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Evolution and distribution of medullary bone: evidence from a new Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird

National Science Review 2020年第6期7卷 1068-1078页

作者： Min Wang Jingmai K.O'Connor Alida M.Bailleul Zhiheng Li Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment

Living birds are unique among vertebrates in the formation of a female-specific bone tissue called medullary bone(MB) that is strictly associated with reproductive activity. MB is a rapidly mobilized source of calcium and phosphorus for the production of eggshell. Among living taxa, its skeletal distribution can be highly extensive such that it even exists in the ribs of some species. Due to its ephemeral nature, MB is rarely fossilized and so little is understood with regard to the origin of MB and its skeletal distribution in early *** we describe a new Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird, Mirusavis parvus, gen. et. sp. nov., indicating that skeleton-wide distribution of MB appeared early in avian evolution. We suggest that this represents the plesiomorphic condition for the Aves and that the distribution of MB observed among extant neornithines is a product of increased pneumatization in this lineage and natural selection for more efficient distribution of MB.

关键词： Aves Cretaceous medullary bone phylogeny reproduction

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Letrozole Inhibits the Osteogenesis of medullary bone in Prelay Pullets

Letrozole Inhibits the Osteogenesis of Medullary Bone in Pre...

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中国畜牧兽医学会2010年学术年会——第二届中国兽医临床大会

作者： Yi-feng DENG~1,Xiu-xia CHEN~1,Zhen-lei ZhOU~1,and Jia-fa HOU~(1,*) 1 College of Veterinary Medicine,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China

This study was performed to investigate the effect of letrozole,an aromatase inhibitor,on osteogenesis of medullary bone in prelay *** hundred and fifteen,95d old,ISA prelay pullets were *** 10 days of adaptation in the cages,fifteen pullets were selected randomly to collect the serum and bone samples and the rest were randomly assigned to two groups with three replicates *** group was control,the other was letrozole-treated that were fed 0.5mg letrozole per prelay pullet per day for 18 days. The serum and bone samples from these birds were collected during *** and testosterone in serum were assayed using commercial RIA *** serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP),calcium(Ca),inorganic phosphorus(P)were measured by automatic biochemistry analyzer with commercial *** periosteum perimeter(***),endosteum perimeter(***),cortical bone index(CBI),cortical width(***.),cortical bone area(***.)and cortical area ratios(CAR)of tibia were measured by transmitted scanner and a computer-assisted image *** results showed that relative to the control fed pullet,letrozole fed pullets had reduced serum estrogen(57.5%),Ca(33.2%),ALP(33.6%),TRAP(24.2%),and that values of serum estrogen,Ca, estrogen receptor(ER)expression,the tibia radiographic density(RD),serum ALP and TRAP were all reduced(Pbone and the medullary osteogenesis by inhibiting the synthesis of estrogen and its receptor in prelay pullets.

关键词： letrozole estrogen estrogen receptor medullary bone prelay pullets

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