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A Possible Impact of Cooling over the Tibetan Plateau on the mid-holocene East Asian Monsoon Climate

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第4期23卷 543-550页

作者：靳立亚王会军陈发虎姜大膀 Center for Arid Environment and Paleoclimate Research Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education) Lanzhou University Nansen-Zhu International Research Center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

By using a 9-level global atmospheric general circulation model developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics （IAP9L-AGCM） under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the authors investigated the response of the East Asian monsoon climate to changes both in orbital forcing and the snow and glaciers over the Tibetan Plateau at the mid-holocene, about 6000 calendar years before the present （6 kyr BP）. With the Earth＇s orbital parameters appropriate for the mid-holocene, the IAP9L-AGCM computed warmer and wetter conditions in boreal summer than for the present day. Under the precondition of continental snow and glacier cover existing over part of the Tibetan Plateau at the mid-holocene, the authors examined the regional climate response to the Tibetan Plateau cooling. The simulations indicated that climate changes in South Asia and parts of central Asia as well as in East Asia are sensitive to the Tibetan Plateau cooling at the mid-holocene, showing a significant decrease in precipitation in northern India, northern China and southern Mongolia and an increase in Southeast Asia during boreal summer. The latter seems to correspond to the weakening, southeastward shift of the Asian summer monsoon system resulting from reduced heat contrast between the Eurasian continent and the Pacific and Indian Oceans when a cooling over the Tibetan Plateau was imposed. The simulation results suggest that the snow and glacier environment over the Tibetan Plateau is an important factor for mid-holocene climate change in the areas highly influenced by the Asian monsoon.

关键词： paleoclimate modeling East Asian summer monsoon mid-holocene Tibetan Plateau snow and glaciers

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Paleoclimate Simulations of the mid-holocene and Last Glacial Maximum by FGOALS

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第3期30卷 684-698页

作者：郑伟鹏俞永强 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

Paleoclimate simulations of the mid-holocene （MH） and Last Glacial maximum （LGM） by the latest versions of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model, Spectral Version 2 and Grid-point Version 2 （FGOALS-s2 and g2） are evaluated in this study. The MH is characterized by changes of insolation induced by orbital parameters, and the LGM is a glacial period with large changes in greenhouse gases, sea level and ice sheets. For the MH, both versions of FGOALS simulate reasonable responses to the changes of insolation, such as the enhanced summer monsoon in African-Asian regions. Model differences can be identified at regional and seasonal scales. The global annual mean surface air temperature （TAS） shows no significant change in FGOALS-s2, while FGOALS-g2 shows a global cooling of about 0.7~C that is related with a strong cooling during boreal winter. The amplitude of ENSO is weaker in FGOALS-g2, which agrees with proxy data. For the LGM, FGOALS-g2 captures the features of the cold and dry glacial climate, including a global cooling of 4.6℃ and a decrease in precipitation by 10%. The ENSO is weaker at the LGM, with a tendency of stronger ENSO cold events. Sensitivity analysis shows that the Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity （ECS） estimated for FGOALS ranges between 4.23℃ and 4.59℃. The sensitivity of precipitation to the changes of TAS is -2.3%℃-1, which agrees with previous studies. FGOALS-g2 shows better simulations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation （AMOC） and African summer monsoon precipitation in the MH when compared with FGOALS-gl.0; however, it is hard to conclude any improvements for the LGM.

关键词： paleoclimate FGOALS PMIP3 mid-holocene LGM

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A Possible Role of Solar Radiation and Ocean in the mid-holocene East Asian Monsoon Climate

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2004年第1期21卷 1-12页

作者：魏江峰王会军 Nansen-Zhu International Research Center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0340 USA Nansen-Zhu International Research Center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029

An atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) and an oceanic general circulation model (OGCM) are asynchronously coupled to simulate the climate of the mid-holocene period. The role of the solar radiation and ocean in the mid-holocene East Asian monsoon climate is analyzed and some mechanisms are revealed. At the forcing of changed solar radiation induced by the changed orbital parameters and the changed SST simulated by the OGCM, compared with when there is orbital forcing alone, there is more precipitation and the monsoon is stronger in the summer of East Asia, and the winter temperature increases over China. These agree better with the reconstructed data. It is revealed that the change of solar radiation can displace northward the ITCZ and the East Asia subtropical jet, which bring more precipitation over the south of Tibet and North and Northeast China. By analyzing the summer meridional latent heat transport, it is found that the influence of solar radiation change is mainly to increase the convergence of atmosphere toward the land, and the influence of SST change is mainly to transport more moisture to the sea surface atmosphere. Their synergistic effect on East Asian precipitation is much stronger than the sum of their respective effects.

关键词： paleoclimate modeling asynchronous coupling mid-holocene East Asian climate monsoon

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The PMIP3 Simulated Climate Changes over Arid Central Asia during the mid-holocene and Last Glacial Maximum

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第3期94卷 725-742页

作者： XU Hongna WANG Tao WANG Huijun MIAO Jiapeng CHEN Jianhui CHEN Shengqian Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Climate Change Research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Nansen-Zhu International Research Center Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

In this study, the climate changes over Arid Central Asia(ACA) during the mid-holocene(approximately 6,000 calendar years ago, MH) and the Last Glacial Maximum(approximately 21,000 calendar years ago, LGM) were investigated using multimodel simulations derived from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 3(PMIP3). During the MH, the multimodel median(MMM) shows that in the core region of ACA, the regionally averaged annual surface air temperature(SAT) decreases by 0.13°C and annual precipitation decreases by 3.45%, compared with the preindustrial(PI) climate. The MMM of the SAT increases by 1.67/0.13°C in summer/autumn, whereas it decreases by 1.23/1.11°C in spring/winter. The amplitude of the seasonal cycles of the SAT increases over ACA due to different MH orbital parameters. For precipitation, the regionally averaged MMM decreases by 5.77%/5.69%/0.39%/5.24% in spring/summer/autumn/winter, respectively. Based on the analysis of the aridity index(AI), compared with the PI, a drier climate appears in southern Central Asia and western Xinjiang due to decreasing precipitation. During the LGM, the MMM shows that the regionally averaged SAT decreases by 5.04/4.36/4.70/5.12/5.88°C and precipitation decreases by 27.78%/28.16%/31.56%/27.74%/23.29% annually and in the spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. Robust drying occurs throughout almost the whole core area. Decreasing precipitation plays a dominant role in shaping the drier conditions, whereas strong cooling plays a secondary but opposite role. In response to the LGM external forcings, over Central Asia and Xinjiang, the seasonal cycle of precipitation has a smaller amplitude compared with that under the PI climate. In the model-data comparison, the simulated MH moisture changes over ACA are to some extent consistent with the reconstructions, further confirming that drier conditions occurred during that period than during the PI.

关键词： PMIP3 climate changes Arid Central Asia mid-holocene Last Glacial Maximum

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Precipitation Pattern of the mid-holocene Simulated by a High-Resolution Regional Climate Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第4期31卷 962-971页

作者： YU Entao WANG Tao GAO Yongqi XIANG Weiling Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Climate Change Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Early proxy-based studies suggested that there potentially occurred a ＂southern drought/northern flood＂（SDNF） over East China in the mid-holocene （from roughly 7000 to 5000 years before present）.In this study,we used both global and regional atmospheric circulation models to demonstrate that the SDNF-namely,the precipitation increases over North China and decreases over the the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley--could have taken place in the mid-holocene.We found that the SDNF in the mid-holocene was likely caused by the lower SST in the Pacific.The lowered SST and the higher air temperature over China's Mainland increased the land-sea thermal contrast and,as a result,strengthened the East Asian summer monsoon and enhanced the precipitation over North China.

关键词： mid-holocene East China southern drought/northern flood

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MM5 Simulations of the China Regional Climate During the mid-holocene

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2010年第4期24卷 468-483页

作者：刘煜何金海李维亮陈隆勋李薇张博 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

Using a regional climate model MM5 nested with an atmospheric global climate model CCM3, a series of simulations and sensitivity experiments have been performed to investigate responses of the mid-holocene climate to different factors over China. Model simulations of the mid-holocene climate change, especially the precipitation change, are in good agreement with the geologic records. Model results show that relative to the present day （PD） climate, the temperature over China increased in the mid-holocene, and the increase in summer is more than that in winter. The summer monsoon strengthened over the eastern China north of 30°N, and the winter monsoon weakened over the whole eastern China; the precipitation increased over the west part of China, North China, and Northeast China, and decreased over the south part of China. The sensitive experiments indicate that changes in the global climate （large-scale circulation background）, vegetation, earth orbital parameter, and CO2 concentration led to the mid-holocene climate change relative to the PD climate, and changes in precipitation, temperature and wind fields were mainly affected by change of the large-scale circulation background, especially with its effect on precipitation exceeding 50%. Changes in vegetation resulted in increasing of temperature in both winter and summer over China, especially over eastern China; furthermore, its effect on precipitation in North China accounts for 25% of the total change. Change in the orbital parameter produced the larger seasonal variation of solar radiation in the mid-holocene than the PD, which resulted in declining of temperature in winter and increasing in summer; and also had an important effect on precipitation with an effect equivalent to vegetation in Northeast China and North China. During the mid-holocene, CO2 content was only 280×10^-6, which reduced temperature in a very small magnitude. Therefore, factors affecting the mid-holocene climate change over China from strong to weak are large-scale circulation pattern,

关键词： mid-holocene China earth orbital parameter vegetation large-scale circulation background field

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mid-holocene climate change in North China, and the effect on cultural development

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第5期47卷 408-413页

作者： JIN Guiyun & LIU Dongsheng (LIU Tungsheng)Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Shandong Province, Jinan 250012, China Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Shandong Province Jinan China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

In this study, to reconstruct the paleoclimatic history, pollen and oxygen isotope were analyzed on the 160 samples of a 2.7 m peat core from Taishizhuang, Huailai County, Hebei Province. Combining our data with other information of climate history and archaeology from this area, we found that there is a close linkage between cultural development and the mid-holocene (6000-3000 cal. aBP) environment changes. The main results and conclusions are presented as the following: The climate during 5678-5400 cal. aBP was unstable and in general colder and drier than today. From 5400 to 4800 cal. aBP the climate was much warmer and wetter than before. The climate during 4800-4300 cal. aBP was persistently cold, with an exceptional cold event occurring at 4600-4300 cal. aBP. This cold event was recorded at several other localities in Northern China even the Northern Hemisphere and played an important role in the cultural development. After the cold event, there was a return to warmer conditions between 4200 and

关键词： North China peat mid-holocene cold event cultural development.

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Contribution of Mountain River Materials to the Continental Shelf off Southeastern Hainan Island Since the mid-holocene

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2019年第5期18卷 1123-1129页

作者： TIAN Xu JIANG Zuzhou GAO Wei LIU Zhaoqing LIU Xiling FAN Ying QIN Shengjie JING Chunlei XU Yue LIU Baohua XU Fangjian National Deep Sea Center Qingdao 266237China School of Geosciences China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071China China Three Gorges New Energy Co. Ltd.Beijing 100053China China National Offshore Oil Corporation International LimitedBeijing 100027China

The concentrations of rare earth elements(REEs)in the bulk sediment of Core X2,which was collected from southeastern Hainan Island,were analyzed to investigate the relative contributions of various provenance regions since mid-holocene.The results show that sediments in Core X2 were primarily derived from Hainan Island with lesser amounts from Taiwan and limited input from the Pearl River.Based on the application of quantitative inversion to model the REE data,the average contributions of river materials from southeastern Hainan Island and southwestern Taiwan to the study area were 68%and 32%,respectively.Furthermore,starting at 4.0 kyr BP,the transport of fluvial sediments from Taiwan to the study region increased due to enhanced hydrodynamics in South China Sea(SCS).These results indicate that the contributions of mountain river materials from Hainan Island and Taiwan to the continental shelf of northern SCS are non-negligible.Furthermore,these results demonstrate that mountain rivers can play an important role in the material cycle of continental margins and may feature a greater impact than large river systems in specific continental shelf areas.

关键词： continental shelf South China Sea mid-holocene rare earth elements provenance

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Revisiting mid-holocene Temperature over China Using PMIP3 Simulations

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2015年第6期8卷 358-364页

作者： TIAN Zhi-Ping JIANG Da-Bang Climate Change Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Using the simulations performed by 15 cli mate models under the latest protocol of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project(PMIP)Phase 3(PMIP3),the authors revisited the annual and seasona temperature changes over China during the mid-holocene Similar to the previous results produced by PMIP Phase 1(PMIP1)and 2(PMIP2)models,14(15)of the 15 PMIP3models reproduced colder annual(boreal winter and spring)temperature in response to mid-holocene insola tion changes,with an average cooling of 0.33 K(1.31 K and 1.58 K)over China.The mid-holocene boreal sum mer(autumn)temperature increased in all(13)of the 15PMIP3 models,with an average warming of 1.02 K(0.61K)at the national scale.Those changes simulated by the PMIP3 models were similar to those from the PMIP2simulations but generally weaker than those from the PMIP1 models.A considerable mismatch still existed between the simulated cooling by the PMIP3 models and the reconstructed warming for annual and winter tem peratures over China during the mid-holocene,as wa also the case between the previous PMIP1/2 simulation and proxy data.

关键词： mid-holocene temperature over China PMIP3 simulati

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A mid-holocene drought interval as evidenced by lake desiccation in the Alashan Plateau, Inner Mongolia, China

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Science Bulletin 2003年第14期48卷 1401-1410页

作者： J.A.Holmes D.B.Madsen C.G.Oviatt USA University College-London Desert Research Institute Department of Geography Environmental Change Research Center WC1H 0AP KS 66506 USA Correspondence should be addressed to Chen Fahu Department of Geology Reno Kansas State University London NV 89512 Division of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences Manhattan UK

The mid-holocene in China is traditionally thought to be a warm and humid period with a strong summer monsoon, and is often termed the holocene Climatic Optimum or Megathermal Period. Here we present lake geomorphologic and lithological evidence from the Alashan Plateau, part of the Mongolian Plateau, that indicates strong lake desiccation during the mid-holocene. High resolution pollen data from Zhuyeze Lake, at the present summer monsoon margin, is also presented. These data show that present lakes and wetlands in the Juyanze Lake basin west of the Badain Jaran desert, in the Zhuyeze Lake basin between the Badain Jaran and Tengger deserts, and in lakes in the eastern Tengger desert, dried or experienced low lake levels in the mid-holocene around 5000—7000 cal yr BP. Pollen data further indicate that the vegetation cover declined in both the local areas and in the Qilian Mountains, suggesting the climate was drier than that associated with the present Asian summer monsoon. This mid-holocene drought interval was present throughout a quite large region of the south Inner Mongolian Plateau. The period was also probably colder, at least in the high Asian plateaus and mountains.

关键词： western Inner Mongolian Plateau mid-holocene lake desiccation dry climate.

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