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micro-droplet Flux in Forest and its Contribution to Interception Loss of Rainfall – Theoretical Study and Field Experiment

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection（水资源与保护） 2010年第10期 872-879页

作者： Michio Hashino Huaxia Yao Takao Tamura

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micro-droplet Flux in Forest and its Contribution to Interception Loss of Rainfall – Theoretical Study and Field

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2010年第10期2卷 872-879页

作者： Huaxia Yao 不详

A new approach to explain forest interception was proposed by introducing micro-droplets of crushed raindrops during rainfall. The aerodynamic diffusion and transfer of both vapour and micro-droplets from canopy to upper air were described and calculated, and proposed formulas applied to eight rainfall events at the Okunoi Experimental Station, Tokushima, Japan. Contributions from droplet transfer were 0.9-58.2 times of contributions from vapour transfer, taking a majority portion in total interception loss. Accounting only the vapour transfer or evaporation loss as estimated by Penman equation was not able to account for actual interception loss. The micro-droplet flux component took major portion in the two heavily rained events, and completely made up the interception as happened in October 2004. The droplet flux could accommodate a high interception rate, even when the air was nearly vapour-saturated and vapour flux was zero. This approach provided a new explanation to extraordinarily high interception rates.

关键词： Rainfall Interception micro-droplet Transfer Vapour Flux Forest Canopy Aerodynamic

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Experimental study on the desulfurization and evaporation characteristics of Ca(OH)_(2) droplets

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023年第2期54卷 127-135页

作者： Yilin Song Yize Zhang Hao Zhou State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

The experiments were conducted to focus on the desulfurization and evaporation characteristics of lime slurry droplets at 298-383 K. We designed an evaporation-reaction chamber with quartz glass *** monodisperse slurry droplet stream was injected into the evaporation reaction chamber, and the inlet gas components(air, air + SO_(2)) were introduced into the chamber. We applied the magnified digital in-line holography to measure the droplet parameters and calculated the evaporation rate. The effects of temperature, droplet concentration, and SO_(2) concentration on the evaporation rate of Ca(OH)_(2) droplets were discussed. Moreover, the Ca(OH)_(2) droplets under different experimental conditions were sampled,and the droplets were observed and analyzed using an off-line microscope. The evaporation rate of the Ca(OH)_(2) droplet increased at first, and then decreased during the falling process, and remained constant at last. The average evaporation rate of the Ca(OH)_(2) droplets increased significantly with the temperature increasing.

关键词： Magnified digital in-line holography Evaporation Gas–liquid absorption reaction Ca(OH)_(2) micro-droplet

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Multi-materials drop-on-demand inkjet technology based on pneumatic diaphragm actuator

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第6期53卷 1605-1611页

作者： XIE Dan1,2,ZHANG HongHai1,2,SHU XiaYun1,2,Xiao JunFeng1,2 & CAO Shu1,2 1Institute of micro-Systems,School of Mechanical Science and Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China 2Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics,Wuhan 430074,China 1. Institute of micro-Systems School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China2. Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Wuhan 430074 China

micro-droplet jetting belongs to the field of precision fluid dispensing *** traditional subtraction manufacture process,micro-droplet jetting as an additive fabrication technique with features of non-contact and data-driven represents a new development trend of modern manufacturing *** this paper,the design,fabrication and performance of a multi-materials drop-on-demand (DOD) inkjet system based on pneumatic diaphragm actuator were *** capturing the droplet ejection process and measuring the droplet dimension,a self-made in situ imaging system based on time delayed external trigger was set *** performance of the generator was studied by adjusting the structure and control ***,the influence of fluid properties on the droplet ejection process was experimentally ***-solderballs of 160.5 μm in diameter and UV curing adhesive micro-bumps of 346.94 μm in contact diameter with the substrate were *** results demonstrated that the DOD inkjet generator possesses characteristics of robust,easy to operate and maintain,and able to withstand high temperature as well as applicability to a wide variety of materials including polymers,low melting point resin and high melting point *** system has a great potential of being used in the fields of IC and MEMS packaging,3D printing,organic semiconductor fabrication,and biological and chemical analysis.

关键词： micro-droplet jetting drop on demand pneumatic diaphragm actuator multi-materials

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Experimental Analysis of a Pneumatic Drop-on-Demand(DOD)Injection Technology for 3D Printing Using a Gallium-Indium Alloy

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2021年第3期17卷 587-595页

作者： Yanpu Chao Hao Yi College of Mechatronics Xuchang UniversityXuchang461000China College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044China State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044China

Many liquid metals have a high boiling point,strong electrical conductivity,high thermal conductivity,and nontoxic properties,which make them ideal targets for applications in different fields such as optics,microcircuits,electronic switches,micro-electromechanical System(MEMS)devices and 3D printing ***,owing to the generally high surface tension of these liquids,achieving uniform micro-droplets is often a challenge due to the inherent difficulties in controlling their size and *** this study,a gallium indium alloy(GaIn24.5)has been used in combination with a pneumatic drop-on-demand(DOD)injection technology to carry out a series of *** micro-droplet forming process has been explored for different pressure and pulse width *** metal droplets(diameter 1080μm)have been obtained with a 1.5 kPa jet pressure,100 ms pulse width,and 50%duty *** standard deviation of the measured metal droplets diameter has been found to be approximately 20μm.

关键词： Liquid metal drop-on-demand micro-droplet pulse width gallium indium alloy

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Controllable dispersion and reunion of liquid metal droplets

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Science China Materials 2019年第3期62卷 407-415页

作者： Sen Chen Yujie Ding Qinglei Zhang Lei Wang Jing Liu Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Biomedical Engineering School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Liquid metal(LM) micro-droplets have been widely used in microfluidics, drug-loaded nano-system and micro-nano machine due to its excellent properties. However,there still exist difficulties in succinctly dispersing a bulk of LM into micro-droplets due to the large interfacial ***, the controllable switching between droplet dispersion and reunion is yet to be realized. Herein, a practical and efficient method for dispersing LM was proposed and the controllable switching between dispersion and reunion of LM droplets was achieved. LM micro-droplets were produced by vibrating the LM immersed in a mixture of N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) and polyvinyl chloride(PVC). The experimental results show that the size distribution of LM micro-droplets could be tuned by controlling the vibration frequency. More intriguingly, the dispersion and reunion of LM droplets can be switched intelligently through tuning the vibration frequency and amplitude. Furthermore, optical properties of the LM micro-droplet coating were evaluated to display potential applications. A self-driven motion of PVCcoated LM could be achieved by utilizing the produced LM micro-droplets based on the Marangoni effect, which holds promising value for developing future transport tool of LM droplets. The present work suggests an entirely feasible method for dispersing and utilizing LM droplets, which is of great significance for promoting the development of LM micro-droplet science and technology.

关键词： liquid metal micro-droplet dispersion and reunion self-driven motion optical property

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