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Incineration experiment of medical waste of novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19)in a mobile animal carcass incinerator

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waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2021年第2期3卷 177-183页

作者： Shaorui Zhang Yanjun Zhang Fengjun Wang Da Kang Jingjie Wang Minghao Wang Chunwei Zhang Yongtang Wang Hong Liu Baodong Zhou Yong Wu National Engineering Research Center of Power Equipment Harbin Electric Corporation Co.LtdHarbin 150028China State Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Coal-Fired Utility Boilers Harbin Boiler Co.LtdHarbin 150046China

Incineration experiment of medical waste was carried out in a mobile animal carcass incinerator.Simulated medical waste(69%cotton,1.5%wood product,4.5%mask and 25%moisture)was used as raw material.The temperature trend of first and second combustion chamber,the operating conditions and the emission characteristics of gaseous pollutants were studied.The results indicated that the temperature of first combustion chamber can be maintained at 550-650℃ without external heating,while in the final stage a burner was used to realize the burnout of material.The temperature of the second combustion chamber was always lower than that of the first combustion after the burner stopped working.The concentration of CO emission in flue gas was high due to the low disposal efficiency of the mobile incinerator,while NOX and SO2 emission concentrations were far below the standard limit value(GB 18484-2001).

关键词： medical waste Incineration Temperature fluctuation Furnace condition Gaseous pollutants emission

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waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2020年第2期2卷 81-84页

作者： Yufeng Ma Xiaoqing Lin Angjian Wu Qunxing Huang Xiaodong Li Jianhua Yan State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

During the period of COVID-19,the medical waste disposal capacity is seriously inadequate.The main technical process of the municipal solid waste incineration system is the same as that of the medical waste incineration system.Under the conditions of optimizing the technological process,improving the supporting facilities,and controlling the co-processing ratio,the municipal solid waste incinerator(grate furnace)co-processing medical waste is feasible.Some suggested guidelines for emergency treatment of medical waste from COVID-19 have been provided by China.

关键词： medical waste COVID-19 Emergency treatment

Dual Torch Plasma Arc Furnace for medical waste Treatment

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Plasma Science and Technology 2007年第6期9卷 709-712页

作者：刘斌 M.KIKUCHI 李和平 T.IWAO T.INABA Graduate School of Science and Engineering Chuo UniversityTokyo 112-8551Japan Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Faculty of Engineering Musashi Institute of TechnologyTokyo 158-8557Japan

In this paper, characteristics of a treatment and operated at atmospheric pressure dual torch plasma arc used for hazardous waste are studied, and also compared with those of the multi-torch plasma arc and the single torch plasma arc. The dual torch plasma arc is generated between the cathode and anode with argon as the working gas. The temperature distributions of the plasma arc are measured using a spectroscope and line pair method with the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium （LTE） for the DC arc current I=100 A and argon flow rate Q = 15 slpm. The measurements show that the temperatures of the dual torch arc plasma in the regions near the cathode, the anode and the center point are 10,000 K, 11,000 K and 9,000 K, respectively. And the high temperature region of the multi torch plasma arc is of double or much wider size than that of a conventional dual torch plasma arc and single plasma torch. Based on the preceding studies, a dual torch plasma arc furnace is developed in this study. The measured gas temperature at the center region of the argon arc is about 11,000 K for the case of I=200 A and Q=30 slpm operated in atmosphere.

关键词： dual torch plasma arc furnace medical waste

Study on HCI removal for medical waste pyrolysis and combustion using a TG-FTIR analyzer

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第2期9卷 230-239页

作者： Hongmei ZHU Weiying CHEN Xuguang JIANG Jianhua YAN Yong CHI College of Automation Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou 310018 China Hangzhou Boiler Group Co. Ltd. Hangzhou 310021 China State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310013 China

Under both pyrolysis and combustion condition, HCl removal efficiency for medical waste with Cabased additives was semi-quantitatively studied by means of TG-FTIR. Additionally, the difference of HCl removal efficiency for PVC and medical waste was compared. Experimental results showed that： 1） Thermal degradation of medical waste mainly took place in two steps under both pyrolysis and combustion condition; 2） HC1 emitted at both two steps and HCl concentration increased with the increased of Cl ratio in the medical waste; 3） for the same additive, HCI concentration decreased with the increased of additives amount, that is to say, HCI removal efficiency of medical waste increased as the increased of Ca/Cl molar ratio. Fourth, when Ca（OH）2 was used as additive, HCl removal efficiency for medical waste combustion was a little higher than that for medical waste pyrolysis, but either CaCO3 or CaO was used as additive, it was just opposite, more specifically, when CaCO3 was used as additive with Ca/CI= 1.3, HC1 removal efficiency was 5.49% under pyrolysis condition, but that was only 4.24% under combustion condition. Fifth, under the same Ca/CI molar ratio, HCl removal efficiency for PVC was higher than that for medical waste under both pyrolysis and combustion condition, more specifically, when Ca（OH）2 was used as additive with Ca/Cl-1, HCl removal efficiency was 64.51% for PVC, but that was only 27.66% for medical waste pyrolysis with 4% Cl under pyrolysis condition .

关键词： pollution medical waste pyrolysis combustion TG-FTIR HCl removal

Effects of Nursing Intervention Based on Transtheoretical Model of Behavioral Change on Disposal of Home medical waste in Diabetic Patients

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Medicinal Plant 2022年第3期13卷 71-74页

作者： Ziwen XIE Yan ZHAN Hao ZHANG Shuzhen ZHU Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan 442000 China Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan 442000 China First People's Hospital of Xiantao City Xiantao 433000 China

[Objectives]To explore the effects of nursing intervention on the disposal of home medical waste for diabetic patients.[Methods]A total of 118 diabetic patients with insulin injection at home who visited a community service center in Shiyan City during November 2020 and September 2021 were selected as the research objects to implement the intervention,and the medical waste knowledge,attitude scores and standardized medical waste disposal were compared before and after the intervention.[Results]After the intervention,the patient's medical waste knowledge score was significantly higher than that before the intervention,and the medical waste disposal attitude score was significantly higher than that before the intervention.[Conclusions]If the nursing intervention based on Transtheoretical Model(TTM)of Behavioral Change penetrates deep into patients'families and communities,it is helpful to improve the knowledge and attitude of diabetic patients on home medical waste disposal,and regulate their home medical waste disposal behavior.

关键词： Diabetic patients medical waste Disposal Intervention research

Characterization of hospital waste in Lahore, Pakistan

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Chinese medical Journal 2014年第9期127卷 1732-1736页

作者： Sobia Munir Syeda Adila Batool Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry College of Earth and Environmental Science Department of Space Science College of Earth and Environmental Science University of the Punjab Lahore 54600 Pakistan

Background It is a common practice in developing countries that medical/infectious waste openly dumped with municipal solid waste.This paper presented a generation and characterization study of hospital waste.Determination of the waste composition is a basic step for selecting the most efficient treatment method of hospital waste.Methods Stratified random sampling was used to collect the samples of general as well as medical wastes for seven days.medical waste was sorted into 10 categories whereas general waste was classified into 11 categories.Incineration was observed thoroughly for observing flaws in the incineration process.Data was analyzed by using SPSS software version 16.0.Results The studied hospital produced an average 297 kilograms of medical waste daily and it comprises plastics （71.0％）,glass （13.9％）,papers etc.（3.8％）,cotton/dressings （5.7％）,masks/gloves/sheets （0.3％） diapers （0.4％）,wasted machines used in operation theaters （2.0％） and blades （0.1％）.Laboratories,cancer ward,nursery ward,OPD and emergency ward are the largest infectious waste producing departments in the hospital.The hospital produced an average 3 511 kilograms of general waste daily in which organics constitute （44.3％）,diapers etc.（42.8％）,demolition materials （3.7％）,plastic waste mixing medical plastic waste （2.5％）,miscellaneous （2.14％）,cloth/clothes （1.6％）,cardboard （1.3％）,papers （0.8％）,cotton dressings （0.28％）,glass （0.27％） and iron materials （0.18％）.Other alarming facts are：medical waste is recycled in study area,after incineration of hospital waste,ash simply dumped in the premises of the hospital without any liner system.Conclusions The studied hospital produces 10％ of infectious waste and 90％ of general waste.The largest components of the infectious waste are plastic and glass.Organics and diapers are major components of the general waste coming from different sites of the hospital.Lack of training,inadequate knowledge regarding to the composition of the infectious waste and risks associated with the waste are the major issues w

关键词： medical waste characterization open dumping scavenging recycling

Repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic on solid waste generation and management strategies

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第6期15卷 241-258页

作者： Yangyang Liang Qingbin Song Naiqi Wu Jinhui Li Yuan Zhong Wenlei Zeng Macao Institute of Systems Engineering Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China Macao Environmental Research Institute Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

It has been over ten months since the beginning of the 2019 coronavirus disease(COVID-2019),and its impact on solid waste management,especially medical waste,is becoming clearer.This study systematically reviews the potential influences of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical waste,personal protection equipment waste and municipal solid waste(MSW),and discusses the corresponding measures and policies of solid waste management in typical countries.The results show that the generation of medical waste from the pandemic increased significantly,with 18%‒425%growth.It is estimated that the daily output of COVID-19 medical waste increased from 200 t/d on Feb.22 to over 29000 t/d at the end of September 2020 throughout the world.The use of personal protective equipment will continue to grow in the long-term,while the blockade and isolation measures greatly reduced the volume of commercial waste,especially for tourist cities,and part of this waste was transferred to household waste.Residents’attitudes and behavior toward food waste have changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.In response to the pandemic,international organizations and several countries have issued new policies and guidelines and adjusted their management strategies for medical waste and MSW treatment.The pandemic has brought specific challenges to the disposal capacity of medical waste worldwide.It has also brought about the stagnation of policies related to the reduction of plastic products and waste recycling.This study will provide some useful information for managers and governmental officials on effective solid waste management during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： COVID-19 medical waste Personal protective equipment Municipal solid waste waste management

Estimation of Different Categories of Healthcare waste Generated at Two Different Hospital Categories in Four Hospitals in Dar es Salaam City

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第10期11卷 872-888页

作者： Honest Anicetus Josephat Saria Hussein Mohamed Ministry of Health Community Development Gender Elderly and Children Dodoma Tanzania Open University of Tanzania Department of Environmental Studies Dar es Salaam Tanzania Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania

This study aims to estimate the quantity of healthcare waste categorically generated in four different healthcare in Dar es Salaam city namely, Muhimbili National Hospital, Mwananyamala Regional Referral Hospital, Temeke Regional Referral Hospital and Ilala Regional Referral Hospital to evaluate the quantities of medical waste generated based on their level and capacity. waste was collected in different categories of non-infectious, sharps, infectious, infectious plastics, and pathological waste which were measured daily for fourteen (14) consecutive days in all hospitals by using a weighting scale and observational checklist to document related waste management information and the assessment of the healthcare waste generation in each hospital. The average general healthcare waste generation rate per healthcare ranges from 298.9 kg/day to 1554.4 kg/day. The high fluctuation in general medical waste was established to be attributed to specialization difference between one hospital to the other, and the large number of in-patients and out patients between hospitals. The overall average sharps waste generation rate was established to range from 8.5 ± 2.7 - 13.9 ± 1.8 kg/day. Higher values of sharps waste generated observed at Muhimbili hospital are due to emergency cases referred to from other hospitals located within the city and from the surrounding districts and other regions of the country. The results from this study, raise alarm to hospital administrators, and other health stakeholders working in related fields to give special attention and priority in setting a related share in their budgets for proper management of medical waste in their health facilities.

关键词： Healthcare Dar es Salaam Infectious waste Environmental Hazards medical waste Hospital Solid waste

Management and Recycling of Special medical wastes in Taiwan

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Management and Recycling of Special Medical Wastes in Taiwan