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Genotoxicity biomarkers in aquatic bioindicators

Current Zoology 2014年第2期60卷 273-284页

作者： Claudia BOLOGNESI Silvia CIRILLO Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino- IST Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sulCancro L.go Rosanna Benzi 10 Genova Italy

Pollution of the aquatic environment is an ever-growing problem, as waters are the ultimate sink for the large number of xenobiotics from multiple sources. DNA damaging agents have a significant ecological relevance since they are implicated in many pathological processes and exert effects beyond that of individual being active through following generations. A large number of methods have been applied to evaluate genotoxic damage in different aquatic species. Comet assay, as method for de- tecting DNA alterations, and micronucleus test, as an index of chromosomal damage are the most widely applied and validated methods in field studies. These methods were applied in different vertebrate and invertebrate aquatic species, but only mollusk and fish species have been employed in routine biomonitoring programs. Mussels, due to their widely geographical distribution and the suitability for caging represent the bioindicator of choice in field studies. Mytilus species is the most used marine mussel. The use of fish is limited to specific geographic areas. The present review mainly focuses on the application of comet assay and micronucleus test in mussels. A number of biomonitoring studies in mussels, using comet assay or micronucleus test, revealed exposure to different classes of genotoxic compounds with a good discrimination power. The different evidence from the two as- says, reflects different biological mechanisms for the two genetic endpoints, DNA damage and chromosomal damage, suggesting their combined application in the field. Different endogenous and exogenous factors have been shown to modulate the genotoxic responses in mussels, acting as confounding factors in environmental monitoring. The use of standardized protocol for caging, sampling and genotoxity evaluation is critical in biomonitoring studies. The use of a multimarker approach coupling genotoxicity biomarkers with physiological and biochemical factors allows to have a complete picture of the environmenta

关键词： Aquatic animals Genotoxicity Bioindicator Biomarker micronucleus test Comet assay Bivalve Mussel

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Study on the water quality of the Taihu Lake using genotoxicological methods

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1998年第1期10卷 105-111页

作者： Wu Qing long, Chen Kai ning Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China Kong Zhi ming, Zang Yu The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Department of Environmental S

The micronucleus(MCN) test of Vicia faba root tip cell was used to screen the water quality of the Taihu Lake. The MCN ‰ and the pollution index ( PI ) were examined and the F test was carried out to evaluate the statistical difference in mean MCN ‰ among various samples. There were significant difference among thirty nine samples and there were six sites whose PI values are above 2. The authors suggest that the Taihu Lake has partly been polluted to different degrees and the whole water body can be divided into three types. Ames tests were then conducted to detect mutagenicity at five significant sites. The results showed that rivers flowing through urban area carried large amount of mutagenic pollutants into the lake and these pollutants contaminated the source of main waterworks.

关键词： Taihu Lake water quality micronucleus test Ames test.

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Genotoxic Effects in Mice Exposed to Radon Emissions in Indoor Conditions. Comparison between in utero and Neonatal Exposures

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Journal of Life Sciences 2016年第2期10卷 66-76页

作者： Cristiano Foschi Manuel Luis Orta Licia Radicchi Germana Szpunar Mauro Cristaldi Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin Faculty of Mathematical Physical and Natural Sciences University ofRome Rome 00161 Italy Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Biology University of Seville Seville 41012 Spain Civic Museum of Zoology via U. Aldrovandi 18 Rome 00197 Italy

The purpose of this study was to develop a biological model to evaluate the genotoxic effects of natural emissions of Radon-222 and its decay products. To this aim, mice of the Swiss CD1 strain were exposed to Radon for different periods （adult life, early postnatal and in utero exposure） and two simple but accurate mutagenicity tests （micronucleus test and the Comet assay） were applied to the peripheral blood of mice. The study was carried out in two small towns in Latium region--ltaly, where radon pollution is notoriously present due to the volcanic soils. One experiment was carried out in the cellar of a house in Ciampino （Rome） and two experiments were performed in an old cellar in Vetralla （Viterbo）. The results showed that in all mice groups exposed to natural emissions of radon and its decay products, the micronucleated erythrocytes frequency （ME） was significantly higher than that observed in the mice control. The single cell gel electrophoresis （Comet assay） was performed in lymphocytes of adult mice in the last experiment. The results for this test also show that DNA damage was higher than in the cells of the mice control and the cells of mice exposed for a shorter period of time. To confirm these findings, the single cell gel electrophoresis （Comet assay） was performed in lymphocytes of adult mice in the last experiment. Similarly, this result could be linked to a greater sensitivity of neonatal mice to radon emissions compared with intrauterine mice. Further investigations on the effects of radon and its decay products during the intrauterine life and the first neonatal period should be performed to better clarify its genotoxic activity.

关键词： Radon genotoxicity DNA damage micronucleus test comet assay.

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Hesperidin Reduces Cisplatin-lnduced DNA Damage in Bone Marrow Cells of Mice

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2017年第5期5卷 282-288页

作者： Tatiane da Silva Passos Esdras Andrade Santana Maina Mantovanelli da Mota Jean Carlos Vencioneck Dutra Juliana Macedo Delarmelina Maria do Carmo Pimentel Batitucci Departamento de Ciencias Biologieas Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo Vitoria 29075-91 Brazil

Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid abundantly found in citrus fruits and displays chemoprotective effects against DNA （deoxyribonucleic acid） damage, however there are few reports about hesperidin effects against cisplatin-DNA damage induction. The aim of this work was to evaluate hesperidin antimutagenicity against cisptatin-DNA damage. （1） The antimutagenicity of hesperidin was assayed by bone marrow of mice in vivo using the micronucleus test. Hesperidin pre-treatment protocol reduced the frequency of MNPCE （micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes） and the dose of 100 mg·kg-1 was highest efficiency, with 65.24% of damage reduction. In the simultaneous treatment protocol, the dose of 200 mg·kg-1 exhibited a more effective reduction of MNPCE, with 94.01% of damage reduction. （2） Hesperidin was also effective in reducing the MNPCE frequency in the post-treatment protocol for all doses, with 77.48%, 82.13% and 90.08% of damage reduction at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg·kg-1, respectively. From the study, it can be concluded that hesperidin was able to promote the reduction of micronuclei frequency and DNA damage induced by cisplatin. Hesperidin is a powerful antioxidant compound and its chemoprotective effects on DNA may occur due to its association with the antioxidant cell system which is responsible for eliminate free radicals generated by chemical harmful to DNA.

关键词： Hesperidin micronucleus test DNA damage chemoprotection antimutagenicity.

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Bioimpatibility study of magnetosomes formed by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Bioimpatibility study of magnetosomes formed by Acidithiobac...

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第三届全国微生物资源学术暨国家微生物资源平台运行服务研讨会

作者： Lei Yan a,b,Shuang Zhang b,Peng Chen c,Xiaoxuan Yue a,Yang Li a,Zhiliang Xu a,Hongyu Li a,a MOE Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology,School of Life Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,730000,PR China b College of Life Science and Technology,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing,163319,PR China c GIBT,Gansu Institute of Business and Technology,South of the City Beach 268,Lanzhou,730010,PR China

Magnetotactic bacteria(MTB) are motile prokaryotes that have the ability to propel along geomagnetic field *** of MTB are intracellular magnetosomes,which are magnetic crystals of either iron oxide,magnetite(Fe3O4),or iron sulfide,greigite(Fe3S4) or iron pyrite(FeS2) enveloped by a phospholipid bilayer *** has been reported that Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(***) is able to produce *** comparison with fastidious magnetotactic bacteria,*** can grow without the drastic regimes of oxidative stress,and the mass cultivation of this bacteria has been easily *** there is extensive literature on the biocompatibility of chemosynthetic magnetite nanocrystal,much less information on the biocompatibility of biosynthetic magnetite nanocrystal is *** the present work,the orthogonal design of experiment was used to optimize the condition of *** growth and magnetosomes *** results indicated that the optimized conditions of *** growth and magnetosomes synthesizing were not *** optimized conditions for the growth of *** were found to be:FeSO4 120 mM,(NH4)2SO4 3.0 g/L,temperature 30 oC,initial pH 1.75,and 20% ***,the optimized conditions for magnetosomes synthesizing of *** were found to be:FeSO4 160 mM,(NH4)2SO4 2.4 g/L,temperature 20 oC,initial pH 1.75,and 50% *** purification of the magnetosomes can be accomplished by washing eight to ten times with HEPES buffer,along with lysozyme treatment,low-temperature ultrasonication,and magnet *** investigated the properties of magnetosomes produced by *** in detail,such as crystalline phase,vitro cytotoxicity,blood compatibility,genotoxicity and primary functional group on the magnetosomes membrane *** electron microscopy(TEM) revealed that the number of magnetosomes in single bacterial cell is about *** X-ray diffraction(XRD

关键词： Magnetotactic bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Magenetosomes Biocompatibility Hemolysis assay micronucleus test

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The Preliminary Study of Certain Pharmacological Effects of Xi Xin Oil

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 1993年第2期2卷 156-158页

作者：胡月娟徐军纪绿屏上海中医学院药理教研室上海200032 Department of Pharmacology Srinakharinwirot UniversityBangkokThailand

细辛油能松弛兔离体主动脉条,使去甲肾上腺素所致主动脉收缩的量效曲线右移并效能降低;使离体兔耳灌流量减少;能延长小鼠常压耐缺氧时间;用其1/2 LD_(50)之剂量腹腔注射给药3天,可致小鼠骨髓微核形成增加。

关键词： Xi Xin Oil Aorta strip Anoxia tolerance micronucleus test

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