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On the Risks of medicalization of Adolescents Self-Injuring Acts

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第1期11卷 29-46页

作者： Inger Ekman Lars Jacobsson Department of Social Work Ume&#229 University Ume&#229 Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences Psychiatry Ume&#229 University Ume&#229 Sweden

Although common among community adolescents, self-injuring acts are mainly studied by psychiatrists and psychologists and rarely by social work researchers. The preponderance of medical research in the field has come to associate self-injuring acts with mental issues. This view has to a large extent been adopted among professionals as well as among laypeople. When examining adolescents’ unsolicited internet published narratives, this medicalization of self-injuring acts was found to have negative consequences for disclosure and help-seeking, and hence limit the adolescents’ possibilities to get adequate help and support. The main objective of this work is to study adolescents’ views on hampering factors for help-seeking for self-injuring acts and the role of medicalisation for their willingness for disclosure and help-seeking. Disclosure of self-injuring acts within the social network was described as met with demands to seek professional mental help. Seeking professional help was accompanied with fear of being perceived as crazy or diagnosed as mentally ill. Internet websites were described as value free and safe arenas giving opportunity to disclose self-injuring acts without fear of being stigmatized and labelled as mentally ill. An extended involvement of social work researchers and professionals, approaching self-injuring acts not primarily as a sign of mental problems, but as an adolescent way of trying to manage a complicated social context, could enhance finding adequate support systems. It is also necessary that the medical profession contributes to a demedicalization of self-injuring acts.

关键词： Self-Injuring Acts Adolescents Internet Research Stigma medicalization Demedicalization

Non-medicalization of medical science:Rationalization for future

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World Journal of Methodology 2022年第5期12卷 402-413页

作者： Madhukar Mittal Parth Jethwani Dukhabandhu Naik MK Garg Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism All India Institute of Medical Sciences JodhpurJodhpur 342005India Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPuducherry 605006India

As we delve into the intricacies of human disease,millions of people continue to be diagnosed as having what are labelled as pre-conditions or sub-clinical entities and may receive treatments designed to prevent further progression to clinical disease,but with debatable impact and *** is no different,with almost every organ system and associated diseases having subclinical *** the expansion of these“grey”pre-conditions and their treatments come with a better understanding of pathophysiologic processes,they also entail financial costs and drug adverse-effects,and lack true prevention,thus refuting the very foundation of Medicine laid by Hippocrates“Primum non nocere”(Latin),i.e.,do no *** hypothyroidism,prediabetes,osteopenia,and minimal autonomous cortisol excess are some of the endocrine preclinical conditions which do not require active pharmacological management in the vast *** fact,progression to clinical disease is seen in only a small minority with reversal to normality in *** drugs also does not lead to true prevention by changing the course of future *** goal of the medical fraternity thus as a whole should be to bring this large chunk of humanity out of the hospitals towards leading a healthy lifestyle and away from the label of a medical disease condition.

关键词： Prediabetes Subclinical hypothyroidism Osteopenia Mild autonomous cortisol secretion Pre-clinical medicalization

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生命过程的医学化

Bibliometric analysis of top 100 cited articles in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease research

科学技术哲学 2018年第7期 117-127页

作者：唐文佩张大庆

20世纪30年代，随着内分泌学的发展，医学界对于绝经期症状的解释发生了急剧的变化，绝经从一个易于患病的生命阶段，到被定义为一种激素缺乏性疾病，需要补充雌激素加以治疗。在制药商和医学界的宣传下，雌激素替代疗法不仅成为妇女们... 详细信息

20世纪30年代，随着内分泌学的发展，医学界对于绝经期症状的解释发生了急剧的变化，绝经从一个易于患病的生命阶段，到被定义为一种激素缺乏性疾病，需要补充雌激素加以治疗。在制药商和医学界的宣传下，雌激素替代疗法不仅成为妇女们热议的话题，更成为其为之奔走争取的权利。直到20世纪70年代中期，雌激素致癌风波兴起，人们才开始反思激素治疗绝经的利弊得失。本文回顾了绝经医学化的演变过程，认为其在给予女性医疗帮助的同时，也将社会、文化、生理因素综合作用下的不适症状简约为个体的生理性改变，固化了女性身体机能较弱的刻板印象，有可能将女性置于更大的健康风险之中。

关键词：绝经医学化雌激素替代疗法激素替代疗法 menopause medicalization estrogen replacement therapy hormone replacement therapy

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第33期8卷 1478-1488页

作者： Tong-shuo Zhang Hua-lei Qin Tong Wang Hai-Tao li Hai li shi-Hai Xia Xiao-Hui Xiang Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine Affiliated HospitalLogistics University of People’s Armed Police Force

AIM To identify and assess the research situation of top 100 cited articles in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFl D).METHODS The global scientific research articles in the science Citation Index-Expanded relevant to NAFl D were retrieved and listed according to their citation times from the most to the least. The 100 most frequently cited original articles were selected to systematically evaluate their bibliometric parameters including times cited, publication year, journals, subject categories, and the highly related concepts of NAFl D, which reflected the history and current situation, publication distribution of leading countries and institutes as well as the research hotspots of NAFl *** Top 100 cited articles in NAFl D were published from 1965 to 2015 with a citation ranging of 227 to 2151 times since publication, in which the United states was the most predominant country and Mayo Clin was the most productive institution. The majority of the top 100 cited articles were concentrated in s CI subject category of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Hepatology and Gastroenterology is the top journal that published over half 100 top-cited articles. The significant peak of top cited articles present in the first half of the 2000 s while the highest mean number of citation presents in first half of the 1980 s. In addition, concepts related to pathology characteristics, epidemiology and medicalization, metabolic syndrome and its combination of symptoms including insulin resistance, biomarkersof lipid metabolism and obesity are listed as the highly related *** The 100 top-cited articles marked with the leading countries, institutions, journals, hotspots and development trend in NAFl D field that could provide the foundation for further investigations.

关键词： Bibliometrics Top-cited articles Metabolic syndrome Prevalence medicalization Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Complications of Circumcision: A Three-Year Experience in N’Djamena Mother &Child Hospital (Chad)

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Open Journal of Urology 2016年第4期6卷 55-62页

作者： Mahamat Ali Mahamat Olivier Ngueringem Mohamed Jalloh Mahamat Nour Vadandi Valantin Oradimo Sylvain Lamine Niang Serigne M. Gueye The University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad The General Hospital of National Reference of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad The N’Djamena Mother and Child Hospital N’Djamena Chad Grand Yoff General Hospital (HOGGY) of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Aim: This study aimed at describing the various aspects of complications of circumcision and their management in patients referred to N’Djamena Mother & Child Hospital (Chad). Material and Methods: All patients referred for complications of circumcision reported on a 3-year period (July 2011-May 2014) were included. Demographic data, circumstances of the circumcision, clinical presentation and management were computed. Results: Thirty-one cases of complications from traditionally performed circumcisions (n = 19) or circumcisions were performed by paramedics (n = 12). The average age was 7.5 ± 2 years. More than 60% of the patients were between 6 and 10 years old. The complications reported included: urethral fistula in the balano preputial sulcus in 10 cases (32%), entire amputation of the glans in 2 cases (6.5%), amputation of the penis in one case (3.5%), stenosis of the urethral meatus in 8 cases (26%), bleeding in 5 cases (16%) and infections in 5 cases (16%). A surgical treatment was performed according to clinical cases. Conclusion: Circumcision is safe when performed in hospitals. Unfortunately, serious complications may occur if it is performed by non-experts. Hence there is a necessity to raise people’s awareness on the importance of the medicalization of circumcision.

关键词： Accident Circumcision medicalization Chad

Thou shalt not get fat: Medical representations and self-images of obesity in a Mediterranean society

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Health 2013年第7期5卷 1180-1189页

作者： Mabel Gracia-Arnaiz Department of Anthropology Philosophy and Social Work University Rovira i Virgili Tarragone Spain

This paper examines the link between lipophobia and representations and experiences of obesity in Catalonia (Spain) from two points of view: that of the physicians and other health professionals who diagnose and treat obesity as an illness, and that of their patients, especially those between adolescence and early adulthood. The qualitative data demonstrate that the increasing social rejection of fat people can be traced not only to moralizing discourses on “excessive” food consumption or the commodification of slenderness and health, but also to the recent definition of obesity as a disease. The medicalization of fatness, far from helping to destigmatize obesity, is becoming a way of resignifying it in moral terms. While doctors’ and patients’ perspectives diverge in some ways, they converge in others. In this text, I focus on the points of convergence arguing that biomedical understandings of obesity and overweight are characterized by a profound ambivalence. Young patients are regarded both as innocent victims of a permissive consumer society, and guilty of not following doctors’ orders. Although the family is held accountable for overweight or obesity in children, as young people become more independent, guilt is individualized and environmental causes are limited to inappropriate diet and insufficient exercise. Most narratives of young people with weight problems reflect similar ideas about the causes and the responsibility for obesity. Their acceptance of the basic premise that deviating from weight standards and rules for healthy eating are voluntary actions leads them to lose faith in themselves. The stigmatization of obesity thus becomes a vicious circle: the obese acceptance—even consider normal—the incriminations leveled at them, and blame themselves for their situation and their inability to prevent it.

关键词： Obesity medicalization Lipophobia Stigmatization Young People