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Responses of soil microbial communities and functions associated with organic carbon mineralization to nitrogen addition in a Tibetan grassland

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Pedosphere 2020年第2期30卷 214-225页

作者： Ruyi LUO Jiafa LUO Jianling FAN Deyan LIU Jin-Sheng HE Nazia PERVEEN Weixin DING State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049China AgResearch Limited Ruakura Research CentreHamilton 3240New Zealand Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental SciencesKey Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Alpine grasslands with a high soil organic carbon(SOC)storage on the Tibetan Plateau are experiencing rapid climate warming and anthropogenic nitrogen(N)deposition;this is expected to substantially increase the soil N availability,which may impact carbon(C)cycling.However,little is known regarding how N enrichment influences soil microbial communities and functions relative to C cycling in this region.We conducted a 4-year field experiment on an alpine grassland to evaluate the effects of four different rates of N addition(0,25,50,and 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1)on the abundance and community structure(phospholipid fatty acids,PLFAs)of microbes,enzyme activities,and community level physiological profiles(CLPP)in soil.We found that N addition increased the microbial biomass C(MBC)and N(MBN),along with an increased abundance of bacterial PLFAs,especially Gram-negative bacterial PLFAs,with a decreasing ratio of Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria.The N addition also stimulated the growth of fungi,especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,reducing the ratio of fungi to bacteria.microbial functional diversity and activity of enzymes involved in C cycling(β-1,4-glucosidase and phenol oxidase)and N cycling(β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase)increased after N addition,resulting in a loss of SOC.A meta-analysis showed that the soil C/N ratio was a key factor in the response of oxidase activity to N amendment,suggesting that the responses of soil microbial functions,which are linked to C turnover relative to N input,primarily depended upon the soil C/N ratio.Overall,our findings highlight that N addition has a positive influence on microbial communities and their associated functions,which may reduce soil C storage in alpine grasslands under global change scenarios.

关键词： alpine grassland C cycling C turnover community level physiological profiles(CLPP) enzyme activity microbial community composition microbial function N input

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Chronic Nitrogen Fertilization Modulates Competitive Interactions Among microbial Ammonia Oxidizers in a Loess Soil

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Pedosphere 2019年第1期29卷 24-33页

作者： DONG Xingchen ZHANG Jian QIU Huizhen ZHANG He LUO Chaoyue DENG Delei SHEN Qirong JIA Zhongjun College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Gansu Agricultural University Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science Gansu Agricultural University College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nitrogen(N) application may lead to niche segregation of soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) and bacteria(AOB), thereby reducing the competitive interactions between AOA and AOB due to higher ammonium substrate availability. However, the adaptive mechanisms of AOA and AOB under N enrichment remain poorly understood. Stable isotope probing(SIP) microcosm incubation was employed to reveal community changes of active AOA and AOB in a loess soil from a field experiment growing potatoes that received no N(control, CK), low N(LN, 75 kg N ha^(-1)), and high N(HN, 375 kg N ha^(-1)). The results showed that the soil potential nitrification rate(PNR) was measured by culturing of the soil samples from the field experiment. Soil PNR was significantly increased in HN by87.5% and 67.5% compared with CK and LN, respectively. Compared with CK, the^(13)C-amoA genes of soil AOA and AOB in HN had 2.58 × 10~4 and 1.55 × 10~6 copies, representing 1.6-and 16.2-fold increase respectively. It was indicated that AOB dominated soil ammonia oxidation. A phylogenetic analysis of the^(13)C-amoA gene showed that N application significantly increased the proportion of54 d9-like AOA up to 90% in HN, while the Nitrososphaera gargensis-like and Nitrososphaera viennensis-like AOA were inhibited and completely disappeared. Nitrogen application also resulted in the community shift of active AOB-dominant group from Nitrosospira briensis-like to Nitrosospira sp. TCH711-like. Our study provides compelling evidence for the emergence and maintenance of active nitrifying communities under the intensified N input to an agricultural ecosystem.

关键词： ammonia monooxygenase ammonia-oxidizing archaea ammonia-oxidizing bacteria chronic nitrogen application microbial community potential nitrification rate stable isotope probing

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Short-Term Response of Soil microbial Biomass to Different Chabazite Zeolite Amendments

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Pedosphere 2018年第2期28卷 277-287页

作者： Giacomo FERRETTI Katharina Maria KEIBLINGER Dario DI GIUSEPPE Barbara FACCINI Nicolò COLOMBANI Sophie ZECHMEISTER-BOLTENSTERN Massimo COLTORTI Micòl MASTROCICCO Deptartment of Physics and Earth Sciences University of Ferrara Via Saragat 1 Ferrara 44122 (Italy) Institute of Soil Research Department of Forest and Soil Sciences University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) Peter Jordan Strasse 82 Vienna 1190 (Austria) Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa) Piazzale Flaminio Roma 900196 (Italy) Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies Second University of Naples Caserta 81100(Italy)

Zeolitites (ZTs) are rocks containing more than 50% of zeolite minerals and are known to be a suitable material for agricultural purposes by improving soil physicochemical properties and nitrogen (N) use efficiency. However, little is known about their effects on soil microbial biomass. This study aimed to evaluate short-term effects of different chabazite-rich ZT (CHAZT) amendments on soil microbial biomass and activity. A silty-clay agricultural soil was amended in three different ways, including the addition of natural (5% and 15%) and NH_4^+-enriched (10%) CHAZT. Soil dissolved organic carbon (C), total dissolved N, NH_4^+, NO_3^-, NO_2^-, microbial biomass C and N, and ergosterol were measured periodically over 16 d in a laboratory incubation. To verify the microbial immobilization of the N derived from NH_4^+-enriched CHAZT, a high15N source was used for enriching the mineral to measure the microbial biomass δ15N signature. An increase in the ergosterol content was observed in the soil amended with 5% natural CHAZT. However, no similar result was observed in the soil amended with 15% natural CHAZT, suggesting that the fungal biomass was favored at a lower CHAZT application rate. In the soil amended with NH+ 4-enriched CHAZT, microbial biomass N was related to NO_3^-production over time and inversely related to NH_4^+, suggesting high nitrification process. Isotopic measurements on microbial biomass confirmed immediate assimilation of N derived from NH_4^+-enriched CHAZT. These results suggested that the NH_4^+-enriched CHAZT used in this study supplied an immediately available N pool to the microbial biomass.

关键词： ergosterol microbial biomass δ15N natural zeolite NH4+-enriched zeolite nitrification slow-release fertilizer

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Role of calcimicrobes and microbial carbonates in the Late Carboniferous(Moscovian) mounds in southern Guizhou,South China

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2019年第4期8卷 346-359页

作者： Wen-Tao Huang Yong-Li Zhang Chang-Qing Guan Zhuo-Wei Miao Xiao-Hong Chen Zhen-Yuan Yang Xiao Li En-Pu Gong College of Resources and Civil Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819Liaoning ProvineeChina College of Resources and Materials Northeastern University at QinhuangdaoQinhuangdao 066004Hebei ProvineeChina

Various microbial fabrics characterize late Moscovian mounds in Houchang Town,southern Guizhou,South China.The dominant components of the mounds are microbial boundstones with stromatolitic structures,irregular oncoid-like forms,and wrinkle structures.Calcimicrobes recognized in the mounds include Girvanella,Ortonella,Wetheredella-like,Palaeomicrocodium-like,and some problematic calcimicrobes occurring in deposits between microbial boundstones,in thrombolitic textures,and in some intraclasts.microbial carbonates are common in the substrate and interior of the mounds,including thrombolitic textures,microstromatolites,microbial ooids,oncoids,irregular encrusted layers,microbial mat debris,and microbial micrite.Calcimicrobes and microbial carbonates played an important role in the construction of the mounds:Girvanella might have contributed as a source of lime mud that formed the mound and stabilized the coral frame;thrombolitic mats could trap and fix sediments and bioclasts,contributing to the stabilization of substrate and mound limestones;and,microbial boundstone,clotted micrite and micritized bioclast could provide a hard substrate for encrusting metazoans(e.g.,bryozoans,Ivanovia).The abundant microbial fabrics in the mounds indicate that microbial activity was widespread in Moscovian reef mounds in southern Guizhou,and this suggests that microbial organisms were the primary mound builders in the study area.

关键词： Microfossils microbial carbonates Mounds Late Carboniferous Moscovian Guizhou

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Changes in soil microbial community response to precipitation events in a semi-arid steppe of the Xilin River Basin, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第1期11卷 97-110页

作者： ZHANG Hui LIU Wenjun KANG Xiaoming CUI Xiaoyong WANG Yanfen ZHAO Haitao QIAN Xiaoqing HAO Yanbin College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou University College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Wetland Research Chinese Academy of Forestry College of Environmental Science and Engineering Yangzhou University

In the context of climate change, precipitation is predicted to become more intense at the global scale. Such change may alter soil microbial communities and the microbially mediated carbon and nitrogen dynamics. In this study, we experimentally repackaged precipitation patterns during the growing season(from June to September) of 2012 in a semi-arid temperate steppe of the Xilin River Basin in Inner Mongolia of China, based on the 60-year growing season precipitation data. Specifically, a total amount of 240 mm simulated precipitation was assigned to experimental plots by taking the following treatments:(1) P6(6 extreme precipitation events, near the 1^(st) percentile);(2) P10(10 extreme precipitation events, near the 5^(th) percentile);(3) P16(16 moderate precipitation events, near the 50^(th) percentile); and(4) P24(24 events, 60-year average precipitation, near the 50^(th) percentile). At the end of the growing season, we analyzed soil microbial community structure and biomass, bacterial abundance, fungal abundance and bacterial composition, by using phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and 16S rRNA gene clone library methods. The extreme precipitation events did not change soil microbial community structure(represented by the ratio of PLFA concentration in fungi to PLFA concentration in bacteria, and the ratio of PLFA concentration in gram-positive bacterial biomass to PLFA concentration in gram-negative bacterial biomass). However, the extreme precipitation events significantly increased soil microbial activity(represented by soil microbial biomass nitrogen and soil bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy numbers). Soil fungal community showed no significant response to precipitation events. According to the redundancy analysis, both soil microbial biomass nitrogen and soil ammonium nitrogen(NH_4-N) were found to be significant in shaping soil microbial community. Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla in soil bacterial composition,

关键词： extreme precipitation event phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) soil microbial community RT-qPCR soil bacteria soil fungi

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Sand veins and MISS from the Mesoproterozoic black shale (ca. 1.7 Ga) in North China:Implication for methane degassing from microbial mats

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第11期51卷 1525-1536页

作者： SHI XiaoYing JIANG GanQing ZHANG ChuanHeng GAO LinZhi LIU Juan School of Earth Science and Resources China University of GeosciciencesBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources Beijing 100083China Department of Geoscience University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154-4010USA Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China

The Mesoproterozoic Chuanlinggou Formation (ca. 1.7 Ga) consists mainly of dark-gray to black shales that are widespread in the North China Platform. Abundant centimeter-scale sand veins are present within the shale layers of this unit, particularly in the middle part. Sand veins display ptygmatic shapes, perpendicular or with a high angle to bedding planes. They penetrate the black shale layers but are often terminated by thin, lenticular sandstone beds, forming small-scale ‘tepee-like’ structures. On bedding planes, sand veins are expressed as small ridges with 1–3 mm positive relief. Lack of polygonal shapes and their occurrence in thinly laminated, relatively deep-water shales preclude an origin from sand-filled desiccation cracks. Instead, their close association with microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) such as micro-wrinkles and gas blisters, putative bacterial fossils (possibly coccoidal cyanobacteria) and framboidal pyrites, suggests that they were formed by degassing of methane from microbial mat decay. Methane gas disrupted overlying sedimentary layers, creating fractures open to seawater. Fine-grained quartz sands, which were transported into the depositional environment by strong winds, filled the fractures. Sand-filled fractures were shortened and folded during burial compaction, forming ptygmatic shapes. The presence of dispersed dolomite and siderite in these sand veins suggests authigenic carbonate precipitation from anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). Sand veins are intensely distributed within the Chuanlinggou Formation and are spatially widespread in the North China Platform. If their methane origin is confirmed, they may have important implications for the Mesoproterozoic paleoclimate. With anoxic oceans and low seawater sulfate concentration during the Mesoproterozoic, methane release from microbial mat decay and/or microbial methanogenesis during shallow burial may have been proportionally higher than that of the modern marine environments, with resultant increase in the rela

关键词： sand veins methane degassing microbial mats Chuanlinggou Formation Mesoproterozoic North China Platform

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Pyrosequencing Reveals Significant Changes in microbial Communities Along the Ecological Succession of Biological Soil Crustsin the Tengger Desert of China

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Pedosphere 2018年第2期28卷 350-362页

作者： ZHANG Qingyi WANG Qiong OUYANG Hailong LAN Shubin HU Chunxiang Key Laboratory of Algal Biology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 (China) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 (China)

Biological soil crusts(BSCs)have important ecological functions in arid and semiarid lands,but they remain poorly understood in terms of the changes in microbial communities during BSC succession under in situ field conditions.Here,454 pyrosequencing was used to assess the microbial community composition of four BSC types in the Tengger Desert of China:alga,lichen(cyanolichen and green alga-lichen),and moss crusts,representing early,middle,and final successional stages of BSCs,respectively.The results showed the highest diversity of microbial communities inhabiting lichen crusts,whereas the lowest diversity was observed in moss crusts.Five phyla,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Cyanobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Acidobacteria,accounted for about 72% to 87%of total prokaryotic sequences in different BSCs.The most abundant eukaryotic microorganism was Ascomycota,accounting for 47%to 93%of the total eukaryotic sequences.Along the succession of BSCs,the abundance of photoautotrophic Cyanobacteria,Chlorophyta,and Bacillariophyta declined,and that of heterotrophic microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi increased.Statistical analysis showed clear divergency of microbial taxa at the class level among the different successional stages of BSCs.The clustering results at class level showed that the moss crusts were the farthest from the rest in prokaryotic composition;the alga crusts were the most different in terms of eukaryotic microorganisms and the two kinds of lichen crusts were relatively closer in both compositions.Ordination analysis showed that the main variations of community structure among BSCs could be explained best by the abundance of Cyanobacteria and Ascomycota and by physiochemical properties of BSCs,including mechanical composition,moisture,and electrical conductivity.In conclusion,our results indicate that Cyanobacteria and Ascomycota likely play an important role in the evolution of BSC structure and functions and highlight the importance of environmental factors in shaping microbial community structures of

关键词： alga driving factors lichen microbial abundance microbial diversity moss

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Effect of transferring lignocellulose-degrading bacteria from termite to rumen fluid of sheep on in vitro gas production, fermentation parameters, microbial populations and enzyme activity

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第5期19卷 1323-1331页

作者： Ayoub AZIZI Afrooz SHARIFI Hasan FAZAELI Arash AZARFAR Arjan JONKER Ali KIANI Department of Animal Science Faculty of AgricultureLorestan UniversityKhorramabad ***Iran Animal Science Research Department Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAhvaz 613353341Iran Animal Science Research Institute AgricultureEducation and Extension OrganizationKaraj 315Iran Grasslands Research Centre AgResearch Ltd.Palmerston North 4442New Zealand

The digestive tract of termite(Microcerotermes diversus) contains a variety of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria with exocellulases enzyme activity, not found in the rumen, which could potentially improve fiber degradation in the rumen. The objectives of the current study were to determine the effect of inoculation of rumen fluid(RF) with three species of bacteria isolated from termite digestive tract, Bacillus licheniformis, Ochrobactrum intermedium, and Microbacterium paludicola, on in vitro gas production(IVGP), fermentation parameters, nutrient disappearance, microbial populations, and hydrolytic enzyme activities with fibrous wheat straw(WS) and date leaf(DL) as incubation substrate. Inoculation of RF with either of three termite bacteria increased(P0.05) on gas production characteristics, dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fiber disappearance, pH, and concentration and composition of volatile fatty acids. Population of proteolytic bacteria and protozoa, but not cellulolytic bacteria, were increased(P0.05). Overall, the results of this study indicated that transferring lignocellulose-degrading bacteria, isolated from digestive tract of termite, to rumen liquid increased protozoa and proteolytic bacteria population and consequently increased protease activity and ammonia-N concentration in vitro, however, no effect on fermentation and fiber degradation parameters were detected. These results suggest that the termite bacteria might be rapidly lysed by the rumen microbes before beneficial effects on the rumen fermentation process could occur.

关键词： enzyme activity gas production lignocellulose-degrading bacteria microbial population termite bacteria

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Analysis of the microbial communities in soils of different ages following volcanic eruptions

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Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 126-134页

作者： Marcela HERNáNDEZ Marcela CALABI Ralf CONRAD Marc G.DUMONT Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology Karl-von-Frisch-Str.10Marburg 35043(Germany) Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus Universidad de La FronteraTemuco(Chile) School of Biological Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJ(UK)

Volcanism is a primary process of land formation.It provides a model for understanding soil-forming processes and the role of pioneer bacteria and/or archaea as early colonizers in those new environments.The objective of this study was to identify the microbial communities involved in soil formation.DNA was extracted from soil samples from the Llaima volcano in Chile at sites destroyed by lava in different centuries(1640,1751,and 1957).Bacterial and archaeal 16 S r RNA genes were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR)and Illumina Mi Seq sequencing.Results showed that microbial diversity increased with soil age,particularly between the 1751 and 1640 soils.For archaeal communities,Thaumarchaeota was detected in similar abundances in all soils,but Euryarchaeota was rare in the older soils.The analysis of bacterial 16 S r RNA genes showed high abundances of Chloroflexi(37%),Planctomycetes(18%),and Verrucomicrobia(10%)in the youngest soil.Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were highly abundant in the older soils(16%in 1640 and 15%in 1751 for Acidobacteria;38%in 1640 and 27%in 1751 for Proteobacteria).The microbial profiles in the youngest soils were unusual,with a high abundance of bacteria belonging to the order Ktedonobacterales(Chloroflexi)in the 1957 soil(37%)compared with the 1751(18%)and 1640(7%)soils.In this study,we show that there is a gradual establishment of the microbial community in volcanic soils following an eruption and that specific microbial groups can colonize during the early stages of recovery.

关键词： 16S rRNA gene extreme environment high-throughput sequencing Ktedonobacterales microbial diversity pioneer microbe recolonization soil formation volcanic deposit

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Nitrogen additions inhibit nitrification in acidic soils in a subtropical pine plantation: effects of soil pH and compositional shifts in microbial groups

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第2期30卷 669-678页

作者： Liang Kou Xinyu Zhang Huimin Wang Hao Yang Wei Zhao Shenggong Li Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Processes and Information

Plantation forests play a pivotal role in carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems, but enhanced nitrogen(N) deposition in these forests may affect plantation productivity by altering soil N cycling. Hence,understanding how simulated N deposition affects the rate and direction of soil N transformation is critically important in predicting responses of plantation productivity in the context of N loading. This study reports the effects of N addition rate(0, 40, and 120 kg N ha^(-1) a^(-1)) and form(NH_4Cl vs. NaNO_3) on net N mineralization and nitrification estimated by in situ soil core incubation and on-soil microbial biomass determined by the phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) method in a subtropical pine plantation. N additions had no influences on net N mineralization throughout the year. Net nitrification rate was significantly reduced by additions of both NH_4Cl(71.5) and NaNO_3(47.1%) during the active growing season, with the stronger inhibitory effect at high N rates. Soil pH was markedly decreased by 0.16 units by NH_4Cl additions. N inputs significantly decreased the ratio of fungal-to-bacterial PLFAs on average by 0.28(49.1%) in November. Under NH_4Cl additions, nitrification was positively related with fungal biomass and soil pH. Under NaNO_3 additions,nitrification was positively related with all microbial groups except for bacterial biomass. We conclude that simulated N deposition inhibited net nitrification in the acidic soils of a subtropical plantation forest in China,primarily due to accelerated soil acidification and compositional shifts in microbial functional groups. These findings may facilitate a better mechanistic understanding of soil N cycling in the context of N loading.

关键词： Acidification Atmospheric nitrogen deposition microbial functional group Nitrification Soil nitrogen transformation

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