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Screening of Rice Cultivars for morpho-physiological Responses to Early-Season Soil Moisture Stress

Rice science 2017年第6期24卷 322-335页

作者： Bhupinder SINGH Kambham Raja REDDY Edilberto Diaz REDONA Timothy WALKER Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State UniversityMississippi 39762USA Delta Research and Extension Center Mississippi State UniversityMississippi 38776USA Horizon Ag.LLC 8275 Tournament DriveSuite 255MemphisTennessee 38125USA

The majority of rice(Oryza sativa L.) produced in the southern USA is drill-seeded and grown under upland-like conditions because permanent flooding is established after the four-leaf stage. Therefore, rice during the seedling growth stage will be subjected to variable soil moisture content. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of 15 rice cultivars commonly grown in Mississippi of USA under early-season soil moisture stress. Twenty morpho-physiological parameters of rice seedlings subjected to three different levels(100%, 66% and 33% field capacity) of soil moisture, from 10 to 30 d after sowing, were measured. Significant moisture stress × treatment interaction(P < 0.001) was observed for most of the parameters. Further, the total drought response index(TDRI) was developed to score the cultivars for drought tolerance with the variation from 26.88 to 36.21. Accordingly, the cultivars were classified into different groups of tolerance. The cultivars CL152 and CL142-AR were classified as the least and the most tolerant to drought based on TDRI and standard deviation, respectively. Even though both total root(R^2 = 0.98) or shoot(R^2 = 0.76) drought responses indices were positively correlated with TDRI, root traits were important in deriving the indices. Therefore, TDRI could be used to select cultivars for drought tolerance in a given environment and develop rice varieties with early-season drought tolerance. However, further research is needed to identify and characterize tolerance at other stages to assist breeding programs in rice.

关键词： drought field capacity morpho-physiological parameter Oryza sativa root shoot soil moisture content total drought response index

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physiological Basis of Stagnant Flooding Tolerance in Rice

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Rice science 2017年第2期24卷 73-84页

作者： Sandhya R.KUANAR Anuprita RAY Santosh K.SETHI Krishnendu CHATTOPADHYAY Ramani K.SARKAR Crop Physiology&Biochemistry Division National Rice Research InstituteCuttack 753006India

Stagnant flooding(SF) is an important constraint which prolonges partial submergence damages of rice plants and reduces grain yield. Due to the heterogeneity in flood-prone ecosystem, many different types of traditional rice varieties are being grown by the farmers. The local landraces adapted to extreme in water availability could be the sources of new gene(s) which would be utilized to improve the adaptability of rice to SF with high yield. The main goal of this study is to identify new genetic resources tolerant to SF based on morpho-physiological traits. A total of 16 rice varieties were selected after initial screening from more than 400 rice varieties which were collected from eastern states of India. The increase rate of plant height was higher under SF compared to control, whereas no such trend was observed in the increment rate of aboveground total dry weight and culm dry weight. Area of aerenchyma gas spaces per tiller increased whereas root oxidase activity decreased under SF. The reduction of root oxidase activity, leaf area, and leaf dry weight was higher in susceptible varieties under SF compared to control. Stability index for different grain yield and yield attributes revealed that the impact of SF differed among different varieties. Correlation coefficient studies among different parameters taking stability index showed significant association with the grain yield. Based on the findings, it was concluded that maintenance of equivalent panicle weight and panicle number, plant height and harvest index at the maturity stage, leaf area, leaf and culm dry weights, root oxidase activity and tiller numbers at the flowering stage under SF compared to control help the plant to counteract the adverse effects of SF.

关键词： morpho-physiological trait rice stagnant flooding yield

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Responses of Aquatic Vegetation to Pollution: Preliminary Results on Ecotoxicological Effects and Bioenrichment Factors

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第4期5卷 274-288页

作者： Monia Renzi Andrea Giovani Silvano E. Focardi Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies University of the Salento SP Lecce-Monteroni Lecce Italy Department of Physical Hearth and Environmental Sciences University of Siena Via P.A. Mattioli 4 Siena Italy

This study evaluates, on a preliminary basis, the principal morpho-physiological effects induced by pollution stress in four aquatic vegetation species of great ecological relevance in transitional water ecosystems. Three macroalgae (Chaetomorpha linum, Valonia aegagrophyla, Graciliariopsis longissima) and one phanerogams species (Ruppia cirrhosa) were exposed to different doses of trace elements (Cu, Hg, Zn) and surfactants (dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt) in laboratory controlled microcosm conditions and morpho-physiological responses (photosynthetic complex alteration, percentage of died cells, morphological changes) were measured before and after 7 and 14 days of exposure. Levels of pollutants in tissues and BioConcentration Factors (BCF) for each species were calculated after 14 days of exposure. Results suggest that photosynthetic complex alteration can be a useful tool to evaluate early and sub-lethal significant changes due to exposure to pollution stress in all of the considered species. A clear species-specificity was observed concerning trace element levels in tissues after 14 days of exposure, while dose-dependent behavior was observed for BCFs.

关键词： morpho-physiological Endpoints Trace Elements Surfactants BCFs Macrophytes Macroalgae

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