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molten salt assisted fabrication of Fe@Fe_(SA)-N-C oxygen electrocatalyst for high performance Zn-air battery

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第10期30卷 612-621,I0016页

作者： Wenjun Zhang Kaicai Fan Cheng-Hao Chuang Porun Liu Jian Zhao Dongchen Qi Lingbo Zong Lei Wang Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco Chemical Process and Technology Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceMOEState Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042ShandongChina Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-PlasticsQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042ShandongChina Centre for Clean Environment and Energy School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityQueensland 4222Australia Department of Physics Tamkang UniversityTamsui 251New Taipei City 251301TaiwanChina School of Chemistry and Physics Centre for Materials ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland 4001Australia

Non-noble-metal-based electrocatalysts with superior oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity to platinum(Pt)are highly desirable but their fabrications are challenging and thus impeding their applications in metal-air batteries and fuel ***,we report a facile molten salt assisted two-step pyrolysis strategy to construct carbon nanosheets matrix with uniformly dispersed Fe_(3) N/Fe nanoparticles and abundant nitrogen-coordinated Fe single atom moieties(Fe@Fe_(SA)-N-C).Thermal exfoliation and etching effect of molten salt contribute to the formation of carbon nanosheets with high porosity,large surface area and abundant uniformly immobilized active ***-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM)image,X-ray absorption fine spectroscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate the generation of Fe(mainly Fe_(3) N/Fe)and Fe_(SA)-N-C moieties,which account for the catalytic activity for *** study on modulating the crystal structure and composition of Fe_(3) N/Fe nanoparticles reveals that proper chemical environment of Fe in Fe_(3) N/Fe notably optimizes the ORR ***,the presence of abundant Fe_(SA)-N-C moieties,and potential synergies of Fe_(3) N/Fe nanoparticles and carbon shells,markedly promote the reaction *** as-developed Fe@Fe_(SA)-N-C-900 electrocatalyst displays superior ORR performance with a half-wave potential(E_(1/2))of 0.83 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)and a diffusion limited current density of 5.6 mA cm^(-2).In addition,a rechargeable Zn-air battery device assembled by the Fe@Fe_(SA)-N-C-900 possesses remarkably stable performance with a small voltage gap without obvious voltage loss after500 h of *** facile synthesis strategy for the high-performance composites represents another viable avenue to stable and low-cost electrocatalysts for ORR catalysis.

关键词： molten salt Oxygen reduction reaction Long-term durability Zn-air batteries

molten salt synthesis,morphology modulation,and lithiation mechanism of high entropy oxide for robust lithium storage

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第11期86卷 536-545,I0011页

作者： Xuefeng Liu Honghong Wang Long Dong Kezhuo Li Haijun Zhang Quanli Jia Shaowei Zhang Wen Lei The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina Henan Key Laboratory of High Temperature Functional Ceramics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052HenanChina College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeter EX44QFUK Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

High entropy oxides(HEOs)with ideal element tunability and enticing entropy-driven stability have exhibited unprecedented application potential in electrochemical lithium ***,the general control of dimension and morphology remains a major ***,scalable HEO morphology modulation is implemented through a salt-assisted strategy,which is achieved by regulating the solubility of reactants and the selective adsorption of salt ions on specific crystal *** electrochemical properties,lithiation mechanism,and structure evolution of composition-and morphology-dependent HEO anode are examined in *** importantly,the potential advantages of HEOs as electrode materials are evaluated from both theoretical and experimental *** from the high oxygen vacancy concentration,narrow band gap,and structure durability induced by the multi-element synergy,HEO anode delivers desirable reversible capacity and reaction *** particular,Mg is evidenced to serve as a structural sustainer that significantly inhibits the volume expansion and retains the rock salt *** new perspectives are expected to open a window of opportunity to compositionally/morphologi cally engineer high-performance HEO electrodes.

关键词： High-entropy oxide Lithium-ion battery anode molten salt Morphology modulation Structure stability

molten salt Electrolytic Fabrication of TiC-CDC and Its Applications for Supercapacitor

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2017年第8期33卷 788-792页

作者： Chaopin Wan Rongxia Zhang Shulan Wang Xuan Liu Department of Chemistry School of Science Northeastern University Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University

Titanium carbide derived carbon（TiC-CDC） was prepared by the molten salt electrolytic method in molten salt NaCl–KCl at the potential of 1.3 V using TiC pellets as the anode. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectrum were used to characterize the composition, morphology and microstructure of TiC-CDC. The electrochemical performance of TiC-CDC for supercapacitor was investigated in 0.5 mol L-1Na2SO4 by cycle voltammograms, ac impedance spectrum and galvanostatic charge/discharge. TiC-CDC showed excellent electrochemical and capacitive performances and maintained a capacity value of 126.1 F g-1after 1000 cycles with a capacity retention rate of 97% at the current density of 3 Ag-1. The current work demonstrated the feasibility of molten salt electrolytic method for preparation of TiC-CDC and provided a non-polluting and environmentally friendly strategy for high performance supercapacitor fabrication.

关键词： Supercapacitor Electrochemistry molten salt

molten salt electrochemical modulation of Ni/Co nanoparticles onto N-doped carbon for oxygen reduction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第11期31卷 212-217,I0007页

作者： Xinxin Liang Jialin Chen Biao Hong Tingting Wan Wei Weng Wei Xiao College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power SourcesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina Zijin School of Geology and Mining Fujian Key Laboratory of Green Extraction and High-value Utilization of Energy MetalsFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108FujianChina Queen Marry University of London Engineering School Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710129ShaanxiChina

Activation of oxygen over non-precious materials has been an imperative task to develop efficient electrochemical energy storage and conversion such as fuel cells and metal-air ***,a molten salt electrochemical modulation of metal-nitrogen-carbon based compounds(M–N–C)is *** electrochemical treatment of polydopamine-coated NiCo_(2)O_(4)(NiCo_(2)O_(4)@PDA)in molten Li_(2)CO_(3)-Na_(2)CO_(3)-K_(2)CO_(3)at 500℃,Ni/Co bimetal-nitrogen-carbon catalyst(denoted as Ni/Co@NC)consisting of Ni-Co nanoparticles anchoring on porous nitrogen-doped carbon is constructed and evaluated as electrocatalysts towards the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Experimental and calculation results confirm that alloying of Ni-Co and nitrogen doping to carbon enhances the rate-determining transformation of*OH intermediate during *** Ni/Co@NC hence shows an ORR activity comparable with the commercial Pt/C.

关键词： Oxygen reduction Metal-nitrogen-carbon Electrochemistry molten salt Bimetal modulation

Experiment and Analysis of Compatibility between New Phase Change Mixed molten salt and 316L Stainless Steel

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第6期33卷 2259-2273页

作者： REN Chenxing ZHENG Chenghang GAO Xiang State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Baima Lake Laboratory Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310051China

molten salt is considered as a promising heat storage and heat transfer medium due to its efficient thermophysical *** order to study the compatibility of five new mixed molten salts obtained with KNO_(3),NaNO_(3),K,CO_(3),Ca(NO_(3))_(2)·4H_(2)O,ZnCl_(2),NaF,Na_(2)CO_(3),NaCl and MgO as materials and 316L stainless steel,corrosion weight loss,scanning electron microscopy,elemental analysis and XRD were used to analyze the compatibility of 316L stainless steel in the new mixed molten salt at different time and *** corrosion behavior under the conditions was studied and *** compatibility data was obtained,and the corrosion mechanism of 316L stainless steel in mixed molten salts was *** results show that the corrosion weight of 316L stainless steel increases,and the corrosion degree of grain,crystal crack depth and oxidation degree increase gradually with the increase of temperature and *** corrosion of molten salt on alloy is mainly caused by the selective diffusion loss and corrosion of Cr,Fe and other elements,and is accompanied by the formation of different metal *** formation of metal oxides can slow down metal corrosion and loss to a certain *** corrosion results under different working conditions show that 316L stainless steel has good compatibility with the new mixed molten salt,and has certain application value in the field of heat transfer and energy storage.

关键词： molten salt 316L stainless steel corrosion resistance heat treatment

Electrodeposition of aluminum on aluminum surface from molten salt

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2011年第6期24卷 443-448页

作者： Wenmao HUANG Xiangyu XIA Bin LIU Yu LIU Haowei WANG Naiheng MA State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Manuscript received 7 March 2011 in revised form 29 June 2011

The surface morphology, microstructure and composition of the aluminum coating of the electrodeposition plates in AlCl3-NaCl-KCl molten salt with a mass ratio of 8：1：1 were investigated by SEM and EDS. The binding force was measured by splat-cooling method and bending method. The results indicate that the coatings with average thicknesses of 12 and 9 μm for both plates treated by simple grinding and phosphating are compacted, continuous and well adhered respectively. Tetramethylammonium chloride （TMAC） can effectively prevent the growth of dendritic crystal, and the anode activation may improve the adhesion of the coating. Binding force analysis shows that both aluminum coatings are strongly adhered to the substrates.

关键词： Aluminum Electrodeposition Surface morphology molten salt

Heat Transfer Characteristics of Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and molten salt

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Journal of Thermal Science 2021年第3期30卷 880-891页

作者： LAO Jiewei FU Qianmei WANG Weilong DING Jing LU Jianfeng School of Material Science and Engineering/School of Intelligent Systems Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

molten salt and supercritical carbon dioxide(S-CO_(2))are important high temperature heat transfer media,but molten salt/S-CO_(2) heat exchanger has been seldom *** present paper,heat transfer in printed circuit heat exchanger(PCHE)with molten salt and S-CO_(2) is simulated and *** S-CO_(2) can be drove along passage wall by strong buoyancy force with large density difference,its heat transfer is enhanced by natural *** inlet region,natural convection weakens along flow direction with decreasing Richardson number,and the thermal boundary layer becomes thicker,so local heat transfer coefficient of S-CO_(2) significantly *** outlet region,turbulent kinetic energy gradually increases,and then heat transfer coefficient increases for turbulent heat transfer *** with transcritical CO_(2) with lower inlet temperature,local heat transfer coefficient of S-CO_(2) near inlet is lower for smaller Richardson number,while it will be higher for larger turbulent kinetic energy near *** of PCHE is mainly determined by the pressure drop in molten salt passage and the heat transfer resistance in S-CO_(2) *** molten salt passage width increases,molten salt pressure drop significantly decreases,and overall heat transfer coefficient slightly changes,so the comprehensive performance of PCHE is *** a result,PCHE unit with three semicircular passages and one semi-elliptic passage has better performance.

关键词： heat exchanger molten salt supercritical carbon dioxide numerical simulation

Preparation of ternary Mg-Li-Sn alloys from molten salt by electrolysis

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2012年第4期25卷 265-271页

作者： Peng CAO Milin ZHANG Wei HAN Yongde YAN Lijun CHEN Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology Ministry of EducationCollege of MaterialsScience and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China

Electrochemical behavior of Mg, Li and Sn on tungsten electrodes in LiC1-KC1-MgCI2- SnC12 melts at 873 K was investigated. Cyclic voltammograms （CVs） showed that the underpotential deposition （UPD） of magnesium on pre-deposited tin leads to the formation of a Mg-Sn alloy, and the succeeding underpotential deposition of lithium on pre-deposited Mg-Sn alloy leads to the formation of a Mg-Li-Sn alloy. Chronopo- tentiometric measurements indicated that the codepositon of Mg, Li and Sn occurs at current densities more negative than -1.16 ***-~. X-ray diffraction （XRD） in- dicated that Mg2Sn phase is formed via galvanostatic electrolysis. The element Mg distributes homogeneously and Sn locates mainly on the grain boundaries in the Mg- Li-Sn alloy.

关键词： Mg-Li-Sn alloy molten salt Cyclic voltammetry Electrolysis

Preparation of TiB_2 coatings by electroplating in molten salt

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Rare Metals 2005年第3期24卷 261-266页

作者： LI Jun LI Bing DONG Zheng＇e School of Resource and Environment Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China School of Materials Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 200336 China School of Textile Xi＇an Institute of Science and Technology Xi＇an 710048 China

Titanium diboride （TIB2） coatings were prepared by electroplating in fluoride-chloride electrolytes （KF-KC1） containing K2T1F6 and KBF4 as the electrochemically-active components. An attempt was made to correlate the thermodynamic prediction and experimental observations. Thick, adherent, and uniform TtB2 coatings were obtained and the coating microhardness reaches the value of 33 GPa. The effects of the current density on the mechanical properties, structures, and morphologies of the coatings were studied. XRD analysis indicates that the preferred orientation of the coatings is （001）, which is in accordance with the prediction of the two-dimensional crystal nuclei theory. Thermodynamic prediction and experimental results show that some phases such as TixCy and BaCb are absent at the interface, which indicates the substrate and coatings bind mechanically or physically. Some cracks exist at the interface, which is attributed to the difference between the coefficients of thermal expansion of TiB2 and graphite.

关键词： electrodeposition titanium diboride coatings molten salt