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The Role of Physical Counselling in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus: A Systematic Review

Journal of Diabetes mellitus 2015年第2期5卷 97-110页

作者： Elisabetta Carraro Mattia Roppolo Sara Bonetta Giorgio Gilli Department of Public Health and Pediatrics University of Torino Torino Italy

Context: Physical exercise is a key component of treatment and management of people with Type 2 Diabetes, but the role of strategies and interventions to increase and promote physical activity is unclear. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of intervention studies assessing the effects of physical activity counselling on health outcomes in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data sources: The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, *** databases were used for the literature search. Data Selection: Studies that assessed the effects of interventions mainly based on physical activity counselling strategies, on physical activity level and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were included in the review. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers extracted the data. Data Synthesis: A total of 23 studies out of 1425 retrieved from databases search, were included in the review. The global number of subjects included in the selected studies was 9913, and the mean age of participants was 58.8 (±8.2) years (min = 46.3;max = 73.6). The most part of the studies (19) reported values of physical activity level;13 of them (68.4%) found a significant effect after the counselling intervention, while 6 (31.6%) did not found significant changes. Among the 17 studies reporting data on HbA1c 9 (52.9%) described a significant decrease in the counselling intervention group, while 7 (41.2%) did not find any statistically significant change and 1 (5.9%) reported a significant HbA1c reduction in the comparison group rather than the counselling group. Conclusions: The results presented in this systematic review seem to affirm the usefulness of physical counselling interventions on physical activity and HbA1c, however the lack of homogeneity in the intervention protocols and the contrasting results limit the comprehension of the usefulness of such an approach in patient with type 2 diabetes.

关键词： Physical Activity Counselling Interventions Health Promotion Lifestyle Change Type 2 Diabetes mellitus

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Relationship between Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Diabetes Clinical Risk Factors among Normotensive Type 2 Diabetes mellitus among Native Black African Population

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2018年第3期9卷 203-219页

作者： Ekwutosi Anthony Okafor Ademola Joseph Adekanmi Omolola Mojisola Atalabi Department of Radiology University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria Department of Radiology College of Medicine University of Ibadan/University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is frequently associated with atherosclerosis with changes in the thickness of the intima-media of carotid arteries which causes increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this group of patients. The carotid artery reflects the degree of atherosclerosis in the various vessels especially coronary arteries. Measurement of the carotid artery thickness with real time, relatively cheap and non-invasive ultrasonography method is used in monitoring atherosclerotic disease progression and response to treatment. This study is aimed at ultrasonographic evaluation of the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in adult Type 2 Diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic healthy controls matched for age, gender and body mass index (BMI). And to also determine its association if any with selected clinical factors among a native Black African population. Methodology: This was a prospective case control study involving 54 adult type 2 diabetics and 54 adult non-diabetic controls. CIMT was measured at 3 segments of the extracranial carotid arteries by a 7.5 - 10 MHz linear transducer of a portable Mindray M5 ultrasound machine. Results: Among the native black African population studied, there was significant difference in CIMT of adult type 2 diabetics compared to healthy non-diabetics adults (p value = 0.012 and 0.001 on the right and left respectively). The mean carotid intima-media thickness in diabetics was 0.81 mm and 0.85 mm, while in non-diabetics it was 0.74 mm and 0.75 mm on the right and left respectively. The presence of diabetes showed independent positive correlation with CIMT (beta: 0.24, p value = 0.004). Age (beta: 0.30, p value = 0.001) and plasma cholesterol level (beta: 0.30, p value = 0.013) also had positive correlation with CIMT. Conclusion: There was statistically significant difference in carotid intima-media thickness between adult type 2 diabetics and age

关键词： Type 2 Diabetes mellitus Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Atherosclerosis

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Association of Low Serum Magnesium Levels in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus with &without Hypertension

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2018年第3期8卷 57-69页

作者： Anwar Ali Jamali Ghulam Mustafa Jamali Ameer Ali Jamali Niaz Hussain Jamali Bhojo Mal Tanwani Muhammad Ali Sohail Arslan Ahmer Rajput Department of Medicine Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences Nawabshah Pakistan Department of Pediatrics Medicine Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women Nawabshah Pakistan Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women Nawabshah Pakistan Department of Physiology Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women Nawabshah Pakistan Department of Urology Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women Nawabshah Pakistan

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a widespread metabolic abnormality that constitutes a most important physical dilemma in the world. Hypomagnesaemia accelerates the rate of diabetic complications. Objective: To analyze the association of magnesium levels in DM (Type 2 Diabetes mellitus) with and without complication of Hypertension. Design: It was a comparative analytical study. Setting: This research was carried out in medicine department, Peoples Medical College Hospital, Nawabshah from March 2016 to February 2017. Samples: 245 patients with Type 2 DM after fulfilling the selection criteria were included, out of them 123 with hypertension and 122 without hypertension. Methods: After a short-lived consultation, all the subjects were categorized for variable analyses like age, gender, Type 2 DM with and without hypertension, duration of diabetes and presence of hypomagnesaemia. Joint National Committee (JNC 8) classification of Hypertension was applied to collect data. Blood samples were drawn for research purpose in fasting state for serum magnesium level analyses on the basis of hypertension and without hypertension. Results: In 245 diagnosed Type 2 diabetic patients, 160 were males and 85 were females. Out of them, 123 were hypertensive while 122 were non hypertensive. Normal magnesium was present in 120 (48.97%) and low magnesium was present in 125 (51.02%) patients overall. A decreased serum level of magnesium was observed in 52.04% hypertensive subjects with diabetes and 50% non-hypertensive subjects with diabetes. Conclusion: Frequency of decreased serum magnesium is widespread in T2DM with and without hypertension.

关键词： Type 2 Diabetes mellitus Hypertension Magnesium Hypomagnesaemia

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Milestones in the history of diabetes mellitus:The maincontributors

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World Journal of Diabetes 2016年第1期7卷 1-7页

作者： Marianna Karamanou Athanase Protogerou Gregory Tsoucalas George Androutsos Effie Poulakou-Rebelakou Department of History of Medicine Medical SchoolUniversity of Athens11527 AthensGreece Department of Pathophysiology “Laiko”HospitalMedical SchoolUniversity of Athens11527 AthensGreece

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases involving carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. It is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia which results from defects in insulin secretion, or action or both. Diabetes mellitus has been known since antiquity. Descriptions have been found in the Egyptian papyri, in ancient Indian and Chinese medical literature, as well as, in the work of ancient Greek and Arab physicians. In the 2^(nd) century AD Aretaeus of Cappadocia provided the first accurate description of diabetes, coining the term diabetes, while in 17^(th) century Thomas Willis added the term mellitus to the disease, in an attempt to describe the extremely sweet taste of the urine. The important work of the 19^(th) century French physiologist Claude Bernard, on the glycogenic action of the liver, paved the way for further progress in the study of the disease. In 1889, Oskar Minkowski and Joseph von Mering performed their famous experiment of removing the pancreas from a dog and producing severe and fatal diabetes. In 1921, Frederick Banting and Charles Best extended Minkowski's and Mering's experiment. They isolated insulin from pancreatic islets and administrated to patients suffering from type 1 diabetes, saving thus the lives of millions and inaugurating a new era in diabetes treatment.

关键词： History of endocrinology Metabolic disorder Diabetes mellitus Aretaeus of Cappadocia Insulin

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Epidemiological Transition of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus in Rural South West Cameroon

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2020年第4期10卷 45-58页

作者： Aminkeng Zawuo Leke Nkwati Michel Maboh Susan Etta Maeya Obale Armstrong Lerry Dibo Ndumbe Bessem Pauline Nyenti Akum Delbert Afumbom Njume Beckly Sone Derick Etiendem Elsa Shiri Nkwati Department of Nursing School of Health Sciences Biaka University Institute of Buea-Cameroon Buea Cameroon Centre for Innovation in Education and Research Health Research Foundation Buea Cameroon

Aims: To determine the prevalence and 10 years risk of type-2 diabetes mellitus in rural English speaking South West Cameroon. Methods: Between April and June 2018, we conducted community screening campaigns in 6 English speaking rural communities of Cameroon. We adapted the Finish Diabetes Association Type 2 diabetes risk assessment tool to enable us classify participants as low or high risk cases. Results: In a sample of 983 participants aged ≥30 years, we found 37 (3.8%) persons with type 2 diabetes (12 existing and 25 newly diagnosed) and 149 (15.1%) persons at high risk of developing diabetes within 10 years. We estimated that within 10 years 65 (6.9%) new cases of diabetes will emerge from the study population. Older participants (54 - 87 years) were 2.5 times (AOR 2.5, CI: 1.0, 6.2) more likely to have diabetes compared to younger (30 - 44 years) participants. The risk of developing diabetes within 10 years was statistically significantly increased among participants who were semi-active, older, had a high BMI, had a family history of diabetes or had high systolic blood pressure. Conclusions: Our study identified a brewing diabetes crisis in rural Cameroon, confirming the recent International Diabetes Federation warnings of an impending rural diabetes crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is therefore an urgent need for measures to avert the situation such as expanding the urban-focused diabetes service to rural areas.

关键词： Cameroon Rural Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus Type 2 Diabetes Risk Undiagnosed Diabetes

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Food Intake Characteristics during Early Pregnancy in Women with Gestational Diabetes mellitus

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Health 2017年第12期9卷 1711-1719页

作者： Atsuko Satoh Chikako Kishi Sangun Lee Masumi Saitoh Miwa Miura Yuka Ohnuma Chizu Yamazaki Hidetada Sasaki Department of Nursing Hirosaki University of Health and Welfare Aomori Japan Kensei Hospital Aomori Japan Department of Physical Therapy Aomori University of Health and Welfare Aomori Japan Sendai Tomizawa Hospital Sendai Japan

To investigate the characteristic food intake during early pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a rural city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, one hundred and twenty-one women were recruited and queried about their habitual dietary intake. Food intake of patients was assessed using the model nutritional balance chart at 12 - 16, 24 - 28, and 34 - 36 weeks of gestation. Of the 121 pregnant women examined, 19 were obese. During early pregnancy, food intake ratios of the obese women were significantly lower than those of the non-obese women for the categories of milk (p < 0.001) and sugar (p < 0.05). GDM group was 7 women among 19 women in obesity group during mid-pregnancy. During early pregnancy, women with GDM had significantly higher sugar intake ratios than women without GDM (p < 0.05). These results suggested that obese pregnant women are able to prevent GDM by limiting their sugar intake during early pregnancy.

关键词： Gestational Diabetes mellitus Food Intake Characteristics Sugar Intake Obesity Early Pregnancy

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Association between Socio-Demographic Factors and Blood Sugar Levels in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus Patients in Bangladesh

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Journal of Diabetes mellitus 2017年第3期7卷 151-159页

作者： Md. Rabiul Islam Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the anthropometric and demographic factors and their correlation with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Bangladesh. Methods: One hundred fourteen patients (70 males and 44 females) between 30 and 75 years of age from various areas of Bangladesh were screened for T2DM. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was analyzed by using laboratory kits and spectrophotometric technique. Anthropometric and socio-demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from weight (kg) and height (m) of the individual respondents. Physical activity was categorized based on activity during daily work. Economic condition is defined by respective family income and education level is categorized into 3 levels: illiterate, 0 - 12 years of education and graduate or above. Results: According to the current study results, half of the patients were from the middle-class family with low physical activity and their age was within the range of 30 - 45 years. The male and female ratio of the study population was 60:40. Most of the patients were found to be obese and educated. Urban populations were more prone to have DM than the rural population. Age, education, the area of residence (urban and rural), physical activity and co-morbid diseases were significantly correlated with T2DM in Bangladesh (P Conclusion: Our study shows that different socio-demographic factors have a significant correlation with T2DM in Bangladesh. Diabetes awareness, early diagnosis, patient education and life-style modification can be initiated to manage T2DM efficiently.

关键词： Socio-Demographic Factors Diabetes mellitus Association T2DM Blood Sugar Level Bangladesh

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A Peptidomic Analysis of the Potential Comorbidity Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s Disease

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Health 2019年第6期11卷 817-826页

作者： Zhengqiang Du Jian Hua Dalin Song Department of General Medicine Qingdao Municipal Hospital Qingdao China

Objective: To investigate the potential comorbidity biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: This is a randomized case-control study. There are three groups: 1) normal control group included 32 healthy elderly people in the hospital physical examination;2) 30 patients with T2DM group;and 3) AD group has 28 cases. On-line reversed-phase liquid chromatography separation, tandem mass spectrometry analysis and iTRAQ quantification were used for identification of peptidomic analysis, then detection of three comorbidity biomarkers might be associated with T2DM and AD by ELISA. Results: The Peptidomic Analysis of the potential comorbidity biomarkers for T2DM and the AD group includes Osteopontin (OPN), Isoform 2 of Histone H2Btype 2-F and Histone H4. These potential comorbidity biomarkers for T2DM and the AD group are significantly increased than normal control group. OPN concentrations are 1.67 (0.13 - 2.63) mmol/L in the normal control group, 3.15 (1.51 - 5.35) mmol/L in the T2DM group, and 7.66 (3.55 - 15.38) mmol/L in the AD group. Histone H4 concentrations in three groups respectively are 0.21 ± 0.036 mmol/L (normal control), 0.21 ± 0.046 mmol/L (T2DM) and 0.21 ± 0.034 mmol/L(AD). Isoforms 2 of Histone H2Btype 2-F are 1.73 (0.12 - 2.60) mmol/L, 4.71 (1.26 - 6.84) mmol/L and 9.30 (0 - 20.8) mmol/Lin three groups respectively. Conclusion: The inflammatory mechanism may lead to an increase of histone content in the urine of AD and T2DM patients. Clinical test of these potential comorbidity biomarkers Histones and Osteopontin would be the diagnosis of comorbidity AD and T2DM.

关键词： Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Comorbidity Biomarkers Osteopontin Histones

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Xenotransplantation of embryonic pig pancreas for treatment of diabetes mellitus in non-human primates

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2013年第5期6卷 6-11页

作者： Marc R. Hammerman George M. O’Brien Center Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis USA

Transplantation therapy for diabetes in humans is limited by the low availability of human donor whole pancreas or islets. Outcomes are complicated by immunosuppressive drug toxicity. Xenotransplantation is a strategy to overcome supply problems. Implantation of tissue obtained early during embryogenesis is a way to reduce transplant immunogenicity. Pig insulin is biologically active in humans. In that regard the pig is an appropriate xenogeneic organ donor. Insulin-producing cells originating from embryonic pig pancreas obtained very early following pancreatic primordium formation [embryonic day 28 (E28)] engraft long-term in rhesus macaques. Endocrine cells originating from embryonic pig pancreas transplanted in host mesentery migrate to mesenteric lymph nodes, engraft, differentiate and improve glucose tolerance in rhesus macaques without the need for immune suppression. Transplantation of embryonic pig pancreas is a novel approach towards beta cell replacement therapy that could be applicable to humans.

关键词： Beta Cell Diabetes mellitus Non-Human Primates Transplantation Xenotransplantation

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Clinical critics in the management of diabetes mellitus

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Health 2012年第8期4卷 537-548页

作者： Syed Wasif Gillani Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman Shameni Sundram Suzana Christopher Victor Abdul Hakim Abdullah Hospital Pulau Pinang Penang Malaysia Pharmacy Department Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Kota Bharu Malaysia School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia Ziauddin College of Pharmacy Ziauddin University Karachi Pakistan

There is a global epidemic of diabetes with its prevalence expected to increase from 5.1% in 2003 to 6.3% in 2025. This increase in diabetes is occurring in all nations, however, developing nations are particularly at risk. It spares no group and affects men, women, the elderly, young and people from very racial and socio-economic background. Nevertheless, certain ethnic groups including Asians are affected more than Caucasians. Large randomized clinical trials have shown that improvement in glycaemic control, together with management of diabetes-related risk factors like blood pressure and lipid control significantly reduce the micro and macro complications in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Patient education plays a crucial role in the prevention of diabetic fool problems. In Geneva, the rate of lower limb amputations was reduced by almost 75% after an educational intervention. People with diabetes must acquire the knowledge and skills through education to provide daily self-care in diabetes management which involves maintenance of healthy living, recognition and management of diabetes problems when they arise and taking preventive measures. Some factors include patients’ biomedical variables, the psychosocial environment, the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of patients themselves, home careers and health care providers, healthcare systems’ accessibility and availability and even the national political context may influence these self-care behaviors.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Self-Care Practices Glycaemic Control Management of DM

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