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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2021年第6期10卷 199-206页

作者： Nickolas J.Themelis A.C.(Thanos)Bourtsalas Earth Engineering Center Department of Earth and Environmental EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA

Analysis of the ***(Environmental Protection Agency)database of 2,549 MSW(Municipal Solid Waste)landfills showed that there were 1,164 operating landfills in which 348 million short tons(316 million metric tons)of waste were landfilled in *** total,these landfills occupy about 370 million square meters of land so it is not possible to monitor the generation of LFG(Landfill Gas)generation accurately,or collect most of the LFG *** study was based on the hypothesis that,on the average,methane generation is proportional to the tonnage of wastes landfilled *** Landfill methane Outreach Program of the EPA(EPA-LMOP)compiles annual operating data of all methane-capturing *** analysis of the 2018 data for 396 LMOP operating landfills showed that 210 million short tons of wastes were deposited and 5.06 million short tons of methane were captured,i.e.,an average capture of 0.024-ton CH4/ton *** the basis of the anaerobic reaction of the DOC(Degradable Organic Carbon)in landfilled wastes,the average rate of methane generation from all operating *** was estimated to be 0.05 ton of CH4 per ton of annual capacity;this number corresponds to bioreaction of about one half of the total organic carbon in *** this basis,the average rate of CH4 emission from the 396 LMOP landfills was estimated to be 0.026-ton CH4 per annual ton of deposition and the average efficiency of LFG capture,48%.Adding up all 1,164 operating landfills,their total emission of methane was estimated at 11.9 million metric tons of *** CH4/CO2 equivalence of 25,this number corresponds to CO2-eq emissions of 270 million metric tons,i.e.,5.1%of the *** related carbon dioxide emissions.

关键词： Wastes LFG methane generation methane capture methane emissions carbon dioxide emissions greenhouse gas emissions U.S.A.

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Sustainable Toilet for a Developing Nation

Sustainable Toilet for a Developing Nation

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2011 International Conference on Future Management Science and Engineering(ICFMSE 2011)

作者： Jay N.Meegoda H.N.Hsieh P.Rodriguez J.Jawidzik Civil & Environmental Engineering NJIT Mechanical Engineering NJIT

The New Jersey Institute of Technology working with the Center for the Rural Development of Milot（CRUDEM） in Milot,Haiti has developed an ecologically sustainable sanitation system for the local hospital H?pital Sacré *** will collect human waste,convert it into fertilizer through anaerobic digestion,and capture the methane gas emissions,which are a byproduct of the process for on-site use as a heating *** liquid and solid separation of human waste is done to prevent counter-productive saturation of the solid waste.A solid waste holding container was designed to allow anaerobic decomposition and for continuous fertilizer production and methane harvesting.

关键词： Pathogen Agriculture Fertilizer methane capture Developing Country Sustainable Development Human waste anaerobic digestion

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