *** treadmill exercise training,on the other hand,improved neural spine formation and inhibited reactive astrocytes,alleviating motor learning deficits induced by alcohol *** data collectively support the potency of endurance exercise in the rehabilitation of motor functions under alcohol abuse.

关键词： Alcohol abuse motor learning Dendritic spine Reactive astrocyte

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O-GlcNAcylation in Ventral Tegmental Area Dopaminergic Neurons Regulates motor learning and the Response to Natural Reward

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第3期38卷 263-274页

作者： Ming-Shuo Shao Xiao Yang Chen-Chun Zhang Chang-You Jiang Ying Mao Wen-Dong Xu Lan Ma Fei-Fei Wang Departments of Neurosurgery and Hand Surgery Huashan HospitalState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Basic Medical SciencesInstitutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200032China

Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification that links environmental stimuli with changes in intracellular signal pathways,and its disturbance has been found in neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic ***,its role in the mesolimbic dopamine(DA)system,especially in the ventral tegmental area(VTA),needs to be ***,we found that injection of Thiamet G,an O-GlcNAcase(OGA)inhibitor,in the VTA and nucleus accumbens(NAc)of mice,facilitated neuronal O-GlcNAcylation and decreased the operant response to sucrose as well as the latency to fall in rotarod *** with DAergic neuron-specific knockout of O-GlcNAc transferase(OGT)displayed severe metabolic abnormalities and died within 4–8 weeks after ***,mice specifically overexpressing OGT in DAergic neurons in the VTA had learning defects in the operant response to sucrose,and impaired motor learning in the rotarod ***,overexpression of OGT in GABAergic neurons in the VTA had no effect on these *** results suggest that protein O-GlcNAcylation of DAergic neurons in the VTA plays an important role in regulating the response to natural reward and motor learning in mice.

关键词： O-GlcNAcylation Dopaminergic neurons Natural reward motor learning

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A motor learning Model Based on the Basal Ganglia in Operant Conditioning

A Motor Learning Model Based on the Basal Ganglia in Operant...

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第26届中国控制与决策会议

作者： Yuanyuan Gao Hongjun Song College of Information Engineering Zhejiang A&F University

In this paper, a motor learning model based on the basal ganglia(BG) in operant conditioning(OC) using actor-critic(AC) learning is presented. The model has three networks for realizing action selecting function of the BS, such as actor network, critic network and explorer network. Actor network uses a probabilistic fuzzy controller for action selection which is enhanced by the introduction of a probability measure into the learning structure based on OC learning. A tropism mechanism is designed for describing intrinsic motivation which is a key factor for animal learning and it can direct the orientation of the agent learning. Critic network is composed of a multi-layer feedforward network and the learning is enhanced by TD(λ) algorithm and gradient descent algorithm. Explorer network is to settle the conflict between exploration and exploitation. Through the experiments of cognitive experiment, the method endows the mobile robot with the capabilities of learning obstacle avoidance and finding the target actively.

关键词： motor learning basal ganglia operant conditioning reinforcement learning actor-critic

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Bimanual motor skill learning and robotic assistance for chronic hemiparetic stroke: a randomized controlled trial

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第8期16卷 1566-1573页

作者： Maral Yeganeh Doost Benoît Herman Adrien Denis Julien Sapin Daniel Galinski Audrey Riga Patrice Laloux Benoît Bihin Yves Vandermeeren UCLouvain CHU UCL Namur–site Mont-GodinneDepartment of NeurologyStroke UnitYvoirBelgium UCLouvain Institute of NeuroScience(IoNS)Clinical neuroscience division(NEUR)divisionBrusselsBelgium UCLouvain Louvain BionicsLouvain-la-NeuveBelgium UCLouvain Institute of MechanicsMaterials and Civil Engineering(iMMC)Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium AXINESIS SA WavreBelgique Scientific Support Unit CHU UCL Namur–site Mont-GodinneYvoirBelgium

Using robotic devices might improve recovery post-stroke, but the optimal way to apply robotic assistance has yet to be determined. The current study aimed to investigate whether training under the robotic active-assisted mode improves bimanual motor skill learning(biMSkL) more than training under the active mode in stroke patients. Twenty-six healthy individuals(HI) and 23 chronic hemiparetic stroke patients with a detectable lesion on MRI or CT scan, who demonstrated motor deficits in the upper limb, were randomly allocated to two parallel groups. The protocol included a two-day training on a new bimanual cooperative task, LIFT-THE-TRAY, under either the active or activeassisted modes(where assistance decreased in a pre-determined stepwise fashion) with the bimanual version of the REAplan? robotic device. The hypothesis was that the active-assisted mode would result in greater biMSkL than the active mode. The biMSkL was quantified by a speed-accuracy trade-off(SAT) before(T1) and immediately after(T2) training on days 1 and 2(T3 and T4). The change in SAT after 2 days of training(T4/T1) indicated that both HI and stroke patients learned and retained the bimanual cooperative task. After 2 days of training, the active-assisted mode did not improve biMSkL more than the active mode(T4/T1) in HI nor stroke patients. Whereas HI generalized the learned bimanual skill to different execution speeds in both the active and active-assisted subgroups, the stroke patients generalized the learned skill only in the active subgroup. Taken together, the active-assisted mode, applied in a pre-determined stepwise decreasing fashion, did not improve biMSkL more than the active mode in HI and stroke subjects. Stroke subjects might benefit more from robotic assistance when applied "as-needed." This study was approved by the local ethical committee(Comité d'éthique médicale, CHU UCL Namur, MontGodinne, Yvoir, Belgium;Internal number: 54/2010, Eudra CT number: NUB B039201317382) on July 1

关键词： bimanual hemiparesis motor learning rehabilitation robotic robotic assistance slacking stroke retention

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ASIC1a mediates striatal synapse maturation and procedural motor learning

ASIC1a mediates striatal synapse maturation and procedural m...

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中国生理学会张锡钧基金会第十四届全国青年优秀生理学学术论文交流及评奖会议、中国生理学会第十二届全国青年生理学工作者学术会议

作者： Zhe Yu Yan-Jiao Wu Wei-Guang Wu Tian-Le Xu Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

Acid-sensing ion channel 1 a（ASIC1 a） is highly expressed in multiple brain regions,including the striatum,which is the input nucleus of the basal ganglia and is critically involved in procedural learning and motor ***,the functional role of ASIC1 a in the striatal neurons remains *** we show that ASIC1 a is important for striatum-dependent motor coordination and procedural learning through regulating synaptic plasticity in the striatal medium spiny neurons（MSNs）.Deletion of ASIC1 a leads to an increased dendritic spine density,impaired spine morphology,and postsynaptic architecture,which coincided with decreased N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor（NMDAR） function at excitatory *** structural and functional changes are possibly caused by reduced phosphorylation of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ（CaMKⅡ） and extracellular regulated protein kinases（ERKs）.Behaviorally,loss of ASIC1 a results in poor performance in multiple motor tasks,which could be corrected by expressing ASICla in the striata of the adult ASIC1 a null ***,our data revealed a novel mechanism mediated by ASIC1 a that regulates excitatory synaptic function and striatum-related procedural learning and memory.

关键词： ASIC1a striatum synaptic remodeling CaMKⅡ ERK motor learning

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ASIC1a contributes to striatal synaptic remodeling and is required for motor coordination and learning

ASIC1a contributes to striatal synaptic remodeling and is re...

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中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： Zhe Yu Yan-Jiao Wu Yi-Zhi Wang Di-Shi Liu Xing-Lei Song Qin Jiang Ying Li Michael Xi Zhu Wei-Guang Li Tian-Le Xu Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology University of Texas Health Science Center

Acid-sensing ion channel 1 a(ASIC1 a) is expressed in multiple brain regions where it is implicated in several forms of associative learning. The channel is also enriched in the striatum, a key neural substrate for procedural learning and memory. Here we show that ASIC1 a is crucially involved in striatum-dependent motor coordination and learning through regulation of synaptic remodeling in the dorsal striatum. Striatal neurons of ASIC1 a null mice exhibit increased dendritic spine density, impaired spine morphology, altered postsynaptic architecture, decreased N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function, and reduced phosphorylation of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II(Ca MKII) and extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERKs), which are accompanied with poor performance, as compared to wild type littermates, on beam walking tests that require motor coordination and learning. These deficits were corrected by virus-mediated expression of ASIC1 a in striata of the adult mutant mice. Our data reveal a novel mechanism of ASIC1 a-mediated Ca MKII/ERK signaling cascade that regulates striatumrelated procedural learning and memory via synaptic remodeling.

关键词： ASIC1a striatum synaptic remodeling CaMKII ERK motor learning

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Rapid production of new oligodendrocytes is required in the earliest stages of motor skill learning

Rapid production of new oligodendrocytes is required in the ...

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中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： Lin XIAO David Ohayon Ian A.McKenzie Alexander Sinclair-Wilson Jordan Wright Alexander Fudge Ben Emery Hui-Liang LI William D Richardson Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research University College London Institute of Neuroscience Second Military Medical University Centre de Biologie du Développement University Paul Sabatier Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research Oregon Health and Science University

Objective To investigate the possible role of oligodendrocyte in learning. Methods By searching published expression databases, we identified a novel marker of newly-forming oligodendrocytes – the ecto-enzyme Enpp6 – and used this to track oligodendrocyte differentiation in adult mice as they learned a motor skill(running on a complex wheel with unevenly spaced rungs). Results Production of Enpp6-expressing immature oligodendrocytes was accelerated within just 2.5 hours exposure to the complex wheel in subcortical white matter and within 4 hours in motor cortex. Conditional deletion of Myelin regulatory factor(Myrf) in oligodendrocyte precursors blocked formation of new Enpp6+ oligodendrocytes and impaired learning within the same -3 hour time frame. This very early requirement for oligodendrocytes suggests a direct and active role in learning, closely linked to synaptic strengthening. Running performance of normal mice continued to improve over the following week accompanied by secondary waves of oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation and differentiation. Conclusion We conclude that new oligodendrocytes contribute to both early and late stages of motor skill learning.

关键词： motor learning motor performance skill learning glia oligodendrocyte precursor cell NG2 cell myelin white matter mouse

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Artificial intelligence and machine learning in motor recovery: A rehabilitation medicine perspective

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第29期11卷 7258-7260页

作者： Raktim Swarnakar Shiv Lal Yadav Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029DelhiIndia

Artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML)are powerful technologies with the potential to revolutionize motor recovery in rehabilitation *** perspective explores how AI and ML are harnessed to assess,diagnose,and design personalized treatment plans for patients with motor *** integration of wearable sensors,virtual reality,augmented reality,and robotic devices allows for precise movement analysis and adaptive neurorehabilitation ***,AI-driven telerehabilitation enables remote monitoring and *** these applications show promise,healthcare professionals must interpret AI-generated insights and ensure patient *** AI and ML are in their early stages,ongoing research will determine their effectiveness in rehabilitation medicine.

关键词： Artificial intelligence motor learning Rehabilitation motor recovery Machine learning Physical medicine and rehabilitation

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Dscam mutation leads to hydrocephalus and decreased motor function

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Protein & Cell 2011年第8期2卷 647-655页

作者： Yiliang Xu Haihong Ye Yan Shen Qi Xu Li Zhu Jianghong Liu Jane Y.Wu National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Neurology Center of Genetic MedicineLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA

The nervous system is one of the most complicated organ systems in invertebrates and *** syndrome cell adhesion molecule(DSCAM)of the immunoglobulin(Ig)superfamily is expressed widely in the nervous system during embryonic *** studies in Drosophila suggest that Dscam plays important roles in neural development including axon branching,dendritic tiling and cell ***,the function of the mammalian DSCAM gene in the formation of the nervous system remains ***,we show that Dscam^(del17) mutant mice exhibit severe hydrocephalus,decreased motor function and impaired motor learning *** data indicate that the mammalian DSCAM gene is critical for the formation of the central nervous system.

关键词： Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule motor function motor learning hydrocephalus

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