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Why Do the Imaginary and Imaginary Communities Emerge in Social Theory? National Imaginary in the Context of Globalization

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Philosophy Study 2024年第3期14卷 129-137页

作者： Hanna Nosova National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine KyivUkraine

The end of modernism questions reality and its theoretical description,and various attempts of postmodern rethinking of the social emerge-from denial,assertion of the disappearance of the social to its salvation through radical rethinking.Theorizing around the imaginary emerges and continues as a result of this rethinking.Cornelius Castoriadis,for example,absolutizes the concept of the imaginary,which,in his opinion,even contains the rational.Charles Taylor gives imaginary,though important,but limited role as a background knowledge.Speaking of the imaginary,one cannot,of course,ignore Benedict Andersen’s imaginary communities.According to Andersen,the“imagination”of a nation,like any other community,reflects not the fact that they are“invented”or“constructed”but that they are the result of human practice,that social reality is a socio-historical and cultural product.Nation differs from other communities in the style of representation,namely,the representation-understanding,first of all,of space and time.A specific moment in time is connected not only with the past and future,but also with the same moment in another time and space measurement.People in this case,communicate and socialize through books,newspapers,and national languages.Most importantly,the nation as an imaginary community opposes itself to other communities,distinguishes itself from them,and strives for autonomy.And the guarantee of autonomy is the sovereign state,the nation-state,therefore the nation is always connected with the state and the territory of the exercise of its monopoly right.That is,the nation is an imaginary community that is real only to the extent that it is correlated with the modern territorial state.According to the author,the transformation of the national imaginary under the conditions of globalization is characterized by the loss of attachment to the territory,by the fact that territoriality ceases to be the main,organizing principle of social life.Social practices are increasingly formed beyond borders,belonging to ethnici

关键词： postmodern modern imaginary social imaginary national imaginary imaginary communities Benedict

Point de vue L'aube de la renaissance

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中国与非洲（法文版） 2024年第1期16卷 14-15页

Déclenchée au XVIIIe siècle la pce mitre révolution industrielle a initiéunemodernisation mondiale.entraînant d'Impor tantes mutations économiques.

关键词： indust modern XVIII

modern pollen rain in the Lake Qinghai basin, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第10期52卷 1510-1519页

作者： SHANG Xue LI XiaoQiang AN ZhiSheng JI Ming ZHANG HongBin State Key Lab of Loess&Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710075China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Lake Qinghai is the largest inland brackish lake in China and lies within the NE Tibetan Plateau. Our study shows that pollen assemblages in each vegetation belt are significantly correlated with the vegetation types of this area. Among the herbaceous and shrubby pollen assemblages, Artemisia is over-represented, while Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Polygonaceae are under-represented. Artemisia/ Chenopodiaceae (A/C) ratios with the regional vegetation characteristic can be used as a proper index to reconstruct the history of vegetation and climate in Lake Qinghai basin. modern pollen in the lake mainly comes from the nearby vegetation, controlled by the directions and velocity of the wind. The distribution of modern pollen in Lake Qinghai tends to be similar in most part of the lake. The difference of pollen sedimentation process in the lake can be potentially influenced by the focusing function of the lake, river streams, and lake current.

关键词： Lake Qinghai basin modern pollen pollen sources dominant factors

A pioneer of modern Chinese Physiology: Dr. Robert Kho-Seng Lim

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Protein & Cell 2020年第3期11卷 155-157页

作者： Fang Zhang China University of Political Science and Law Beijing 102249China

Dr.Robert Kho-Seng Lim(林可胜)was a legendary figure in modern Chinese physiology and medical fields(Fig.1).He was a famous physiologist and was considered as a pioneer of modern Chinese Physiology.He was also an ardent patriot and organized medical relief corps and trained various medical workers to meet the needs of China during the war.He was a man of modesty,wisdom,fortitude and tenacity.

关键词： Lim modern 林可胜

Cornell University and modern biology in China

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Protein & Cell 2012年第3期3卷 171-172页

作者： Ming Li Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The development of modern biology in China can be traced back to the early 1910s,when the first group of young Chinese was sent abroad for higher education.They were mainly supported by the Boxer Indemnity Fund and other American philanthropic funds,such as the Rockefeller Foundation’s China Medical Board and the China Foundation.Therefore,most of these young Chinese received their scientific training in certain American universities like the Columbia University and Cornell University.

关键词： funds Cornell modern

Chia-Chen Tan and genetics in modern China

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Protein & Cell 2019年第5期10卷 313-314页

作者： Lei Fu Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004China

Chia-Chen Tan(谈家桢,1909-2008)was one of the most important founders of genetics in modern China and made great effort to the inter nation alization of Chinese gen etics(Fig.1).Chia-Chen Tan was born on September 15,1909 in Zhejiang Provinee.He studied in missionary middle school and public high school successively before being admitted to Soochow Un iversity without exami nation.He majored in biology in university and became interested in genetics.After graduating in 1930,he entered YenChing University and learnt from Ju-Chi Li(李汝祺)(Fig.2)who was the first Chinese student to receive a doctor's degree from American famous geneticist Thomas Hunt Morgan and was the only genetics professor in YenChing University at that time(Zhang,2017).

关键词： Chia-Chen Tan genetics modern

Effects of igneous bodies on modification of modern slope morphology: Insights from the continental slope offshore Dongsha Islands, South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第5期38卷 109-117页

作者： Chao Liang Xinong Xie Hua Wang Guangjian Zhong Entao Liu Ming Sun Hai Yi Chunyu Qin Haiyang Cao Jie He Yanpu Zhao College of Marine Science and Technology China University of GeosciencesWuhan Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of GeosciencesWuhan Faculty of Earth Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey China Geological Survey Institute of Sedimentary Geology Chengdu University of Technology

A statistical analysis for the morphological parameters extracted from numerous seismic profiles, and a highresolution seismic study of the southeastern slope of the Dongsha Islands(South China Sea) with water depth between approximately 500 and 3 100 m, has revealed the variation of morphological features due to the intrusion of igneous bodies and associated sedimentary processes. Three types of the continental slope are distinguished:(1) a rough and steep slope with multiple igneous bodies(Type 1),(2) a relatively smooth and gentle slope with the single igneous body(Type 2), and(3) a smooth and gentle slope without igneous bodies(Type 3). These igneous bodies, formed in the post-seafloor spreading of the South China Sea, are often characterized by high positive seismic amplitudes, and chaotic reflections with complex shapes. The igneous bodies in Type 1 separated the slope into two or more upper sub-sags and a lower main-sag, in which the sub-sags and main-sag could be filled with sediments transported by alongslope bottom currents at the same time. Whereas, the igneous body in Type 2 just separated the slope into an upper sub-sag and a lower main-sag, in which the sediments could be transported into the lower main-sag only after the upper sub-sag has been filled up. Type 3 represents a normal slope with common clinoform progradation. The modern slope morphologies in the study area are the results of adjustments of the continental slope due to the intrusion of igneous bodies and associated sedimentary processes. The distinctions among three types of modern slope morphologies indicate different depositional conditions and adjustments of slope morphologies.

关键词： igneous bodies modern slope morphology Dongsha Islands South China Sea

Nondestructive inspection of a brick-timber structure in a modern architectural heritage building:Lecture hall of the Anyuan Miners' Club,China

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2019年第3期8卷 348-358页

作者： Jian Jiao Qiuling Xia Fei Shi School of Architecture Southeast UniversityNanjingChina Jiangsu Southeast University Testing and Inspection Technology Company NanjingChina

Detailed survey and inspection of the structure of the lecture hall of the Anyuan Miners’Club were conducted during a restoration project.Nondestructive inspection measures were used to assess the physical and mechanical conditions of the structure.The brick and wood structures of the building were tested,the overall bearing capacity was calculated,and a safety appraisal was conducted in accordance with the codes and standards of the existing building.Inspection results provide architects and construction engineers with reliable data to develop a preservation plan and ensure the safety of the heritage building.

关键词： modern architectural heritage Brick-timber structure In situ assessment Nondestructive inspection Safety appraisal

Using a modern analogue to interpret depositional position in ancient fluvial-tidal channels:Example from the McMurray Formation,Canada

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第6期10卷 2219-2238页

作者： Andrew D.La Croix Shahin E.Dashtgard James A.MacEachern Energy Initiative University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia Applied Research in Ichnology and Sedimentology(ARISE)Group Department of Earth SciencesSimon Fraser University8888 University DriveBurnabyBCV5A 1S6Canada

The fluvial-tidal transition(FTT)is a complex depositional zone,where fluvial flow is modified by tides as rivers approach a receiving marine basin.Variations in the relative importance of tidal versus fluvial processes lead to a distinctive distribution of sediments that accumulate on channel bars.The FTT generally consists of three broad zones:(1)a freshwater-tidal zone;(2)a tidally influenced freshwater to brackish-water transition:and(3)a zone of relatively sustained brackish-water conditions with stronger tides.A very common type of deposit through the fluvial-tidal transition,especially on the margins of migrating channels,is inclined heterolithic stratification(IHS).At present,a detailed account of changes in the character of IHS across the FIT of a paleo-channel system has not been reported,although a number of modern examples have been documented.To fill this gap,we quantitatively assess the sedimentology and ichnology of IHS from seven cored intervals in three geographic areas situated within the youngest paleovalley("A"Valley)in the Lower Cretaceous McMurray Formation of Alberta.Canada.We compare the data to trends defined along the FTT in the present-day Fraser River in British Columbia.Canada to interpret paleo-depositional position in the ancient fluvial-tidal channels.Analysis determined that the mean mudstone thickness is 8.2 cm in the southern study area(SA).Mean thickness increases to 11 cm in the central study area(CA),and decreases again to 4.4 cm in the northern study area(NA).The proportion of mudstone is 31%in SA,44%in CA,and 27%in NA.Thicknessweighted mean bioturbation intensity in sands varied from 0.29 in SA and CA.to 0.28 in NA.On the other hand,thickness-weighted mean bioturbation intensity(Bl)in mudstone increases from 1.46 in SA.to 1.77 in CA.and is 1.94 in NA.The ichnological diversity also increased from south to north.Sedimentological results show sinilar trends to those of the Fraser River,enabling the identification of a freshwater to brackish-water transition zone with tidal in

关键词： Fluvial-tidal transition McMurray Formation Fraser river Inclined heterolithic stratification modern analogue Quantirative sedimentology and ichnology