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moisture Transport over the Arabian Sea Associated with Summer Rainfall over Pakistan in 1994 and 2002

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2012年第3期29卷 501-508页

作者： Kalim ULLAH 高守亭 Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Meteorology COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyIslamabadPakistan

In this study, we aimed to elucidate the critical role of moisture transport affecting monsoon activity in two contrasting summers over the Arabian Sea during the years 1994, a relatively wet year, and 2002, a relatively dry year. A comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and comparisons of the moisture fields were con- ducted; we focused on the precipitation and evaporation as well as the moisture transport and its divergence or convergence in the atmosphere. Monthly mean reanalysis data were obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP-I and -II）. A detailed evaluation of the moisture budgets over Pak- istan during these two years was made by calculating the latent energy flux at the surface （E - P） from the divergence of the total moisture transport. Our results confirm the moisture supply over the Arabian Sea to be the major source of rainfall in Pakistan and neighboring regions. In 1994, Pakistan received more rainfall compared to 2002 during the summer monsoon. moisture flow deepens and strengthens over Arabian Sea during the peak summer monsoon months of July and August. Our analysis shows that vertically integrated moisture transport flux have a significant role in supplying moisture to the convective centers over Pakistan and neighboring regions from the divergent regions of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Moreover, in 1994, a deeper vertically integrated moisture convergence progression occurred over Pakistan compared to that in 2002. Perhaps that deeper convergence resulted in a more intense moisture depression over Pakistan and also caused more rainfall in 1994 during the summer monsoon. Finally, from the water budget analysis, it has been surmised that the water budget was larger in 1994 than in 2002 during the summer monsoon.

关键词： moisture flux moisture convergence convection heavy rainfall

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Circulation Patterns Linked to the Positive Sub-Tropical Indian Ocean Dipole

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第1期40卷 110-128页

作者： Chibuike Chiedozie IBEBUCHI Institute of Geography and Geology University of WürzburgAm Hubland 97074 WürzburgGermany

The positive phase of the subtropical Indian Ocean dipole(SIOD)is one of the climatic modes in the subtropical southern Indian Ocean that influences the austral summer inter-annual rainfall variability in parts of southern *** paper examines austral summer rain-bearing circulation types(CTs)in Africa south of the equator that are related to the positive SIOD and the dynamics through which specific rainfall regions in southern Africa can be influenced by this *** austral summer rain-bearing CTs were *** the four CTs,the CT that featured(i)enhanced cyclonic activity in the southwest Indian Ocean;(ii)positive widespread rainfall anomaly in the southwest Indian Ocean;and(iii)low-level convergence of moisture fluxes from the tropical South Atlantic Ocean,tropical Indian Ocean,and the southwest Indian Ocean,over the south-central landmass of Africa,was found to be related to the positive SIOD climatic *** relationship also implies that positive SIOD can be expected to increase the amplitude and frequency of occurrence of the aforementioned *** linkage between the CT related to the positive SIOD and austral summer homogeneous regions of rainfall anomalies in Africa south of the equator showed that it is the principal CT that is related to the inter-annual rainfall variability of the south-central regions of Africa,where the SIOD is already known to significantly influence its rainfall ***,through the large-scale patterns of atmospheric circulation associated with the CT,the SIOD can influence the spatial distribution and intensity of rainfall over the preferred landmass through enhanced moisture convergence.

关键词： subtropical Indian Ocean dipole circulation types rainfall South Indian Ocean moisture convergence

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Water Budgets of Tropical Cyclones： Three Case Studies

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第2期30卷 468-484页

作者： WU Wei CHEN Jilong HUANG Ronghui Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049

In this study, three tropical cyclones （TCs） that passed through the Taiwan Strait were analyzed; our results show that precipitation is not directly related to the intensity of TCs. From the perspective of water budget, moisture flux convergence was dominant and contributed -70% of the moisture for TC precipitation over the ocean and almost all over the land, especially inside the TC circulation. Their spatial distributions were also similar. Evaporation contributed -30% of the moisture for precipitation over the ocean but changed little with the time. moisture flux convergence can be divided into two parts： wind convergence and moisture advection. moisture flux convergence was mostly due to wind convergence, which was dominant in the southwestern quadrants of the TCs. moisture advection was located in the northern area, and becomes relatively important when the TCs approached the land. The moisture flux convergence and its two parts varied during TC movement, with strengthening and contraction of moisture convergence present near landfall. The vertical structure of the three TC eases all indicated that the moisture convergence was mainly confined to the lower atmosphere under 800 hPa and a weak divergence region was present in the middle troposphere around 550 hPa.

关键词： tropical cyclones water budget moisture convergence precipitation evaporation

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Surface Rainfall and Cloud Budgets Associated with Mei-yu Torrential Rainfall over Eastern China during June 2011

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第6期31卷 1435-1444页

作者： ZHAI Guoqing LI Xiaofan ZHU Peijun SHEN Hangfeng ZHANG Yuanzhi Department of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou Weather Bureau Aviation Agency Meteorological Observatory of Zhejiang

Surface rainfall and cloud budgets associated with three heavy rainfall events that occurred over eastern China during the mei-yu season in June 2011 were analyzed using 2D cumulus ensemble model simulation *** domain mean rainfall showed three peaks in response to three prescribed ascending motion maxima,primarily through the mean moisture convergence during the torrential rainfall *** ascending motion throughout the troposphere produced strong convective rainfall during the first （9 June） and third （17-18 June） rainfall events,whereas strong prescribed ascending motion in the mid and upper troposphere and weak subsidence near the surface generated equally important stratiform and convective rainfall during the second rainfall event （14 June）.The analysis of surface rainfall budgets reveals that convective rainfall was associated with atmospheric drying during the first event and moisture convergence during the third *** stratiform and convective rainfall responded primarily to moisture convergence during the second *** analysis of grid data shows that the first and third mean rainfall maxima had smaller horizontal scales of the precipitation system than the second.

关键词： rainfall cloud budget moisture convergence atmospheric drying convective rainfall stratiform rainfall

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How Large Precipitation Changes over Global Monsoon Regions by CMIP5 Models?

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2013年第5期6卷 306-311页

作者： CHEN Huo-Po SUN Jian-Qi Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Future changes in precipitation over global monsoon domains and their adjacent dry regions are investigated using present-day climate simulations(1986–2005)and future climate simulations under the Representative Concentration Pathways(RCP4.5)scenario by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5)*** the present-day climate simulations,high reproducibility of the extents of global monsoon domains and dry regions is observed from the multi-model ensemble(MME)result;the associated local summer precipitation variation and its interannual variability are also successfully *** the future,the global monsoon domains are projected to be expanded,while the dry regions are expected to initially increase and then *** summer precipitation and its variability show significant increases over most global monsoon domains and obvious decreases over their adjacent dry *** results indicate that currently wet regions will become wetter and dry areas will be dryer under global warming *** analysis indicates that changes in summer precipitation over global monsoon and dry regions can be interpreted as moisture convergence changes associated with changes in horizontal moisture transport.

关键词： CMIP5 global monsoon summer precipitation moisture convergence projection

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Analysis of Extreme Precipitation Events over Central Plateau of Iran

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American Journal of Climate Change 2016年第3期5卷 297-313页

作者： Iman Rousta Mohsen Soltani Wen Zhou Hoffman H. N. Cheung Department of Geography (Climatology) Yazd University Yazd Iran Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Garmisch-Partenkirchen Germany Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

This paper describes the results of an analysis of extreme rainfall events in the central plateau of Iran. To study the extreme events, daily records of eighteen stations’ rainfalls in the region for different initial dates up to 2005 gathered from the bureau of meteorology. Then, the extreme rainfall threshold was calculated for each individual station using the statistical index of Gamble type I. Lastly, 22 mm was determined as the extreme rainfall value for the entire stations, and eventually 17 out of 169 extreme precipitation events were extracted in accordance with three factors including a) days with precipitation in not less than 50% of the stations, b) maximum rainfall is 22 mm or more in at least one of the stations, and c) mean precipitation of the basin is more than 3 mm. In the next step to analyze the synoptic features, the relevant meteorological data i.e. relative vorticity, geopotential height, sea level pressure, u and v wind components, relative humidity, vertical velocity, and precipitable water content at multiple levels of the atmosphere were examined from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset. The synoptic findings indicate that two patterns of deep trough and high ridge of the eastern Mediterranean were responsible for making the heavy precipitation events over the central plateau of Iran. The most and severest rainfall events occurred via deep tough pattern, which covered 76% of days with extreme precipitations during the examined period. Furthermore, the results suggest that the main moisture resources, which identified by HYSPLIT model’s outputs and moisture convergence/divergence zones for the rainy systems in the first pattern (deep trough) including Persian Gulf, Oman Sea, Indian Ocean, and Red Sea, while for the second pattern (high ridge) Persian Gulf and Red Sea play a significant role in feeding the storms in the central regions of Iran. Moreover, the southward movement of Polar Vortex is also considered as those important factors to pro

关键词： Extreme Precipitation Occurrence Synoptic Analysis Trough and Ridge of Eastern Mediterranean HYSPLIT Trajectories Model moisture convergence Central Plateau Iran

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