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Sensitivities of Phytophthora infestans to metalaxyl, Cymoxanil, and Dimethomorph

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第7期7卷 831-840页

作者： ZHU Gui-ning HUANG Fu-xin FENG Lan-xiang QIN Bi-xia YANG Yu-hong CHEN Yong-hui LU Xiu-hong Institute of Plant Protection Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanning 530007 P.R.China Institute of Vegetable and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R. China

The isolates of Phytophthora infestans on tomato in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, were determined for the sensitivities to metalaxyl, cymoxanil and dimethomorph to give the basic information for integrating disease management. Sensitivities were tested by measuring the radial growth on agar medium amended with fungicide, compared with the floating-leaf-disk method. 239 isolates were collected from eight tomato growing areas during 2000-2006. The testing results indicated that the frequencies of sensitive, intermediate, and resistant isolates to metalaxyl were 42.26, 35.98, and 23.53%, respectively. Variations in sensitivities amongst isolates from different areas or different years were very high for metalaxyl. All isolates from Tianlin and Wuxuan were sensitive to metalaxyl, but the metalaxyl-resistant isolates predominated in Tianyang, with the frequency of 51.35%. The EC50 values of certain isolates from Tianyang were higher than 500 μg·mL^-1 and their resistance levels were over 100 000 folds. Cymoxanil has been used for nearly 10 years in Guangxi, and dimethomorph has been used for 5-6 years. However, there was no decrease in sensitivity of P. infestans populations and the sensitivities of the pathogen were nearly normally distributed. Hence, their mean ECs0 value [cymoxanil （0.1647 ±0.0255） μg·mL^-1, dimethomorph （0.0970 ± 0.0052） μg·mL^-1 could be used as the baseline sensitivities for monitoring the field resistance development. The comparison with the floating-leaf-disk method indicates that both the techniques provided equivalent results. These studies suggested that metalaxyl can be continuously applied in Tianlin, Wuxuan, and Nanning due to the resistant isolates that have not been found, while for those areas with resistant isolate, the use of metalaxyl should be reduced or alternated, and cymoxanil or dimethomorph was recommended for controlling late blight disease of tomato.

关键词： Phytophthora infestans metalaxyl cymoxanil dimethomorph sensitivity

Determination of metalaxyl Residues in Watermelon and Banana by HPLC

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2014年第4期5卷 35-38页

作者： Zheng Xuehong Fu Xueqin Pan Yongbo Xie Defang Feng Xinping Analyzing and Testing Center CATAS Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Tropical Products Ministry of Agriculture Hubei Branch of China Seed Group Co. Ltd.

A determination method for metalaxyl （MEL） residues in watermelon and banana had been established by automated solid-phase extraction （SPE） cou- pled with high performance liquid hromatography （HPLC）. Samples were extracted by acetonitrile, homogenized, filtrated, extracted by automated solid-phase ex- traction （SPE）, and finally purified by C18 column. The experiment was carried on SunFireTM C18 column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-methanol （25： 40： 35, by vol） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength and injection volume were set at 220 nm and 10 uL, respectively. The recoveries of three different concentrations （0.02, 0.20, 1.00 mg/kg） for watermelon and banana were 94.3 % - 101.0% and 81.5% - 99.6%, respectively. RSD （ n = 5 ） were 1.30% -5.29% and 2.66% -6.67%, respectively. The lower detection limit for metalaxyl was 0. 006 mg/kg. This method met with the requirements of pesticide residue detection. Key words metalaxyl; HPLC; Watermelon; Banana

关键词： metalaxyl HPLC Watermelon Banana

腐霉(Pythium spp.)对甲霜灵(metalaxyl)的敏感性测定

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浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版) 1986年第3期 76-80页

作者：浦大明张炳欣浙江农业大学植保系

测定了8个腐霉(Pythium)种和变种在不同生育阶段(菌丝生长、孢子囊和卵孢子形成,休止孢萌发)对甲霜灵的敏感性,在0.5ppm甲霜灵浓度时,供试菌种间菌丝生长的抑制率有明显差异,抑制率分布为3.4—93.3％.除***外,在10ppm甲霜灵浓度时,腐霉... 详细信息

测定了8个腐霉(Pythium)种和变种在不同生育阶段(菌丝生长、孢子囊和卵孢子形成,休止孢萌发)对甲霜灵的敏感性,在0.5ppm甲霜灵浓度时,供试菌种间菌丝生长的抑制率有明显差异,抑制率分布为3.4—93.3％.除***外,在10ppm甲霜灵浓度时,腐霉的菌丝生长完全被抑制.孢子囊和卵孢子的形成对甲霜灵比较敏感,在0.5ppm时。孢子羹基本上不产生,在1ppm时,卵孢子基本上不形成。休止孢的萌发能忍受甲霜灵的作用,在10ppm时,休止孢的萌发才受到抑制,500ppm时,仍有部分休止孢萌发。

关键词：甲霜灵 Pythium spp ppm 阿普隆腐霉 metalaxyl 敏感性

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贵州烟草黑胫病菌对甲霜灵的抗药性测定

贵州农业科学 2014年第8期42卷 92-95页

作者：彭丽娟丁海霞陆铮铮贵州省烟草品质研究重点实验室贵州贵阳550025 贵州大学农学院贵州贵阳550025 中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院北京100193 遵义师范学院生命科学学院贵州遵义563002

为评估贵州烟草黑胫病菌对甲霜灵的抗药性，采用菌落生长速率法，测定了贵州省8个市（州）采集分离的42株烟草黑胫病菌菌株对甲霜灵的抗性。结果表明：贵州8个市（州）菌株的 EC50值为0．2130～4．2497μg/mL，平均值为1．4256μg/mL；... 详细信息

为评估贵州烟草黑胫病菌对甲霜灵的抗药性，采用菌落生长速率法，测定了贵州省8个市（州）采集分离的42株烟草黑胫病菌菌株对甲霜灵的抗性。结果表明：贵州8个市（州）菌株的 EC50值为0．2130～4．2497μg/mL，平均值为1．4256μg/mL；毕节市菌株平均 EC50值为0．7158μg/mL，对甲霜灵最敏感，平均抗性倍数为3．655，抗药性最弱；黔西南州菌株平均EC50值为1．4562μg/mL，对甲霜灵表现为不敏感，平均抗性倍数为9．13，抗药性最强。结论：贵州省大部分地区的烟草黑胫病菌已对甲霜灵产生抗性，建议轮换或停止施用。

关键词：黑胫病 58%甲霜锰锌(WP) 抗药性贵州 58% metalaxyl (WP)

甲霜灵与其他杀菌剂复配对烟草黑胫病菌联合毒力测定(英文)

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2011年第2期2卷 58-60,63页

作者：刘铭西昌学院农学系四川西昌615013 四川农业大学研究生院四川雅安625014

[ Objective] To overcome the resistance of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae against metalaxyl and effectively control its damage, new efficient complex agent of metalaxyl was studied and developed. [ Method] The toxieities of nine fungicides against P. parasitica were measured using growth rate method. On this basis, the fungicides with good effects were selected to compound with metalaxyl, and the optimum complex ratio was confirmed. [Result] The toxicity of metalaxyl was the strongest with EC50 of 2. 130 5μg/ml; followed by carbendazim, mancezeb and dimethomorph with EC50 of 2.357 9, 2.639 8 and 2. 778 8 μg/ml. The effect of cyazofamid was the poorest with EC50 of 6. 278 8 μg/ml. The optimum complex ratios of dimethomorph, carbendazim and mancezeb with metalaxyl were 40： 60, 30：70 and 20： 80, and their co-toxicity coefficients were 138.80,124.25 and 115.00, respectively. [ Conclusion] The complex agents had application and promotion value, which could be used to carry out further field trials.

关键词： Phytophthora parasitica vat. nicotianae metalaxyl Complex Toxicity

Induction and Characterization of Laboratory Mutants of Phytophthora capsici Resistant to Dimethomorph and Flumorph

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2005年第10期4卷 752-759页

作者： YUAN Shan-kui LIU Xi-li GU Bao-gen DONG Jin JIANG Hui SI Nai-guo Department of Plant Pathology College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 P.R.China Center of Agrochemicals for Biological and Environmental Technology Institute for the Control ofAgrochemicals Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100026 P.R.China Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory National University of Singapore Singapore 117604 Singapore Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Shenyang 110021 P.R.China

Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the risk of Phytophthora capsici developing resistance to two morphlines, dimethomorph and flumorph. metalaxyl, the well-known high risk of resistance fungicides, was used as reference fungicide. Resistant mutants for the three fungicides were isolated by treating mycelium with ultraviolet radiation. metalaxyl-resistant mutants were obtained with high frequency and exhibited high level of resistance with factors more than 100 folds, while mutation frequency for dimethomorph-resistance was relatively low and the resistance factors ranged from 3.0 to 13.9 folds. Most dimethomorph-resistant mutants decreased in hyphal growth rate and the spoulation ability, which have a large impact upon the epidemic development of dimethomorph-resistant populations. These results suggested that the risk of resistant pathogen population was much lower for dimethomorph than for metalaxyl. Both the frequency of developing resistance and level of resistance （resistance factors = 1.8-14.6） to dimethomorph were similar to those of its structure analogue flumorh. Moreover, the cross-resistance were found between them, which suggested the risks of developing resistance to dimethomorph and flumorph in the pathogen were very closely related. As P. capsici can potentially develop resistance to dimethomorph and flumorph, and oomycetes usually have the high risk to develop resistance to fungicides, appropriate management against resistance development should be taken.

关键词： Phytophthora capsici Resistance Dimethomorph Flumorph metalaxyl

A Preliminary Investigation on Phenotypic Characteristics of Phytophthora infestans from Guizhou Province

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2016年第3期5卷 29-32页

作者： Lu HUANG Xiaojun CHEN Haiyong HE Xuehui LIU Shiping WU Institute of Plant Protection Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006China

Abstract [ Objective ] This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic characteristics of Phytophthora infestans from Guizhou Province. The metalaxyl resistance, mating type and isozyme genotype of 292 P. infestans strains isolated from Guizhou Province were analyzed. [ Result] metalaxyl-resistant P. infestans strains were found in different areas of Guizhou Province. Resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible strains accounted for 35.62% , 33.90% and 30.48% , re- spectively. Both mating types A1 and A2 were found, which accounted for 65.38% and 34.62%, respectively. P. infestans strains isolated from Guizhou Province mainly belonged to Gpi genotypes 100/100 and 100/100/111, accounting for 50.68% and 43.84%, respectively. [ Conclusion] This study provides the theoretical basis for the prevention and control of potato late blight in Guizhou Province.

关键词： Phytophthora infestans Mating type metalaxyl Gpi