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Subcortical origins of human and monkey neocortical interneurons

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Science Foundation in China 2015年第1期23卷 50-50页

Prof.Yang Zhengang’s laboratory at the Institutes of Brain Science,Fudan University,reported subcortical origins of human and monkey neocortical interneurons,which was published in Nature Neuroscience(2013,16(11):1588—1597).GABAergic inhibitory interneurons play crucial roles in the development and organization of cortical networks.Nearly all GABAergic neurons in rodent cortex are generated from the ventral telencephalon.

关键词： monkey subcortical cortex rodent ventral Neuroscience Nature controversial autism epilepsy

Stealth Adapted Viruses: A Bridge between Molecular Virology and Clinical Psychiatry

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2015年第4期5卷 311-319页

作者： W. John Martin Institute of Progressive Medicine South Pasadena CA USA

Cytopathic “stealth-adapted” viruses bypass the cellular immune defense mechanisms because of molecular deletion or mutation of critical antigen coding genes. They, therefore, do not provoke the inflammatory reaction typical of infections with the conventional viruses from which stealth adapted viruses are derived. Stealth adapted viruses establish persistent, systemic virus infections, which commonly involve the brain. The brain damage can cause major mood and cognitive disorders, fatigue, seizures and various manifestations of an impaired autonomic nervous system. Symptoms can also result from: 1) induced autoimmunity, 2) antibody formation against virus antigens, 3) virus-induced cellular damage to non-brain tissues and 4) induced heightened overall immune reactivity, such that normally unrecognized components of the virus begin to become targeted by the cellular immune system. This last mechanism is relevant to the reported neurological and psychiatric adverse effects of vaccination in certain individuals. It is also appropriate to consider the infectious component of stealth adapted virus infections since family members and others may be at risk for becoming infected.

关键词： Stealth Adapted Viruses Cytomegalovirus African Green monkey Simian Cytomegalovirus SCMV Encephalopathy Polio Vaccine Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Autism Schizophrenia Alzheimer’s Disease Delusion Schizovirus

Preliminary Study of the Population Density of Mona monkeys (Cercopithecus mona) in Omo Forest Reserve

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Open Journal of Ecology 2019年第10期9卷 413-425页

作者： Johnson Ikaa Uloko Gbolagade Akeem Lameed

In the last 40 years, threats to the survival of wild primate population have greatly increased. Globally, primate population is severely threatened with extinction especially due to habitat loss from conversion of forest areas to farmland and/or unsustainable logging. There is paucity of information on the population density and abundance of Mona monkeys in Omo Forest Reserve. The population density and distribution of Mona monkeys were conducted in two forest blocks of Omo Forest Reserve (OFR). The objective of the study therefore, is to determine the population density and distribution of Mona monkey, and ascertain the presence of other primate species in sympatric relationship with the monkey. The line transect sampling method was used for the enumeration. Data were collected from seven (7) transects randomly selected from two forest blocks;the Elephant Sanctuary (4) and the Strict Nature Reserve (3). Other primate species were considered to be sympatric with Mona monkeys if they were encountered within 20 m proximity range with the target species. Data on threat of human activities were collected in Omo Forest Reserve based on four major categories (Hunting/Poaching, Logging, Farming, and Collection of Non-Timber Forest Products). Analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 to determine population density estimate and the relative density in the two forest blocks. The field work took 30 days each, in September, 2015 and March 2016 that covered both seasons. Results revealed that a total number of 57 Mona monkeys with density of 0.44 km−2 in the entire reserve were sighted during the survey. The relative density across the two forest blocks surveyed in the forest reserve revealed that Mona monkeys were present in both the Elephant Sanctuary (ES) (n = 42) and Strict Nature Reserve (SNR) (n = 15) with density of 0.27 km−2 and 0.18 km−2, respectively. The species were observed to be more active during morning surveys than in the evening surveys, with densities of 0.77 km−2 and 0

关键词： Population Density Mona monkey Primates Sympatry Anthropogenic Activities Omo Forest Reserve

Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?

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时代英语（初中） 2016年第1期 27-31,70页

Pharmacokinetics of recombinant human interleukin-3 in rhesus monkeys

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Science China(Life Sciences) 1997年第5期40卷 546-553页

作者：汤仲明刘秀文屠敏 Institute of Radiation Medicine Beijing 100850 China

Concentration-time profiles of 125I-labeled recombinant human interleukin-3 （125IrhIL-3） were de-termined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography （RHPLC） after intravenous and subcutaneous ad-ministration of the drug in 16 rhesus monkeys. The initial and terminal T1/2 in plasma after intravenous of 30 μg/kg were （0. 15 ±0.13） and （2. 21 ± 0. 59） h, respectively. Terminal half-lives after 30, 90 and 180μg/kg subcutaneous （s.c.） injections were 2. 0-3.8 h. Area under concentration-time curves （AUC） following s. c. were roughly in-creased with dose, while CL5 were similar among different dosages. The absorption rates were dependent on concentra-tion at injected site. Bioavailability was about 0.7 after s.c. Rapid biodegradation was found in plasma. Distribution profiles of total radioactivity were as follows: the highest level was found in urinary system; levels in bile-enteric sys-tem, lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen were near to that in plasma, and level in brain was the

关键词： recombinant human interleukin-3 rhesus monkey pharmacokinetics 125l-labeling high perfor-mace liquid chromatography.

Effects of Fasting on Plasma Lipoprotein(a) in Cynomolgus monkeys: Preliminary Experiments Results

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2014年第5期4卷 222-227页

作者： Masataka Kusunoki Kazuhiko Tsutsumi Daisuke Sato Tetsuro Miyata Takao Nakamura Department of Internal Medicine Medical Clinic Aichi Medical University Nagoya Japan Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research Tokyo Japan Department of Biomedical Information Engineering Graduate School of Medical Science Yamagata University Yamagata Japan Vascular Center Sanno Medical Center Tokyo Japan

Plasma lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is known to be a strong independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease. However, it is not easily modulated by drugs that are presently available. Lp(a) is not present in many experimental animals except for Old World monkeys. In this study, we examined whether cynomolgus monkeys are useful model for research of human plasma Lp(a), and observed that plasma Lp(a) in cynomolgus monkeys varied as much as humans. As a result of 4 day-fasting in cynomolgus monkeys, the plasma Lp(a) level decreased in a monkey with originally high Lp(a) level. The Lp(a) level continued to decrease even 3 days after banana feeding, but returned to the original level 3 days after monkey chow feeding. On the other hand, in a monkey with low Lp(a) level, fasting had no effect on the Lp(a) level. However, in the third monkey having originally high Lp(a) level, the Lp(a) was not affected by decreasing the amount of monkey chow feeding by 50%. In summary, we found that cynomolgus monkeys may be an useful model for studying the effects of food on plasma Lp(a) in place of humans, and that high Lp(a) level may be controllable by strict diet regulation.

关键词： Lipoprotein(a) Fasting Cynomolgus monkey Banana

The effect of PPARδ agonists (HS00098) on serum lipid profiles in diet-induced obese rhesus monkeys

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2012年第8期5卷 439-447页

作者： Qi-Hui Luo Wen Zeng Zheng-Li Chen An-Chun Cheng Ming-Shu Wang Yu-Bo Shen Chun-Mei Zhu Feng-Jun Bi Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province Ya’an China

Aim Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) subtypes increases expression of genes involved in fatty acid transport and oxidation and alters adiposity in animal models of obesity and type-2 diabetes. We aim to explore the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) subtypes on serum lipid profiles in obese rhesus monkey, especially evaluate the efficacy of investigational new drug (HS00098). Methods: First, a prototype of obese rhesus monkey was established by continuously feeding test animals a high fat diet for 2 months. Fifteen obese rhesus monkeys were randomly divided into 3 groups, and the 2 test groups were treated with GW 501516 and HS00098. The test groups were administered doses of 0.3 mg/kg for 1 month, then with 1 mg/kg for 1 month, and finally with 3 mg/kg for 1 month. The control group received placebo treatment. In each experiment, the body weight of each animal was measured and recorded initially and prior to changing the dose of the drug each month. The total cholesterol, blood glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum Apo-A1, Apo-B100 and insulin were tested. Results: The average body weight gain of the GW501516 and HS00098 groups was significantly lower than that of the control group. The group receiving the HS00098 treatment had a higher signifycant increase in high density lipoprotein and apo-A1 (P monkeys, while the total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins, apo-B100, and insulin (P monkeys are more obvious. Conclusion: These results suggested that the investigational drug (HS00098) can effectively reduce body weight, blood lipid and blood sugar levels of diet-induced obese rhesus monkeys.

关键词： PPARδ Agonists HS00098 Serum Lipid Profiles Obese Rhesus monkey

Diversity of Primate Lentiviruses Rebooted

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2019年第12期7卷 126-138页

作者： Jayashree S. Nandi Anil K. Chhangani Shravan Singh Rathore Bajrang Raj J. Mathur Department of Microbiology & Immunology Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York USA Department of Environmental Science Maharaja Ganga Singh University Bikaner India Department of Wildlife Machiya Biological Park Jodhpur India Department of Veterinary Sciences Patanjali Products 1-B-1 Kamla Nehru Nagar Behind Konark School Jodhpur India

Highlight: The present report reveals for the first time natural lentiviral infection of wild Indian NHPs, rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and langurs (Semnopithecus entellus) by SIVs that are phylogenetically diverse from all known SIVs, including “SIVmac”, which infects captive rhesus monkeys. The novel SIVs are intriguingly homologous to HIV-1, based on serology and partial lentiviral genomic sequence analyses. Diverse lenti-viruses infect human and nonhuman primates (NHPs). There are more than 45 different “species-specific” simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) that infect their cognate NHP hosts in natural habitats in Africa. Indian NHPs are not known to be infected by SIVs in the wild. Conventionally SIVs are named after their natural hosts, except for SIVmac, which infects captive rather than wild rhesus macaques. SIVmac is therefore a misnomer. It is a genetic variant of the African SIVsmm, which infects wild African sooty mangabey monkeys. SIVsmm is the progenitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-2), while SIVcpz that infects wild chimpanzees is the progenitor of HIV-1. Although natural infections cannot be easily studied in wild NHP populations, we have previously reported co-infection of wild Indian NHPs by other retroviruses: simian retroviruses (SRVs) and Simian Foamy viruses (SFV). Apart from zoonosis, transmission of pathogens from humans to animals: anthroponosis, has also been reported in literature.

关键词： Lentivirus HIV-1 SIV Wild Indian Langur Rhesus monkey Zoonosis Anthroponosis

Optimization of the Protocol for the in VitroCultivation of Piper aduncumL.

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第23期5卷 3474-3482页

作者： Samia Torres Silva Fernanda Ventorim Pacheco Ivan Caldeira Almeida Alvarenga José Eduardo Brasil Pereira Pinto Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci Cibelly Pereira Ferreira Department of Agriculture Federal University of Lavras Lavras Brazil

Piper aduncum L. (Piperaceae) has great potential for economic exploration because of the proven use of its essential oil in the agriculture and in the human health. A technique that improves its propagation, as the tissue culture, becomes necessary. Some parameters must be determined for the successful cultivation in vitro. Thus, this study aimed to determine the salts concentration of MS medium, temperature, luminosity and light quality for in vitro culture of this species. The following treatments were conducted: 1/4MS, 1/2MS, MS and 2MS;20℃, 25℃, 30℃ and 35℃;monochromatic blue, red and white lights and the combination of red and blue, using light emitting diodes (LEDs);luminosities of 17, 37, 48 and 73 μmol·m-2·s-1 obtained with cool white fluorescent lamp. After 35 days, the treatments were analyzed. To determine the salts concentration of MS, the variables were evaluated: number of shoots, leaves and roots, length and width of leaves, length and dry mass of root and shoots and percentage of death by necrosis. To the plantlets under different temperatures, length and dry mass of shoot and root, number of shoots, number, length and width of leaves and survival and rooting percentages were measured. The plantlets that were maintained under different luminosities were evaluated for length of shoot and root, dry mass of leaf and root. To evaluate the growth under the LEDs, the length and dry mass of shoot and root, number of shoots and roots, percentage of rooting and sprouting were assessed. The medium 1/4MS and the medium 1/2MS showed better responses for number and length of root, leaf width and shoot length. The temperature 25℃ provided the highest number of leaves, length of shoot and root, root dry mass and rooting percentage. The luminosity 73 μmol·m-2·s-1 provided higher values in length of root and dry mass of leaf and root. The red LED provided plantlets with greater growth. Thus, for the in vitro cultivation of Piper aduncum, 1/4MS, environment temperature of 25℃, light intensity of 73 μmol·m-2·s-1 an

关键词： Tissue Culture LEDs monkey Pepper