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Effect of monovalent anions on cationic Gemini micro-emulsion

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第12期26卷 2636-2640页

作者： Yinglu Gu Shuang Chen Hui'e Liu Yubin Wang Pingping Zhou State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum(East China) Qingdao 266580China

micro-emulsion usually consists of water, oil, surfactants and co-surfactants, and each component has an effect on the phase behavior and solubilization of the micro-emulsion. When the surfactant in the micro-emulsion system is quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini surfactant, the surfactant mainly combines with the anions in the salt. With the increase of salt concentration, the phase transformation of Winsor I → Winsor III → Winsor II occurred, but the optimum salinity and salt width are different because of the type of salt. The effects of 5 different kinds of monovalent anions, including C_6H_5SO_3^-, I-, Br-, NO_3^- and Cl-, on the phase behavior and solubilization of quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini micro-emulsion are researched by Winsor phase diagram. It is found that the effects of organic anions C_6H_5SO_3-and I-on the phase behavior and solubilization of quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini micro-emulsion are most significant, and the effects of Br-, NO_3^- and Cl-are less significant. Meanwhile, when the optimum solubilization is achieved, the amount of sodium benzoate is the least, indicating that the organic anion has stronger self-organization behavior with quaternary ammonium cationic Gemini surfactants.

关键词： Gemini surfactant Monovalent anions micro-emulsion Phase behavior Solubilization

Preparation and Field Application of a Novel micro-emulsion as Heavy Oil Displacement Agent

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2020年第3期22卷 19-27页

作者： Qin Bing Qiao Fulin Li Caifu SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Beijing 100083

A novel micro-emulsion was prepared by mixing an oil-soluble viscosity reducer,which was screened to aim at improving the heavy oil properties of Shengli oilfield with water-soluble surfactant and *** static viscosity reduction and oil washing performance of the micro-emulsion were investigated,and the field application of the microemulsion used as heavy oil displacement agent was also *** showed that the micro-emulsion exhibited excellent viscosity reduction performance for the studied heavy oil *** heavy oil was mixed with 0.5%of the micro-emulsion,a stable oil-in-water heavy oil emulsion could be *** the content of the micro-emulsion was increased to 3.0%,the oil removing rate reached up to 80%.Field application of the micro-emulsion to the Pai-601-Ping-115 well and the Pai-601-Ping-123 well was shown to be effective by increasing the periodic oil production up to 203 tons.

关键词： micro-emulsion heavy oil displacement agent field application

Ternary phase behavior of water microemulsified diesel-palm biodiesel

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Frontiers in Energy 2015年第2期9卷 162-169页

作者： Nurul Atiqah Izzati MD ISHAK lsmail Ab RAMAN Mohd Ambar YARMO Wan Mohd Faizal WAN MAHMOOD School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology Faculty of Scienceand Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Bangi 43600Malaysia Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division (AOTD) MalaysianPalm Oil Board (MPOB) 6 Persiaran Institusi Bandar Baru BangiKajang 43000 Malaysia Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering Faculty ofEngineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaUKM Bangi 43600 Malaysia

This paper aims to develop a new microemul- sions system comprising diesel and palm oil methyl ester （PME） that have the potential to be used as alternative fuels for diesel engines. The water-in-diesel-biodiesel micro- emulsions were prepared by applying PME mixed with diesel, non-ionic surfactants, co-surfaetants and water to make the water-in-oil （W/O） microemulsion system. This microemulsified fuel was achieved through low-energy microemulsification by using the constant composition method. The diesel used was mixed with four different concentrations of PME, i.e., 10% （w/w）（B10）, 20% （w/w）（B20）, 30% （w/w）（B30） and neat diesel （B0）. The amount of water was fixed at 20% （w/w）. The phase behavior of the water/mixed non-ionic surfactant/diesel-PME system were studied by constructing pseudoternary phase diagrams with the goal of formulating optimized systems. The results showed that the microemulsions were formed and stabilized with a mixture of non-ionic surfactants at a weight ratio of 80：20 at 20% （w/w）, and with mixed co-surfactants at a weight ratio of 25：75, 20：80 and 10：90 for B0, B10, B20 and B30 respectively. The particle size, kinematic viscosity at 40℃, refractive index, density, heating value, cloud point, pour pointand flash point of the selected water-in-diesel microemulsion were 19.40 nm （polydispersity of 0.012）, 12.86mm^2/s, 1.435, 0.8913g/mL, 31.87MJ/kg, 7.15℃, 10.5℃ and 46.5℃ respectively. The corresponding values of the water-in-diesel@ME selected were 20.72nm to 23.74nm, 13.02mme/s to 13.29mmZ/s, 1.442, 0.8939g/mL to 0.8990g/mL, 31.45MJ/kg to 27.34 MJ/kg, 7.2℃ to 6.8℃, 8.5℃ to 1.5℃ and 47.5℃ to 52.0℃. These preliminary findings were further studied as potential fuels for diesel engines.

关键词： palm methyl ester palm oil biodiesel micro-emulsion water mieroemulsified fuels

Synthesis of SmOHCO_3 micro/nano particles from the coupling route of homogeneous precipitation with microemulsion

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Journal of Rare Earths 2014年第6期32卷 553-557页

作者：朱文庆瞿芳陈浩军李卓刘斌 College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Xi'an Polytechnic University

SmOHCO3micro/nano particles were prepared in water/oil （W/O） reverse microemulsion composed of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB）, n-octane, n-butanol, Sm（NO3）3·6H2O and urea aqueous solution by the coupling route of homogeneous precipitation with microemulsion. The nanoparticles were characterized and analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, thermal gravimetric and differential thermal gravimetric analysis （TG-DTG）, Fourier transform infrared absorption spectra （FT-IR） and scan-ning electron microscope （SEM）. The results showed that the phase SmOHCO3 micro/nano particles was in agreement with pure or-thorhombic phase. The different morphologies of SmOHCO3 micro/nano particles with good monodispersity and size were obtained by regulating the reaction temperature and reaction time. Possible formation mechanisms of the morphological structure of SmO-HCO3 were proposed and discussed.

关键词： micro-emulsion homogeneous precipitation SmOHCO3 rare earths

Effect of the amount of zinc-doped on the electrochemical performance of nickel hydroxide

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Journal of Chongqing University 2004年第1期3卷 74-77页

作者： YUDanmei ZHOUShangqi CHENChangguo WENLi WANGHuaqing CollegeofChemistryandChemicalEngineering ChongqingUniversityChongqing400030P.R.China CollegeofMaterialScienceandEngineering ChongqingUniversityChongqing400030P.R.China

The nickel hydroxide prepared by micro-emulsion method was doped by coprecipitated Zn. The effect of the amount of zinc-doped on the properties of Ni(OH)2 such as the reversibility of the electrode reaction, the charge efficiency and active material utilization ratio of nickel electrode, and discharge specific capacity was studied by cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge-discharge tests. The results indicate that the specific discharge capacity of nickel hydroxide obtained by micro-emulsion method is much less than its theoretical value because the transfer of electrons and the diffusion of protons H+ are hindered owing to its crystal grain size in a nanometer range and thus possessing higher crystal interface resistance. The crystal cells are swelled and the crystal defects increased in prepared material due to part of Ni2+ substituted by Zn2+ when zinc and nickel hydroxide are coprecipitated. Hence, the electrons and protons H+ in the electrode reaction are transferred easily, the electrochemical behavior of nickel electrode is improved and discharge specific capacity is promoted. However, the performance of Ni(OH)2 is gradually enhanced with the addition of zinc-doped at first, while slowly decreased after the content of zinc is added to a certain value. The best electrode reaction reversibility, the highest electrode charge efficiency, the highest active material utilization ratio and the largest specific capacity on discharge are available when the mass fraction of Zn doped in nickel hydroxide by coprecipitation reaches 2.5 %.

关键词： nickel hydroxide coprecipitation zinc-doped micro-emulsion