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Growth and Cycles in China's Unbalanced Development: Resource misallocation, Debt Overha ng, Economic Inequality, and the Importance of Structural Reforms

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2019年第1期14卷 53-71页

作者： Kevin X.D. Huang Department of Economics Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA Institute for Advanced Research Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Shanghai 200433 China

The recent China's growth slowdown is both cyclical and secular, driven by external and internal factors. In this article, I highlight several key internal factors that have hindered China's growth in recent years. These include worsening misallocation of resources and declining growth of total factor productivity, plus rising household income inequality and debt overhang in the face of tightened liquidity constraint. All of these show the urgency for deepening reforms in China's key macroeconomic landscapes in order to remove institutional barriers and distortions deep-rooted in the nation's economic and financial structure, and to correct fundamental imperfections of its socialeconomic system. 1 argue that such refonns are of critical importance for China's pursuit of healthy and sustainable growth and of balanced and adequate development going forward.

关键词： growth slowdown distortion resource misallocation total factor productivity (TFP) debt overhang income inequality liquidity constraint reform

Super Efficiency and misallocation: Evidence from Vietnamese Electric-Computer Industry

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American Journal of Operations Research 2018年第2期8卷 63-81页

作者： Nguyen Khac Minh Pham Van Khanh Nguyen Thi Phuong Thang Long Institute of Mathematics and Applied Science Hanoi Vietnam Faculty of Economics and Management Thang Long University Hanoi Vietnam

misallocation means that the source is not distributed efficiently. This leads to an important question of how the relationship between misallocation and efficiency is (see [1]). The purpose of this study is to address the empirical relationship between misallocation and efficiency in the electric and computer industry in Vietnam during the 2005-2015 periods. To do this, we built a model that allowed us to evaluate the impact of misallocation and other factors on efficiency. The slack-based measured efficiency (SBM) model (Tone [2]), and the super-efficient model (Tone [3]) are used to estimate the firms’ efficiency. The approach of Hsieh and Klenow [4] is used to measure misallocation in the study area. Estimated results of the model about the relationship between misallocation and efficiency show that the variable representing the misallocation has a negative sign and statistical significance in all models. In other words, the misallocation negatively affects efficiency. The bigger the misallocation, the lower the efficiency.

关键词： misallocation Super-Efficient Slack-Based Measured Efficiency

Lessons Learned from Optimizing the Sunway Storage System for Higher Application I/O Performance

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2020年第1期35卷 47-60页

作者： Qi Chen Kang Chen Zuo-Ning Chen Fellow CCF Wei Xue Xu Ji Bin Yang Department of Computer Science and Technology Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology(BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Chinese Academy of Engineering Beijing 100088China National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi Wuxi 214100China School of Software Shandong UniversityJinan 250101China

It is hard for applications to make full utilization of the peak bandwidth of the storage system in highperformance computers because of I/O interferences,storage resource misallocations and complex long I/O paths.We performed several studies to bridge this gap in the Sunway storage system,which serves the supercomputer Sunway TaihuLight.To locate these issues and connections between them,an end-to-end performance monitoring and diagnosis tool was developed to understand I/O behaviors of applications and the system.With the help of the tool,we were about to find out the root causes of such performance barriers at the I/O forwarding layer and the parallel file system layer.An application-aware I/O forwarding allocation framework was used to address the I/O interferences and resource misallocations at the I/O forwarding layer.A performance-aware data placement mechanism was proposed to mitigate the impact of I/O interferences and performance variations of storage devices in the PFS.Together,applications obtained much better I/O performance.During the process,we also proposed a lightweight storage stack to shorten the I/O path of applications with N-N I/O pattern.This paper summarizes these studies and presents the lessons learned from the process.

关键词： high performance computing I/O interference parallel file system performance optimization resource misallocation

Promote Competitive Neutrality to Facilitate China’s Economic Development:Outlook,Policy Simulations,and Reform Implementation-A Summary of the Annual SUFE Macroeconomic Report(2019-2020)

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2020年第1期15卷 1-24页

作者： Kevin X.D.Huang Zixi Liu Guoqiang Tian Department of Economics Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235USA Institute for Advanced Research Shanghai University of Finance and EconomicsShanghai 200433China Department of Economics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

Twenty nineteen(2019)marked another year of lethargic growth in the Chinese economy amidst escalated internal and external complexities.Internally,the country's macroeconomic landscape was overcast continuously by fallen consumption growth,plunged growth in manufacturing investment,rapid accumulation of household debt,risen income inequality,and the overhang of local government debt.The nation's external conditions did not fare any better,with drastically declined growth in imports and exports,continued trade tensions with the US,and weakened external demand.Based on the IAR-CMM model,which takes account of both cyclical and secular factors,the baseline real GDP growth rate is projected to be 6.0%in 2020(5.9%using more reliable rather than the official data),with a downside risk.Alternative scenario analyses and policy simulations are conducted,in addition to the benchmark forecast,to reflect the influences of various internal and external uncertainties.The findings emanated from these analyses lead us to stress the importance and urgency of deepening reform to achieve competitive neutrality for China’s transformation into a phase with sustainable and high-quality development.

关键词： macroeconomic outlook alternative scenario policy simulation competitive neutrality reform systemic risk resource misallocation

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