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Advances in Chinese Arctic and subarctic research in marine biology and ecology with emphasis on the Pacific Arctic sector

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Advances in Polar Science 2017年第2期28卷 111-119页

作者： LI Hai LIN Longshan SONG Puqing LI Yuan ZHANG Ran LIN Heshan LIN Rongcheng HAO Qiang ZHANG Fang ZHANG Guangtao Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science Polar Research Institute of China Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Arctic is one of the most sensitive regions that respond through feedback to global climate changes. Climatic, hydrological and ecological changes in the Arctic are clear evidence of global warming. In 2012 and 2014, the 5th and 6th Chinese National Arctic Research Expeditions undertook studies in the Bering Sea, the Arctic Ocean （including the Chukchi Sea）, and the Norwegian Sea. These studies provided us with a better understanding of the marine biology and ecology in the Arctic and subarctic regions, particularly in the Pacific Arctic sector. Rapid changes observed in the Arctic environment include the shrinking of cold-water masses in the Bering Sea in the summer, and elevated water temperatures promoting phytoplankton blooms, leading to an increase in phytoplankton transferred to higher trophic levels. As a result, the transfer efficiency of organic matter toward the bottom weakened, leading to a reduction in benthic biomass. This is consistent with expectations that the overall carbon and energy flux will ultimately switch from the dominant mode of sea ice-algae-benthos to one of phytoplankton-zooplankton. Influenced by Pacific water inflow, fluvial runoff and melting sea ice, the Chukchi Sea exhibited different responses to various environmental changes. Interactions between water masses led to other interannual ecological shifts. With the increase in sea ice melt and sunlight in the central region of the Arctic Ocean, the relative abundance of heterotrophic bacteria is expected to increase, and play a vital role in the Arctic microbial loop.

关键词： Arctic region climate changes chlorophyll plankton benthos microbe food chain

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Characteristics of the microbial community in rhizosphere of Camptotheca acuminata cultured with exotic invasive plant Eupatorium adenophorum

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2007年第1期50卷 22-30页

作者： ZU YuanGang1, GAO ChongYang1, WANG WenJie1, YANG FengJian1, LIU Ying1, WANG Min1 & ZHAO YangGuo2 1 Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China 2 School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology Ministry of Education Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China

The traditional culture-dependent plate counting and culture-independent small-subunit-ribosomal RNA gene-targeted molecular techniques, Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) and ter-minal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (tRFLP) combined with 16S rDNA clone library were adopted to investigate the impacts of secretion from Camptotheca acuminata (abbreviated to Ca) roots on the quantities and structure of eukaryotic microbes and bacteria in the rhizosphere, and the possi-bility that Ca controls exotic invasive plant Eupatorium adenophorum (Ea). The counting results indi-cated that the number of bacteria increased in turn in rhizospheres of Ea, Ca-Ea mixed culture and Ca, while that of eukaryotic microbes decreased. PCR-SSCP profiles showed eukaryotic microbial bands (corresponding to biodiversity) in rhizosphere of Ea were more complex than those of Ca and CE. Meristolohmannia sp., Termitomyces sp. and Rhodophyllus sp. were the dominant populations in the rhizosphere of Ca. Bacterial terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) profiles showed no difference among three kinds of rhizospheres, and the sequences of the 16S rDNA clone library from Ca rhizospheres were distributed in 10 known phyla, in which phylum Proteobacteria were the absolute dominant group and accounted for 24.71% of the cloned sequences (δ-Proteobacteria accounted for up to 17.65%), and phyla Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes accounted for 16.47% and 10.59% of the cloned sequences, respectively. In addition, high performance liquid chromatography detected a trace amount of camp-tothecin and hydroxycamptothecin in the rhizospheric soil of Ca and CE, but examined neither camp-tothecin nor hydroxycamptothecin in rhizospheric soil of Ea. Therefore, invasion and diffusion of Ea evidently depended on distinguishing the eukaryotic community structure, but not on that of the bac-terial pattern. Ca was able to alter the eukaryotic community structure of invasive Ea by secreting camptothecin and hydroxycamptothecin into rhizospheres, and may benef

关键词： Camptotheca acuminata rhizospheric microbe Eupatorium adenophorum Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (tRFLP) 16S rDNA clone library

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Effects of n-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Performance, Relative Organ Weight and Fatty Acid Composition of Thigh Meat in Broiler Chickens

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Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2018年第5期10卷 287-292页

作者： Li Yuanfeng Wang Yachao Ao Xiang He Jian College of Life Science and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Swine Research Institute Tie Qi Li Shi Group.Co.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with marine microbe accumulating n-3 fatty acids on growth performance, relative organ weight and fatty acid composition of thigh meat in broilers. A total of 480 broilers were randomly allotted to three treat-ments with eight replications per treatment and 20 chicks per pen. A corn-soybean meal-based diet was formulated as a control diet and the broilers were then provided with one of the following dietary treatments:(1) CON(basal diet);(2) N0.1(basal diet+0.10% marine microbe accumulating n-3 fatty acids);(3) N0.2(basal diet+0.20% marine microbe accumulating n-3 fatty acids). No significant differences were observed in the growth performance or the relative organ weight among treatments. However, the levels of saturated fatty acids(SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)were significantly lower(Pmicrobe accumulating n-3 fatty acids can increase PUFA and decrease SFA and MUFA in thigh meat.

关键词： Broiler Fatty acid composition Marine microbe accumulating n-3 fatty acids Growth performance Relative organ weight

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Urban Pond Water Contamination in India

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第1期7卷 52-59页

作者： Ankit Yadav Pravin Kumar Sahu Suryakant Chakradhari Keshaw Prakash Rajhans Shobhana Ramteke Nohar Singh Dahariya Gaurav Agnihotri Khageshwar Singh Patel School of Studies in Chemistry/Environmental Science Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur India

The stagnant water reservoirs in urban area of India are severely contaminated with surfactant and microbe due to anthropogenic activities. In this work, water quality of pond water of the most industrialized city: Raipur, CG, India is described. The concentration of surfactant in the term of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in water (n = 16) is ranged from 7.0 - 27 mg/L with mean value of 17 ± 3 mg/L. All ponds are found to be contaminated with microbes i.e. bacteria, algae and fungi at elevated levels. The physico-chemical characteristics of the pond water are discussed.

关键词： Surfactant Water Quality microbe Pond

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Pit Lake Water Quality of Central India

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2016年第1期8卷 28-39页

作者： Shobhana Ramteke Vintee Verma Suryakant Chakradhari Pravin Kumar Sahu Bharat Lal Sahu Keshaw Prakash Rajhans Ankit Yadav Khageshwar Singh Patel School of Studies in Chemistry/Environmental Science Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur India

Several pit lakes exist in the Raipur area due to lime stone mining. The water of pit lakes is used for bathing, washing and irrigation purposes. They are found to be contaminated with toxicants i.e. fluoride, surfactants and microbes far above the recommended limits. In this work, the water quality of 29 pit lakes locates in two districts: Raipur and Baloda Bazar, Chhattisgarh, India are assessed for drinking and irrigation purposes.

关键词： Pit Lake Water Quality Fluoride Surfactant microbe

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Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Properties, Plant Biomass Production, and Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Mini-Review

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第3期12卷 213-236页

作者： Dafeng Hui Department of Biological Sciences Tennessee State University Nashville USA

Biochar has been applied extensively as a soil amendment over the past decades. This review summarizes the general findings of the impacts of biochar application on different aspects from soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties, to soil nutrient availabilities, plant growth, biomass production and yield, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, and soil carbon sequestration. Due to different biochar pyrolysis conditions, feedstock types, biochar application rates and methods, and potential interactions with other factors such as plant species and soil nutrient conditions, results from those studies are not inclusive. However, most studies reported positive effects of biochar application on soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbial activities, plant biomass and yield, and potential reductions of soil GHG emissions. A framework of biochar impacts is summarized, and possible mechanisms are discussed. Further research of biochar application in agriculture is called to verify the proposed mechanisms involved in biochar-soil-microbial-plant interactions for soil carbon sequestration and crop biomass and yield improvements.

关键词： Biochar Soil Plant microbe Nutrient Biomass Yield Greenhouse Gas Emission Carbon Sequestration

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Characterization of Finfish Hatchery Waste for Value Added Product

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2020年第3期11卷 73-79页

作者： Sujjat Al Azad Mohammad Tamrin Bin Mohamad Lal Al-Najib Bin Benjamin Borneo Marine Research Institute University Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia

Commercial fish hatchery generates waste both organic and inorganic;the sources are primarily from uneaten food and fish feces. Conventional methods of treating hatchery wastes will increase the operating cost and become extra burden in production. It is necessary to develop a new research application of this nonconventional resource and reduce the negative impacts of hatchery waste on the environment. The whole project is to utilize hatchery waste through bioprocess for probiotic fortified live feed production. In this study, the chemical composition of hatchery waste was determined to understand the suitability waste to get value-added derived products through bioprocess. Composite samples were collected everyday and dried in an oven at a temperature of 65°C until complete dryness. Dried samples were mixed well and grinded into fine powder. The analytical parameters like total solids, ammonium nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate were determined from the freshly collected samples. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were determined from the dry samples. Total solids, ammonium nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate-phosphorus were observed in the ranged from 75 - 82 mg/L, 0.25 - 8.5 mg/L, 0.05 - 1.9 mg/L, 0.04 - 6.7 mg/L and 4.1 - 16.7 mg/L respectively. On the other hand, the mean content of 3.75% total nitrogen, 1.80% total phosphorus and 0.15% potassium were determined in dry hatchery wastes. The analytical parameters are useful and demonstrate that the nutrients in both fresh and dry waste will be supportive for the growth of microbes in the bioprocess system.

关键词： Hatchery Waste Nutrients Bioprocess microbe and Value Added Product

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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: A Review

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2016年第1期6卷 34-56页

作者： Sista Kameswara Srikar Deen Dayal Giri Dan Bahadur Pal Pradeep Kumar Mishra Siddh Nath Upadhyay Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India Tata Steel Jamshedpur Jharkhand India Department of Botany IFTM University Moradabad Uttar Pradesh India

The bio-molecules from various plant components and microbial species have been used as potential agents for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In spite of a wide range of bio-molecules assisting in the process, synthesizing stable and widely applicable AgNPs by many researchers still poses a considerable challenge to the researchers. The biological agents for synthesizing AgNPs cover compounds produced naturally in microbes and plants. More than 100 different biological sources for synthesizing AgNPs are reported in the past decade by various authors. Reaction parameters under which the AgNPs were being synthesized hold prominent impact on their size, shape and application. Available published information on AgNPs synthesis, effects of various parameters, characterization techniques, properties and their application are summarised and critically discussed in this review.

关键词： AgNPs Green Synthesis Silver Nano Plant Extract microbe

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Photoelectrons from Minerals and Microbial World

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矿物学报 2013年第S1期33卷 62-62页

作者： LU Anhuai LI Yan WANG Changqiu School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University

The Earth surface is a multiple open system. Semiconducting minerals, including most metal oxides and sulfides, absorb visible light of the solar spectrum. Microorganisms evolve varied pathways to get carbon and energy sources. It is obvious that the interaction among solar light, semiconducting minerals, photoelectron/photohole, organics, inorganics, valence electrons and microorganisms occurs continuously on our planet. In a recent study, Lu et al. (2012) presented evidence demonstrating solar energy mediated by semiconducting mineral photocatalysis, acting as energy source, promoted the growth of some non-photosynthetic bacteria and revealed that the ternary system of microorganisms, minerals and solar light has played a critical role in the history of life on our planet. In simulated system, under simulated solar light semiconducting minerals, such as metal oxides and metal sulfides, generates photoelectrons which could be used by non-phototrophic microorganisms to support their metabolisms. The growth of microorganism was closely related to photon quantity and energy, and the microorganism growth and mineral light absorption spectra were fitted well under different light wavelengths. The overall energy efficiency from photon to biomass was 0.13‰ to 1.9‰. Further studies revealed that in natural soil systems, semiconducting mineral photocatalysis could influence the microbial population. Solar energy utilization pathway by nonphototrophic microorganisms mediated by semiconducting mineral photocatalysis provides a new concept to evaluate the origin and evolution of life. Semiconducting minerals are ubiquitous on Earth’s surface and widely participate in redox reactions following photoelectron-photohole pairs excited by solar light. As photoholes can be easily scavenged by environmental reductive substances and microorganisms possess multiple strategies to utilize extracellular electrons, the highly reductive photoelectrons serve as potential energy source for microbial life. The discovery of this pathway exten

关键词： semiconducting mineral non-phototrophic microbe photoelectrons photocatalysis

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Effect of Pesticides on soil microbial and enzyme activity

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沈阳药科大学学报 2008年第S1期25卷 128-128页

作者： LI Xia1,WANG Lan2,LI Xiao-hui1(1.Institute of Materia Medica,Third Military Medical University,Chongqing 400038,China 2.Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Acadamy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China)

Objective Pesticides has gain an increasing awareness because of it is becoming a serious environmental problem and come to threaten the health of humanbeing.The effect of five pesticides(zineb,copforce,the mixture of carbendazim and mancozeb,hymexazol)on soil bacteria,fungi,actinomyces,and Five specific enzymes were chosen for investigation(urease,dehydrogenase,invertase,acid phosphates and protease).Methods The enumeration of the soil micro flora was done by the dilution plate method;The enzyme activity was determined by traditional methods.Shannon-Wiener index as well as 16S rRNA-PCR amplification and DGGE fingerprinting was used for detection of shift in microbial community diversity in pesticides contaminated agricultural soil.Results The outcome showed that the microbial diversity was significantly changed after the application of pesticides,the effect of pesticides on microbe had a order from top to bottom:bacteria-actinomyces-fungi.Conclusions Our results indicate that the use of the pesticides hymexazol resulted in an altered soil community structure,in particular for the actinomyces.Invertase was markedly inhibited by hymexazol,zineb,carbendazim and mancozeb and the inhibiting rates were varied between 30.30% and 21.21%;Urease activity was also inhibited significantly by hymexazol,the inhibiting rate was 37.67%;Protease activity was markedly inhibited by zineb and hymexazol,the inhibiting rates were 27.27% and 18.18% respectively;Phosphates activity was inhibited significantly by hymexazol,zineb,carbendazim and mancozeb,the inhibiting rates were range from 22.12%-3.54%;Dehydrogenase activity was not significantly affected by pesticides.Meanwhile,the correlation of all indexes were analyzed,the data suggested that all indexes existed certain correlation.

关键词： pesticides soil microbe soil enzyme microbial diversity

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