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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2022年第2期32卷 150-156页

作者： Sanying Hou Hongqing Wang Jianwei Ren Chen Yao Lang Shi Shijun Liao School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of South China Energy Centre Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology

Hydrophilic carbon nanotubes(HCNTs) were introduced into the membrane electrode assembly(MEA) to improve its low-humidity performance.The effects of types,placement,loading,and relative humidity on the MEA performance were investigated.It has been found that the MEA with 20 wt% HCNTs loading both in anode and cathode achieved the best self-humidifying performance.Its current density reached 1550 mA cm-2at 0.6 V,with a maximum power density of 953 mW/cm~2 at 70℃,30 psi and 30% relative humidity conditions.Besides,the stability test shows that its current density at 0.6 V only decreased by 6.4% after 44 h performance test,while the performance of blank MEA without HCNTs decreased by 45% within 6 h testing period.This extraordinary performance under low humidity condition is ascribed to that the HCNTs contained in the MEA improve the water management and mass transportation by functioning as a dispersant and hydrophilic agent.

关键词： membrane electrode assembly Low humidity Carbon nanotubes Power density Stability

Boosting the optimization of membrane electrode assembly in proton exchange membrane fuel cells guided by explainable artificial intelligence

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能源与人工智能(英文)

能源与人工智能(英文) 2021年第3期5卷 217-227页

作者： Rui Ding Wenjuan Yin Gang Cheng Yawen Chen Jiankang Wang Ran Wang Zhiyan Rui Jia Li Jianguo Liu National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciencesand Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University22 Hankou RoadNanjing 210093China

The utilization of environmentally friendly hydrogen energy requires proton exchange membrane fuel cell de-vices that offer high power output while remaining affordable.However,the current optimization of their key component,i.e.,the membrane electrode assembly,is still based on intuition-guided,inefficient trial-and-error cycles due to its complexity.Hence,we introduce an innovative,explainable artificial intelligence(AI)tool trained as a reliable assistant for a variable analysis and optimum-value prediction.Among the 8 algorithms considered,the surrogate model built with an artificial neural network achieves high replaceability in the experimentally validated multiphysics simulation(R^(2)=0.99845)and a much lower computational cost.For interpretation,partial dependence plots and the Shapley value method are applied to black-box models to intelligently simulate the impact of each parameter on performance.These methods show that a tradeoff existed in the catalyst layer thickness.The AI-guided optimization suggestions regarding catalyst loading and the ion-omer content are fully supported by the experimental results,and the final product achieves 3.2 times the Pt utilization of commercial products with a time cost orders of magnitude smaller.

关键词： Machine learning Proton exchange membrane fuel cells Artificial intelligence membrane electrode assembly Multiphysics simulation

Experimental measurement of proton conductivity and electronic conductivity of membrane electrode assembly for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2020年第6期30卷 912-917页

作者： Ruili Sun Zhangxun Xia Congrong Yang Fenning Jing Suli Wang Gongquan Sun Division of Fuel Cells and Battery Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells & Hybrid Power Sources Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Charge transport processes involving the proton migration and electron transfer for different parts of membrane electrode assemble(MEA) play an essential role for developing the novel electrode and enhancing the electrochemical performance towards proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs). However, the coupled charge transport processes make it difficult for evaluating proton conductivity and electronic conductivity of different parts in MEAs under operation conditions of fuel cells. Here in this work, we propose an experiment approach for separating the electronic conductivity and proton conductivity of different components of MEA at the operating conditions of PEMFCs. This approach involves two different measuring devices, which both consist of electron or proton conducting layers, sealing layers and sample layer, followed by tailoring the thickness of sample layers and via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) to quantity the electronic conductivity and proton conductivity of different layers. These experiment results show the great potential in the development of different components of MEA.

关键词： Proton exchange membrane fuel cells membrane electrode assembly Proton conductivity Electronic conductivity

Progress and perspective of single-atom catalysts for membrane electrode assembly of fuel cells

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Carbon Energy 2023年第7期5卷 38-56页

作者： Zhongxin Song Junjie Li Qianling Zhang Yongliang Li Xiangzhong Ren Lei Zhang Xueliang Sun College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering The University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that can continuously input fuel and oxidant into the device through an electrochemical reaction to release electrical energy.Although noble metals show good activity in fuel cell-related electrochemical reactions,their ever-increasing price considerably hinders their industrial application.Improvement of atom utilization efficiency is considered one of the most effective strategies to improve the mass activity of catalysts,and this allows for the use of fewer catalysts,saving greatly on the cost.Thus,single-atom catalysts(SACs)with an atom utilization efficiency of 100%have been widely developed,which show remarkable performance in fuel cells.In this review,we will describe recent progress on the development of SACs for membrane electrode assembly of fuel cell applications.First,we will introduce several effective routes for the synthesis of SACs.The reaction mechanism of the involved reactions will also be introduced as it is highly determinant of the final activity.Then,we will systematically summarize the application of Pt group metal(PGM)and nonprecious group metal(non-PGM)catalysts in membrane electrode assembly of fuel cells.This review will offer numerous experiences for developing potential industrialized fuel cell catalysts in the future.

关键词： fuel cells membrane electrode assembly oxygen reduction reaction reaction mechanism single-atom catalysts

Designing membrane electrode assembly for Electrochemical CO_(2)Reduction:a Review

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2024年第2期30卷 117-129页

作者： Xuerong Wang Shulin Zhao Tao Guo Luyao Yang Qianqian Zhao Yuping Wu Yuhui Chen State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and School of Energy Science and EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Industry and Technology Corp Nanjing 210036China

Currently, the electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction (CO_(2) RR) can realize the resource conversion of CO_(2) , which is a promising approach to carbon resource use. Important advancements have been made in exploring the CO_(2) RR performance and mechanism because of the rational design of electrolyzer systems, such as H-cells, flow cells, and catalysts. Considering the future development direction of this technology and large-scale application needs, membrane electrode assembly (MEA) systems can improve energy use efficiency and achieve large-scale CO_(2) conversion, which is considered the most promising technology for industrial applications. This review will concentrate on the research progress and present situation of the MEA component structure. This paper begins with the composition and construction of a gas diff usion electrode. Then, the application of ion-exchange membranes in MEA is introduced. Furthermore, the eff ects of pH and the anion and cation of the anolyte on MEA performance are explored. Additionally, we present the anode reaction type in MEA. Finally, the challenges in this field are summarized, and upcoming trends are projected. This review should offer researchers a clearer picture of MEA systems and provide important, timely, and valuable insights into rational electrolyzer design to facilitate further development of CO_(2) electrochemical reduction.

关键词： CO_(2)reduction Electrocatalysis membrane electrode assembly

Textured Asymmetric membrane electrode Assemblies of Piezoelectric Phosphorene and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene Heterostructures for Enhanced Electrochemical Stability and Kinetics in LIBs

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第4期16卷 394-414页

作者： Yihui Li Juan Xie Ruofei Wang Shugang Min Zewen Xu Yangjian Ding Pengcheng Su Xingmin Zhang Liyu Wei Jing‑Feng Li Zhaoqiang Chu Jingyu Sun Cheng Huang Volta and DiPole Materials Labs College of EnergySoochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS(SIEMIS)Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceKey Laboratory of Core Technology of High Specific Energy Battery and Key Materials for Petroleum and Chemical IndustrySoochow UniversitySuzhou 215006People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013People’s Republic of China College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001People’s Republic of China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteShanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China High Density Materials Technology Center for Flexible Hybrid Electronics Suzhou Institute of Electronic Functional Materials TechnologySuzhou Industrial Technology Research InstituteSuzhou 215151People’s Republic of China Institute of Advanced Materials and Institute of membrane Science and Technology Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsSuzhou Laboratory and Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816People’s Republic of China

Black phosphorus with a superior theoretical capacity(2596 mAh g^(-1))and high conductivity is regarded as one of the powerful candidates for lithium-ion battery(LIB)anode materials,whereas the severe volume expansion and sluggish kinetics still impede its applications in LIBs.By contrast,the exfoliated two-dimensional phosphorene owns negligible volume variation,and its intrinsic piezoelectricity is considered to be beneficial to the Li-ion transfer kinetics,while its positive influence has not been discussed yet.Herein,a phosphorene/MXene heterostructure-textured nanopiezocomposite is proposed with even phosphorene distribution and enhanced piezo-electrochemical coupling as an applicable free-standing asymmetric membrane electrode beyond the skin effect for enhanced Li-ion storage.The experimental and simulation analysis reveals that the embedded phosphorene nanosheets not only provide abundant active sites for Li-ions,but also endow the nanocomposite with favorable piezoelectricity,thus promoting the Li-ion transfer kinetics by generating the piezoelectric field serving as an extra accelerator.By waltzing with the MXene framework,the optimized electrode exhibits enhanced kinetics and stability,achieving stable cycling performances for 1,000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1),and delivering a high reversible capacity of 524 m Ah g^(-1)at-20℃,indicating the positive influence of the structural merits of self-assembled nanopiezocomposites on promoting stability and kinetics.

关键词： Phosphorene Nanopiezocomposite Piezo-electrochemical coupling membrane electrode assembly Lithium-ion storage

PtNi-W/C with Atomically Dispersed Tungsten Sites Toward Boosted ORR in Proton Exchange membrane Fuel Cell Devices

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第9期15卷 238-256页

作者： Huawei Wang Jialong Gao Changli Chen Wei Zhao Zihou Zhang Dong Li Ying Chen Chenyue Wang Cheng Zhu Xiaoxing Ke Jiajing Pei Juncai Dong Qi Chen Haibo Jin Maorong Chai Yujing Li Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081People’s Republic of China State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company LimitedBeijing 102209People’s Republic of China Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124People’s Republic of China Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China

The performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is heavily dependent on the microstructure of electrode catalyst especially at low catalyst loadings.This work shows a hybrid electrocatalyst consisting of PtNi-W alloy nanocrystals loaded on carbon surface with atomically dispersed W sites by a two-step straightforward method.Single-atomic W can be found on the carbon surface,which can form protonic acid sites and establish an extended proton transport network at the catalyst surface.When implemented in membrane electrode assembly as cathode at ultra-low loading of 0.05 mgPt cm^(−2),the peak power density of the cell is enhanced by 64.4%compared to that with the commercial Pt/C catalyst.The theoretical calculation suggests that the single-atomic W possesses a favorable energetics toward the formation of*OOH whereby the intermediates can be efficiently converted and further reduced to water,revealing a interfacial cascade catalysis facilitated by the single-atomic W.This work highlights a novel functional hybrid electrocatalyst design from the atomic level that enables to solve the bottle-neck issues at device level.

关键词： Fuel cells membrane electrode assembly PGM catalyst Synergistic catalysis Oxygen reduction

Passive electrochemical hydrogen recombiner for hydrogen safety systems:prospects

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第6期34卷 215-224页

作者： A.V.Avdeenkov D.G.Bessarabov D.G.Zaryugin All Russian Research Institute for Nuclear Power Plants Operation JSC 25 Ferganskaya Str.MoscowRussia109507 HySA Center Faculty of EngineeringNorth-West UniversityPotchefstroom2520South Africa State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom 24 Bolshaya Ordynka Str.MoscowRussia119017

This paper presents the concept of a passive electrochemical hydrogen recombiner(PEHR).The reaction energy of the recombination of hydrogen and oxygen is used as a source of electrical energy according to the operating principle for hydrogen fuel cells to establish forced circulation of the hydrogen mixture as an alternative to natural circulation(as is not utilized in conventional passive autocatalytic hydrogen recombiners currently used in nuclear power plants(NPPs)).The proposed concept of applying the physical operation principles of a PEHR based on a fuel cell simultaneously increases both productivity in terms of recombined hydrogen and the concentration threshold of flameless operation(the‘ignition’limit).Thus,it is possible to reliably ensure the hydrogen explosion safety of NPPs under all conditions,including beyond-design accidents.An experimental setup was assembled to test a laboratory sample of a membrane electrode assembly(MEA)at various hydrogen concentrations near the catalytic surfaces of the electrodes,and the corresponding current–voltage characteristics were recorded.The simplest MEA based on the Advent P1100W PBI membrane demonstrated stable performance(delivery of electrical power)over a wide range of hydrogen concentrations.

关键词： Recombiner Catalytic ignition Hydrogen explosion safety Hydrogen fuel cell membrane electrode assembly

High-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cell with ultra-low loading Pt on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes as integrated catalyst layer

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第8期31卷 497-506,I0013页

作者： Qing Hao Meng Chao Hao Bowen Yan Bin Yang Jia Liu Pei Kang Shen Zhi Qun Tian Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Energy Materials School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityGuangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured MaterialsNanning 530004GuangxiChina

Reducing a Pt loading with improved power output and durability is essential to promote the large-scale application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).To achieve this goal,constructing optimized structure of catalyst layers with efficient mass transportation channels plays a vital role.Herein,PEMFCs with order-structured cathodic electrodes were fabricated by depositing Pt nanoparticles by Ebeam onto vertically aligned carbon nanotubes(VACNTs)growth on Al foil via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.Results demonstrate that the proportion of hydrophilic Pt-deposited region along VACNTs and residual hydrophobic region of VANCTs without Pt strongly influences the cell performance,in particular at high current densities.When Pt nanoparticles deposit on the top depth of around 600 nm on VACNTs with a length of 4.6μm,the cell shows the highest performance,compared with others with various lengths of VACNTs.It delivers a maximum power output of 1.61 W cm^(-2)(H_(2)/O_(2),150 k Pa)and 0.79 W cm^(-2)(H_(2)/Air,150 k Pa)at Pt loading of 50μg cm^(-2),exceeding most of previously reported PEMFCs with Pt loading ofelectrodes,demonstrating the most possibility to achieve a substantial reduction in Pt loading<100μg cm^(-2) without sacrificing in performance.

关键词： Proton exchange membrane fuel cells Order-structured catalyst layer Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes Ultra-low Pt loading membrane electrode assembly

The cathode catalysts of hydrogen fuel cell:From laboratory toward practical application

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 4365-4380页

作者： Shuang Cao Tong Sun Jin-Rong Li Qin-Zhu Li Chun-Chao Hou Qi Sun College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute for Sustainable Energy and ResourcesQingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China School of Materials Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)have received a sustained world-wide attention owing to their promising applications based on clean energy.However,their widespread applications are still restricted by the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)process.Over the past decades,significant efforts have been devoted to developing efficient ORR catalysts,which have been summarized in numerous previous reviews.Unfortunately,most of them mainly focused on ORR activity on the rotating disk electrode(RDE)level,which cannot truly represent the performance in real applications.Developing and showcasing efficient catalysts evaluated at the membrane electrode assembly(MEA)level is of vital importance.In this review,we first briefly showcased the recent development of ORR catalysts and then put more emphasis on the discussion of designing efficient catalysts at MEA and full-cell level,aiming to help stimulate more attention on their practical applications.

关键词： oxygen reduction reaction hydrogen energy membrane electrode assembly proton exchange membrane fuel cells