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mating system and pollination biology of a high-mountain perennial plant,Rhodiola dumulosa(Crassulaceae)

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2010年第3期3卷 219-227页

作者： Lin Zhu Anru Lou State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology College of Life Sciences of Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Aims Rhodiola dumulosa is a perennial herb growing in a naturally fragmented habitat of high-mountain rocks.This research aims to(i)investigate the mating system characteristics and pollination biology of R.dumulosa,(ii)study the effects of ecological factors on the mating system and pollination biology of R.dumulosa and(iii)assess the relationship between its pollination and mating system.Methods mating system parameters were analysed using allozyme markers.Growth of pollen tubes from artificial self-and cross-pollination was also examined.Field investigations were conducted on insect flower visitation during the blooming period of R.dumulosa.Relationships among mating system,insect flower visitation frequency and environmental factors were assessed.Important Findings The results showed that(i)R.dumulosa has a mixed-mating system:it is self-compatible and primarily outbreeding,with the multilocus outcrossing rate(tm)ranging from 0.58960.078(6 standard deviation)to 0.84660.077;inbreeding coefficients of maternal parents(F)were zero,indicating that inbreeding depression was intense.(ii)Light intensity and temperature impacted the visitation of the principal pollinators,the syrphid Eristalis tenax and the bumblebee Bombus pyrosoma.(iii)Population size plays an important role in the mating system and pollination.Populations received more frequent visits by the principal pollinators usually had higher outcrossing rates.Pollination to some extent affects the mating system of R.dumulosa and it is important to maintain large populations to prevent further inbreeding and to maintain pollinators to facilitate outcrossing.

关键词： allozyme mating system pollen tube growth pollination Rhodiola dumulosa

Design and Research on the Two-Joint mating system of Underwater Vehicle

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China Ocean Engineering 2013年第1期27卷 111-120页

作者：张忠林王立权 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Harbin Engineering University

In the 21st century, people have come to the era of ocean science and ocean economy. With the development of ocean science and technology and the thorough research on the ocean, underwater mating technique has been widely used in such fields as sunk ship salvage, deep ocean workstation, submarine lifesaving aid and military affairs. In this paper, researches are made home and abroad on mating technology. Two-joint mating system of underwater vehicle is designed including plane system, three-dimensional assembly system and control system in order to increase the capacity of adapting platform obliquity and adopting rotational skirt scheme. It is clear that the system fits the working space of underwater vehicle passageway and there is no interference phenomenon in assembly design. The finite element model of the system shell and the pressurization of the joint are established. The results of the finite element computing and the pressing test are accordant, and thus it can testify that the shell material meet the need of intension and joint pressurization is reliable. Modeling of the control system is accomplished, and simulation and analysis are made, which can provide directions for the controller design of mating system of underwater vehicles.

关键词： underwater vehicle rotational skirt mating system the finite element model controller system simulation

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mating system of Stropharia rugoso-annulata

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食用菌学报 2006年第2期 12-14页

作者： WANG Hong, CAO Hui Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding of Shanghai Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China

Stropharia rugoso-annulata basidiospores were collected from fruit bodies and single spore clones were isolated. Sixty monokaryon strains were confirmed by the presence of clamp connections and separated by three-cycle spore-crossing tests into four groups containing 6, 14, 21 and 19 strains, respectively. Data indicated that S. rugoso-annulata has a tetrapolar mating system under the control of two genetic factors.

关键词： Stropharia rugoso-annulata mating system Three-cycle spore-crossing test

Multiple lines of evidence supports the two varieties of Halenia elliptica(Gentianaceae)as two species

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Plant Diversity 2022年第3期44卷 290-299页

作者： Jin-Feng Wu Dong-Rui Jia Rui-Juan Liu Zhi-Li Zhou Lin-Lin Wang Min-Yu Chen Li-Hua Meng Yuan-Wen Duan School of Life Sciences Yunnan Normal UniversityKunming 650092PR China School of Ecology and Environmental Science&Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091PR China Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesXining 810001PR China The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at KunmingKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanPR China Yunnan Lijiang Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesLijiang 674100YunnanPR China

Delimiting species requires multiple sources of evidence.Here,we delimited two varieties of Halenia elliptica(Gentianaceae)using several lines of evidence,including morphological traits and mating system in a sympatric population,phylogenetic relationships based on nrITS and cpDNA(rpl16)data,and complete chloroplast genome sequences.Comparative analysis of 21 morphological traits clearly separates the two varieties of H.elliptica.Examination of the flowering process and pollination treatments indicate that H.elliptica var.grandiflora produces seeds via outcrossing,whereas H.elliptica var.elliptica produces seeds via mixed mating.Furthermore,hand-pollinated hybridization of the two varieties produced no seeds.Observations of pollinators showed that when bees began a pollination bout on H.elliptica var.grandiflora they preferred to continue pollinating this variety;however,when they began a pollination bout on H.elliptica var.elliptica,they showed no preference for either variety.Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the monophyly of H.elliptica,which was further divided into two monophyletic clades corresponding to the two varieties.A large number of variants from the chloroplast genomes reflected remarkable genetic dissimilarities between the two varieties of H.elliptica.We recommend that the two varieties of H.elliptica should be revised as two species(H.elliptica and H.grandiflora).Our findings indicate that H.elliptica varieties may have split into two separate species due to a shift in mating system,changes in flowering phenology and/or post-pollination reproductive isolation.

关键词： Halenia elliptica Flowering phenology mating system Reproductive isolation Monophyly Species delimitation

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Allozyme Variation and mating system of Wild-Growing Panax Ginseng

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Allozyme Variation and Mating System of Wild-Growing Panax G...

Linkages among the functional traits,insect visitation rate and seed set of Gentiana taxa on the Tibetan Plateau

第二届植物分子育种国际会议

作者： O.G.Koren T.Y.Gorpenchenko Yu.N.Zhuravlev Institute of Biology and Soil Science VladivostokRussia Institute of Biology and Soil Science VladivostokRussia Institute of Biology and Soil Science VladivostokRussia

＜正＞Our early studies discovered the low genetic polymorphism in natural as well as in cultivated populations of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. Overexploitation of ginseng resources seems to be the first and the most obv... 详细信息

关键词： Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer Allozymes mating system Apomixis

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第8期19卷 2312-2321页

作者： DAI Wen-fei GAO Rui HE Meng-ying YANG Yu-lian LI Fang-lan MU Jun-peng Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Mianyang Normal UniversityMianyang 621000China Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China

Maximum plant height(H_(max)),stem tissue mass density(SD),leaf mass per area(LMA),and relative growth rate(RGR)have all been linked to flowering phenology.However,it is still unknown whether these functional traits varying with flowering phenology are related to other floral traits associated with pollinator preference and reproductive success.We investigated the relationship between vegetative and floral traits,as well as the rates of insect visitation and seed set of fiveGentiana species in eastern Tibetan meadows.Our results showed that flowering onset and flowering offset time were all found to be positively correlated with the H_(max),SD,and LMA,but negatively correlated with the RGR.Flowering onset time was positively correlated with corolla diameter and pollen grain number,whereas was negatively correlated with flower number and flower longevity.The rates of insect visitation were positively related to flowering onset time,pollen grain number,corolla diameter,and seed set,but negatively related to flower number and longevity.Early flowering species have higher RGR but lower SD,LMA andH_(max),as well as smaller flowers,fewer pollen grains,longer flower longevity,and lower insect visitation rates than late-flowering plant species.Our findings indicate that floral traits are related to vegetative traits in Gentiana species.Also these plant trait relationships were associated with pollinator preference,and plant reproductive success of eastern Tibetan meadows.We speculate that these traits relationships are likely adaptive in unpredictable and often pollinator-limited environments in the Tibet alpine meadows.

关键词： Life history strategy mating system Reproductive efficiency Alpine plant

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Ecology and social behavior of the social vole Microtus socialis: A generalized review

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Current Zoology 2023年第6期69卷 775-783页

作者： Vladimir S.Gromov A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Leninsky prosp.33Moscow 119071Russia

The present review is a compilation of the published data on the ecology and social behavior of the social vole.Field studies provide evidence that these voles live in family groups consisting of 1 adult male,1 or 2 breeding females,and their offspring(1 or 2 litters).The social vole is capable of year-round reproduction,but in arid regions,the voles demonstrate seasonality in breeding.The mating system of this species may be defined as behavioral monogamy.A typical feature of the space use system is territoriality characterized by a locus-dependent dominance in relationships between neighboring breeding pairs as well as family groups.The family group social organization may be defined as consistent relationships without a dominant hierarchy.Social voles are cooperative in defending their territories,constructing burrows,digging underground tunnels,maintaining nests,and raising young.Cooperation appears to enhance the survival of family groups of this species under the extreme climaticconditionsof Central Asia.

关键词： ecology family-group lifestyle mating system reproduction social organization social vole

Physical contact, volatiles, and acoustic signals contribute to monogamy in an invasive aggregating bark beetle

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Insect Science 2020年第6期27卷 1285-1297页

作者： Zhu-Dong Liu Guo-Bing Mi Kenneth F.Raffa Jiang-Hua Sun State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Erdaochuan Forest Station of Guandi Mountain Forest Bureau WenshuiShanxi ProvinceChina Department of Entomology University of WisconsinMadisonWlUSA University Academy of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The behavioral strategies and mechanisms by which some insects maintain monogamous mating systems are not well understood.We investigated the mating system of the bark beetle Dendroctonus valens,and identified several contributing mechanisms.Field and laboratory observations suggest the adults commonly form permanent bonds during host colonization.Moreover,it showed mated females that remained paired with males produced more offspring than mated females that were alone in galleries.In bioassays,a second female commonly entered a gallery constructed by a prior female.Videos show she commonly reached the location of the first female,but they did not engage in actual fighting.Rather,the second female typically departs to form her own gallery.Acoustic signaling likewise does not appear to influence female-female encounters,based on controlled muting experiments.Instead the intruder appears to perceive the residents presence by physical contact.Both acoustic signals and volatiles released by females during gallery constructing were shown to attract males.After a male joined a female in a gallery,the male-produced aggressive sounds,which were shown by playback to deter other males from entering the gallery.Unlike female-female interactions,resident males use their head and rear to push intruders out of galleries.Additionally,volatiles released by males during feeding repelled intruding males,discouraging them from entering the gallery.Males also construct plugs that block the entrance,which may prevent subsequent males and predators from entering the gallery.Thus,D.valens has evolved multifaceted mechanisms contributing to single pairings that confer benefits to both sexes.

关键词： acoustic signals behavioral assay Dendroctonus valens mating system pheromones rivalry

Does kinship affect spatial organization in a small and isolated population of a solitary felid: The Eurasian lynx?

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第5期11卷 334-349页

作者： Krzysztof SCHMIDT Francesca DAVOLI Rafał KOWALCZYK Ettore RANDI Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of SciencesBiałowieżaPoland Laboratory of Genetics Institute for Environmental Protection and ResearchOzzano EmiliaItaly Aalborg University Department of BiotechnologyChemistry and Environmental EngineeringAalborgDenmark

Social organization in wild carnivores is mostly determined by patterns of family bonds,which may shape the degree of relatedness among individuals in the population.We studied kinship in a small and isolated population of a solitary carnivore,the Eurasian lynx(Lynx lynx)to evaluate its effect on spatial distribution of individuals.We investigated the relationship between spatial location and pair-wise kinship among 28 lynx individuals identified in 2004-2011 by telemetry,non-invasive sampling and genotyping with the use of 12 autosomal microsatellites in the Białowieża Primeval Forest,Poland.The average relatedness of the lynx population was relatively low(Lynch and Ritland’s R=0.03).Females were significantly more related to each other than males with other males.The inferred pedigree showed that the population was dominated by only 2 familial groups.We did not find significant correlations between the relatedness and the extent of home range overlap or the straight-line distances between the home ranges’central points.These results suggest that the dynamics of kinship in this solitary felid may not differ from the random mating processes described in social carnivores.Although the chances of random mating could be limited to a few resident males and females,the presence of unrelated floaters may provide a“breeding buffer”that may prevent an increase of relatedness and likely inbreeding in the population.This system is likely to fail in preserving genetic diversity in small,highly isolated populations;therefore,restoring habitat connectivity is crucial to ensure sufficient immigration from neighboring populations.

关键词： genetic variability inbreeding mating system relatedness social organization