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Policy and institutional reforms of China’s economic aid: motives and implications

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Economic and Political Studies 2020年第2期8卷 224-245页

作者： Xiaohong Xu Department of Diplomacy China Foreign Affairs UniversityBeijingChina

The People’s Republic of China(PRC)has been an aid donor for over six decades,offering multiple forms of development aid to other developing ***,China has been con-stantly readjusting its strategies of aid provision while introducing institutional reforms to improve the efficiency of aid as a form of economic *** significant policy and institutional changes has China conducted in its aid distribution?What are the key motivators that have propelled such reforms?And how do Western donors perceive the Chinese model of aid distribution?Using a two-level analytical framework,this article mainly explores the domestic and international factors driving the three rounds of Chinese aid *** article finds that while the transform-ation of China’s strategic priority enabled by leadership percep-tion change is the key domestic incentive for aid reforms,international variables contribute to such processes either directly by exerting pressure and conveying knowledge or indirectly by changing China’s global status and leadership perception.

关键词： China economic aid reforms motives

motives for romantic relationships and the risk of heavy alcohol use, regular smoking and cannabis use during adolescence and early adulthood: A longitudinal study

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2013年第2期3卷 23-29页

作者： Wenbin Liang Tanya Chikritzhs National Drug Research Institute Curtin University Perth Australia

Background: Engaging in sexual activities at a younger age is associated with higher risk of substance misuse among adolescents. It could be hypothesized that substance misuse and certain romantic relationship related behaviors may be influenced by similar hormone and other inner physiological factors that are affected by related motives. This study investigated the association between motives for romantic relationships and the risk of heavy alcohol use, regular smoking and cannabis use from adolescence through to early adulthood. Method: A population-based longitudinal study using data collected from Wave I and Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Characteristics of romantic relationship ideals (as the proxy of motives) measured in Wave I (mean age: 16 yrs) were applied to predict substance use indicated at Wave III (mean age: 22 yrs) using multivariate analyses. Results: Adolescents who included sexual activities as part of their romantic relationship ideals were at significantly higher risk of cannabis use among males and heavy alcohol use among females. Romantic ideals that included, gift giving (female) or receiving (male), declaration of love (male), marriage (male) and becoming pregnant (female) were associated with reduced risk of one or more types of substance use. Conclusion: In adolescence, sexual motives for romantic relationships were associated with higher risk of substance use and misuse, while motives related to intimacy and commitment in romantic relationships were associated with lower risk.

关键词： motives Romantic Relationship Alcohol Tobacco Cannabis Longitudinal Study

motives and Commitment of Entrepreneurs in Hospitality/Tourism Firms in Port Harcourt

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Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management 2019年第1期7卷 36-43页

作者： Continue Anddison Eketu Comfort Dan-Jumbo Nnaji Kennedy Kelechi University of Port Harcourt Port HarcourtNigeria

This aim of this study is to provide both theoretical and empirical insights on entrepreneurs’ motives and commitments in the hospitality and tourism industry in Nigeria, using simple descriptive statistics and complemented with interviews. The study adopted an exploratory research methodology to explore the phenomena of motives and commitment, using descriptive statistics, particularly mea, and standard deviation to present the extent of occurrences in the study subject. The study is based on a sample of 120 entrepreneurs who are owners of small restaurants in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The results show that entrepreneurs in the hospitality industry are mostly motivated by family related factors such as family tradition, family situation, family line of business, and family prestige. Societal factors are more prominent in the list than both personal and income, financial considerations. The least considered factor that motivates a business start-up is finance or income. The results also suggest that although, entrepreneurs are highly committed to starting and growing their own businesses and are willing to do anything that will help achieve this objective including significant personal sacrifices, they are however, not willing to compromise their family lives.

关键词： entrepreneurs motives commitment hospitality industry

On the Chow Groups of Certain Cubic Fourfolds

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2017年第7期33卷 887-898页

作者： Robert LATERVEER Institut de Recherche Mathématique Avancée CNRS-Universitd de Strasbourg7 Rue Rene Descartes67084 Strasbourg CedexFrance

This note is about the Chow groups of a certain family of smooth cubic fourfolds. This family is characterized by the property that each cubic fourfold X in the family has an involution such that the induced involution on the Fano variety F of lines in X is symplectic and has a K3 surface S in the fixed locus. The main result establishes a relation between X and S on the level of Chow motives. As a consequence, we can prove finite-dimensionality of the motive of certain members of the family. Keywords Algebraic cycles, Chow groups, motives, cubic fourfolds, hyperkiihler varieties, K3 sur- faces, finite-dimensional motive

关键词： Algebraic cycles Chow groups motives cubic fourfolds hyperk?hler varieties K3 surfaces finite-dimensional motive

Factors Influencing Subjective Orthodontic Treatment Need and Culture-related Differences among Chinese Natives and Foreign Inhabitants

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International Journal of Oral Science 2010年第3期2卷 149-157页

作者： Xiao-ting Li Yin Tang Xue-lian Huang Hua Wan Yang-xi Chen Department-of Orthodontics West China College of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China College of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China Department of Health Statistics West China College of Public Health Sichuan University Chengdu China

Aim The aim of this survey was to compare Chinese natives and foreign inhabitants in Chengdu, China, with respect to：（1） attitudes towards dental appearance, （2） subjective orthodontic treatment need, and （3） the main factors influencing orthodontic treatment need. Methodology A total of 522 subjects, including 227 foreign inhabitants and 295 Chinese natives in Chengdu participated in the survey. A simple random sampling method was adopted and a face-to-face interview was conducted at some public sites using a questionnaire. Data was entered by two persons synchronously using Epidata 3.0, and SPSS 13.0 was used to analyze these data. Results 89.0% of foreign inhabitants were satisfied with their teeth compared to only 46.8% of Chinese natives. Females were more dissatisfied with their teeth than males. Chinese natives put improving appearance as the top priority （55.9%） for seeking orthodontic treatment; however, in foreign inhabitants, the main reason for seeking treatment was to improve masticatory function（44.1%）, followed by ＂to be pretty＂（35.2%）. The importance of well-aligned teeth and self-perception of psychosocial impact of malocclusion were the same two main factors influencing subjective orthodontic treatment need （P〈0.05） in foreign inhabitants and Chinese natives. Sub- jective orthodontic treatment need between the two target groups was significantly different （P〈0.05）. Conclusion （1） It was very common that Chinese natives were dissatisfied with their dental appearance, and their subjective orthodontic treatment needs were high. （2） There were some differences in orthodontic treatment motives between the two target groups. （3） There were differences in subjective orthodontic treatment needs between foreign inhabitants and Chinese natives. However, the prominent influential factors were almost the same. There may be benefit to understanding subjective orthodontic needs of different races.

关键词： orthodontic treatment motives subjective needs,comparative study

Motivation dimensions for running a marathon:A new model emerging from the Motivation of Marathon Scale(MOMS)

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第3期6卷 302-310页

作者： Sima Zach Yan Xia Aviva Zeev Michal Arnon Noa Choresh Gershon Tenenbaum Zinman College for Physical Education and Sport Sciences Wingate InstituteNetanya 42902Israel Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems College of EducationFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306-4453USA

Purpose：The aim of this study was to test and expand the Motivation of Marathoners Scale（MOMS） model（Masters et al.,1993）.Methods：The MOMS questionnaire was distributed to 306 male and female marathon runners（age range：20–77 years） with experience in marathon running（range：1–44 runs）.A confirmatory factor analysis（CFA） revealed that the original Purpose：The aim of this study was to test and expand the Motivation of Marathoners Scale（MOMS） model（Masters et al.,1993）.Methods：The MOMS questionnaire was distributed to 306 male and female marathon runners（age range：20-77 years） with experience in marathon running（range：1-44 runs）.A confirmatory factor analysis（CFA） revealed that the original model failed to fit the ***,exploratory factor analysis（EFA） was performed to test the best factorial solution for the current data,and a subsequent CFA was performed on the revised factorial ***,a series of EFAs using maximum likelihood factor extraction method were ***：The best structure solution for model-data fit resulted in 11 factors：psychological coping-emotional-related coping,psychological coping-everyday-life management,life meaning,self-esteem,recognition,affiliation,weight concerns,general health orientation-reduced disease prevalence and longevity,general health orientation-keep fit,competition,and personal goal ***：This study provides a sound and solid framework for studying motivation for physically demanding tasks such as marathon runs,and needs to be similarly applied and tested in studies incorporating physical tasks which vary in mental demands.

关键词： Exercise adherence Marathon motives Psychological characteristics

Chinese High School Students’ Plans in Studying Overseas: Who and Why

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Frontiers of Education in China 2017年第3期12卷 367-393页

作者： Baoyan CHENG Aiai FAN Min LIU Department of Educational Foundations College of EducationUniversity of HawaiiHonoluluHI 96825USA Graduate School of Education Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

This study is among the first to use a large-scale dataset to better understand the driving forces behind the large outflow of Chinese international *** on data collected from 3,001 students at 18 high schools located in the three cities of Beijing,Shenzhen and Chengdu,this paper highlights the importance of students’academic preparation and their families’financial *** shows that sociocultural factors such as Experiencing Another Culture and Gaining Global Perspective play a significant role,but are often understudied in the case of Chinese *** addition,the disadvantaged social strata tend to be influenced more by the pushing force of low-quality education in China,and deterred by the high cost of studying overseas,whereas the advantaged social strata tend to be influenced more by the pulling force of higher-quality education overseas and the pulling force within China such as relatively privileged lives.

关键词： high school China study overseas push-and-pull motives

On Persuasiveness of Direct Response Television Advertising Language

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On Persuasiveness of Direct Response Television Advertising ...

作者：郑颖北京语言大学

学位级别：硕士

As a relatively new type of advertising, direct response television advertising becomes more and more popular in our society. This type of advertising is very special. It urges people to "buy now", so how to persuade the audience to "buy now" is a great challenge for the advertisers. The main aim of this paper is to study how persuasiveness is achieved in direct response television advertising language. More exactly, this paper discusses how advertisers employ different linguistic devices to persuade the potential consumers.The author of this thesis holds that persuasiveness of advertising language can not be achieved without the consideration of consumers' psychology, especially their motives. In this paper, the author studies persuasiveness of advertising language from a pragmatic perspective and establishes a theoretical framework based on Linguistic Adaptation Theory. The key point is that the design of advertising language must adapt to consumers' needs and motives and at the same time adapt to the psychological state of the consumers in the course of persuasion. This kind of adaptation can be realized on different levels: discourse level, lexical level, syntactic level and rhetoric level. Through the analysis of the linguistic features on different levels, we can get a general view about how advertisers adapt the language to the motives of the consumers to reach persuasiveness.

关键词： direct response television advertising language persuasiveness adaptation motives linguistic devices

New age textures: Vol. 1, Visual research for artists, graphic designers and stylists=新时代肌理 1 / 2nd ed.

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New age textures: Vol. 1, Visual research for artists, graph...