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Dose Response of Ruminal microbial flora and Metabolism of Sheep to Supplemental Polyacrylamide

Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2022年第1期14卷 7-15页

作者： Chen Mo Luo Qiujiang Chen Yong Liu Shimin Zang Changjiang Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal ScienceXinjiang A gricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052China UWA Institute of Apiculture The University of Western A ustraliaCrawley WA 6009A ustralia

[Objective] The paper was to test the effects of polyacrylamide(PAM) on ruminal microbial flora, activities of fibre-degrading enzymes and voluntary feed intake(VFI) of sheep. [Method] Five of 2-3 years old male Small-tail Han sheep, with body weight of(51.5±4.1) kg and fitted with permanent rumen fistula were used. By a 5×5 Latin square design, sheep were fed a basal diet supplemented with PAM at 0(control), 1.0, 2.0,3.0 and 6.0 g/kg diet, respectively. [Result] PAM supplementation affected VFI and ruminal indexes, and the peak values of them were at 2.0 g/kg diet by 17.9% for VFI, 56.6% for total bacteria, 18.3% for endocellulase, 19.4% for exocellulase and 16.5% for cellubiase( all P<0.05), respectively,compared with control. The NH3-N, protozoal counts, and the protease activity in rumen fluid were all linearly declined, but fungal counts increased linearly. No significant changes were found in pH, activities of xylanase and amylase of rumen fluid. The PCR copies of Fibrobacter succinogenes,Ruminococcus albus, Butyrivibrio fibrisolven and Selenomonas ruminantium increased to maximum of 21.4%, 22.7%, 22.6% and 20.6%(all above P<0.05), whereas these of Prevotella bryantii, Clostridium aminophilum, methanogens and microscopic counting of great coli decreased to maximum of 24.5%, 34.8%, 21.2% and 52.2%(all above P<0.05);but Salmonella bovis and Prevotella ruminicola were not affected by PAM. [Conclusion]PAM supplementation at 2.0 g/kg diet can reduce protozoa but increase bacteria, particularly those species for fibre digestion, and fungi in rumen.The effect of PAM on bacterial species was selective. These changes finally enhanced activities of enzymes for fibre digestion in rumen, and stimu-lated VFI of sheep, suggesting a potential application of PAM in ruminant production.

关键词： Polyacrylamide Sheep microbial flora Feed intake Rumen

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Is Regular Probiotic Practice Safe for Management of Sepsis?

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第2期28卷 185-192页

作者： Rishabh Kumar Alok Shiomurti Tripathi Nidhi Sharma Gaaminepreet Singh Lucy Mohapatra Department of Pharmacology ISF College of PharmacyMoga(Punjab)India Department of Pharmacology Amity Institute of PharmacyAmity UniversityLucknow(UP)India

For decades,the gut has been thought to play an important role in sepsis pathogenesis.Sepsis is a serious life-threatening,chronic condition of an infection caused by dysregulated host immune response in most of the intensive care unit patients.Probiotics have dual roles in polymicrobial sepsis i.***.probiotics may induce sepsis in many cases and may prevent its prognosis in many cases.Experimental evidence from both pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that probiotic therapy ameliorates various inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor,interleukin-10(IL-10),IL-6,etc.,in septicemia.In addition,probiotic use was also found to reduce the severity of pathological conditions associated with irritable bowel disorder and prevent development of endocarditis in septicemia.On contrary,probiotic therapy in neonatal and athymic adult mice fail to provide any beneficial effects on mortality and sepsis-induced inflammation.Importantly,in few clinical trials probiotic use was found to aggravate sepsis by promoting inflammatory cascade rather than suppressing it.This review discusses various studies regarding the beneficial or harmful effects associated with probiotic therapy in sepsis.

关键词： sepsis probiotics microbial flora immune system

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Enzymology properties of two different xylanases and their impacts on growth performance and intestinal microflora of weaned piglets

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第1期2卷 18-23页

作者： Qinghua Chen Mengwei Li Xiong Wang College of Animal Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural University

The enzyme xylanase is more and more widely used in feed production, but different xylanase have different properties, mechanism and application effects. To provide a theoretical basis for choosing more suitable xylanase in feed production, we selected bacterial xylanase(BX), labeled enzyme A, and trichoderma xylanase(TX), labeled enzyme B, and studied the enzymology properties and application effects on growth performance and gut flora in weaned piglets. The results showed that the activity levels of both appear parabolic along with increasing pH or temperature, but the amplitude of enzyme activity changing curves and the pH/temperature of optimal activity level are different, where enzyme A has the optimal activity level at 50 ℃ with a pH value of 5.0. The optimal activity level of enzyme B was achieved at 70 ℃ with a pH around 6.0. Enzyme B suffered very little activity loss with moisture level at16% and temperature from 80℃ to 90 ℃. Enzyme A suffered a big drop in activity level when processed with high temperature from around 80 ℃ to 90 ℃, and it was even completely inactivated at 90 ℃,Enzyme A has very low activity level after being processed in acid environment, but enzyme B has minor changes in activity level with respect to changes in acid level, indicating significantly different enzymatic properties between the two different sources of xylanases. In feeding experiment, the control group, was fed the basal diet, and the BX group and TX group were fed basal diets supplemented with 0,01% bacterial and fungal xylanases, respectively. The results showed that ADG of the BX group and TX group increased by 3.25%(P> 0.05) and 8.22%(P 0.05), respectively compared with the control group; TX group had significantly higher(P < 0.05) ADG compared with BX group; BX group and TX group had significantly lower ileum Escherichia coli level than the control group, which were reduced by up to 12.98%(P < 0.05) and 11.68%(P < 0.05), respect

关键词： Xylanase Enzymology characteristics Weaned piglet Growth performance microbial flora

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