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Theoretical study of superradiant masing with solid-state spins at room temperature

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 38-47页

作者： Qilong Wu Yuan Zhang Hao Wu Shi-Lei Su Kai-Kai Liu Mark Oxborrow Chong-Xin Shan Klaus Mølmer Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics Henan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450046China Center for Quantum Technology Research and Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements School of PhysicsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100193China Department of Materials Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Niels Bohr Institute University of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2100Denmark

Steady-state superradiance and superradiant lasing attract significant attentions in the field of optical lattice clocks,but have not been achieved yet due to the technical challenges and atom loss problem.In this article,we propose that their counter-part may be observed in the microwave domain with solid-state spins,i.e.,nitrogen-vacancy center spins and pentacene molecular spins,coupled to microwave resonator at room temperature with realistic technical restrictions.To validate our proposal,we investigate systematically the system dynamics and steady-state by solving quantum master equations for the multi-level and multi-process dynamics of trillions of spins.Our calculations show that the superradiant Rabi oscillations occur firstly due to transitions among different Dicke states,and the subsequent continuous-wave superradiant masing can achieve a linewidth well below millihertz.Our work may guide further exploration of transient and steady-state superradiant masing with the mentioned and other solid-state spins systems.The ultra-narrow linewidth may find applications in deep-space communications,radio astronomy and high-precision metrology.

关键词： solid-state spins superradiance maser

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A superradiant maser with nitrogen-vacancy center spins

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第1期65卷 61-70页

作者： Qilong Wu Yuan Zhang Xigui Yang Shi-Lei Su Chongxin Shan Klaus Mølmer Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Key Laboratory of Material PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies Center for Complex Quantum SystemsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyAarhus UniversityAarhus C DK-8000Denmark

Recent experiments have demonstrated Rabi-oscillations, superradiant pulses and stimulated emission from negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy(NV;) center spins in microwave resonators. These phenomena witness the kind of collective and strong coupling which has been the prerequisite for observation of superradiant lasing in the optical frequency regime. In this article, we investigate the possibility to employ coherence, present in both the collective NV-spin ensemble and the microwave field, to achieve a superradiant maser. Our calculations show that a superradiant maser with a linewidth below millihertz can be achieved with moderate kilohertz incoherent pumping of over 10;spins at room temperature. We show that the superradiant masing prevails in the presence of inhomogeneous broadening, and we present numerical and analytical studies of the dependence of the phenomenon on the various physical parameters.

关键词： superradiance maser NV center spins

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Review of noble-gas spin amplification via the spin-exchange collisions

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2022年第10期65卷 5-23页

作者： Haowen SU Min JIANG Xinhua PENG CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China

Due to isolation from the environment with the protection of the full electronic shells, nuclear spins of noble gas typically feature extraordinary long coherence times, high polarization and good chemical inertness, which makes themselves attractive in extensive scientific applications. Recently, the noble-gas spin amplification via the spin-exchange collisions between overlapping noble-gas spins and alkali-atom spins has been theoretically and experimentally demonstrated in various quantum techniques including maser, Floquet maser, spin-based amplifier, and Floquet spin amplifier. The noble-gas spin amplification can enhance the external oscillating magnetic field by a factor of more than 100 and realize ultrasensitive magnetometry,which is important for the detection of weak electromagnetic fields and hypothetical particles. Based on the spin amplification, experiments have been conducted to search for axion-like dark matter and exotic spindependent forces and new constraints have been established. This review summarizes the recent progress on noble-gas spin amplification, including the basic principles, methods, different types, the related applications ranging from magnetic-field sensing to searches for new physics, and prospects for further improvements.

关键词： nuclear spin noble gas maser spin amplification Floquet system

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Analysis of iris-loaded resonance cavity in miniaturized maser

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第5期29卷 188-193页

作者：郭祖根张勇唐涛王战亮宫玉彬肖飞巩华荣 National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vacuum Electronics School of Electronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China

The size reduction of atomic clocks is a long-standing research issue.Many atomic clocks such as passive hydrogen masers(PHMs)and compact rubidium masers(CRMs)use iris-loaded resonance cavities(IRCs)as their microwave cavities because they can dramatically reduce the radical sizes of the atomic clocks.In this paper,the electromagnetic characteristic of the IRC is investigated by a theoretical model based on electromagnetic field theory.The formulas to calculate the resonance frequency,quality factor,and magnetic energy filling factor are presented.The relationship between the IRC structure and its electromagnetic characteristic is clarified.The theoretical calculation results accord well with the electromagnetic software simulations and experimental results.The results in this paper should be helpful in understanding the physical mechanism of the IRC and designing the atomic clocks.

关键词： maser iris-loaded resonance cavity resonance frequency quality factor magnetic energy filling factor

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Kinetic theory of a novel high-relativistic free electron quasi-optical maser

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Science China Mathematics 1995年第11期38卷 1363-1376页

作者：刘濮鲲杨中海钱尚介刘盛纲 Institute of High Energy Electronics University of Electronic Science Southwestern Institute of Physics Chengdu 610041 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 China

A novel quasi-opitcal resonance system modified axisymmetrical quasi-optical cavity of oblique ratation(MAQCOR)-is proposed using the laplace integral transormation the kinetic theory of the high relativsitic electron cyclotron maser with MAQCORis carried out within the framowrk of the linearized vlasov-mxawel eauations the formulas of beamwave intreaction power starting current and frequency shift have been derived some important plroblems such as high-order harmonic modes competition inflneces of the rationg angle and space charge and space chrage effcet are andlyaed and discussed in detall and a serios fo new condinsions are obtained a theoretical bssia is laid for the design of this novel qussi-optical

关键词： novel quasi-optical cavity high relativistic electrom eyclotron maser kinettic theory space-charge dffect

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MADEY THEOREM AND GAIN FORMULA IN ELECTRON CYCLOTRON maser

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1990年第1期35卷 14-18页

作者：张世昌 Department of Physics University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 PRC

In recent years, much attention has been paid to the free-electron laser (FEL). Especially, Madey provided an important theorem, the first part of which expresses the stimulated emission as the derivative of the spontaneous emission, and the second part gives an expression for the spontaneous emission in terms of the firstorder perturbation to the energy of the electron expressed in powers of the optical field. Subsequently, Kroll Morton et al. and Groven et al. rewrote the Madey theorem as the following form:

关键词： electron cyclotron maser flee-electron laser Madey theorem.

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The numerical simulation of the growth rate of electron-cyclotron maser

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1996年第1期41卷 49-54页

作者：金声震赵仁扬 Beijing Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

The spike radiation in the microwave region has been known for a long time as a special radiation which comes from the interaction of waves and nonthermal electron beams in the source region of corona. Many solar radio astronomers, such as Melrose and Dulk, Zhao and Shi, have studied the physical reason of spike radiation. It is generall believed that the lose cone distribution of the nonthermal electrons in a flaring loop is unstable, and if the beam particle distribution develops a positive gradient, i.e. (?)f/(?)p>0, some electron-magnetic waves are excited.

关键词： spike electron-cyclotron maser simulation.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF CYCLOTRON AUTORESONANCE maser WITH A LARGE-ORBIT ELECTRON RING IN A PARTIALLY DIELECTRIC-LOADED WAVEGUIDE

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Journal of Electronics(China) 1993年第4期10卷 324-330页

作者：尹元昭 Institute of Electronics Academia SinicaBeijingChina

The cyclotron autoresonace masers with a large-orbit electron ring in a dielectric-loaded waveguide have been analyzed.The stability properties are investigated self-consistentlyon the basis of the linearized Vlasov-Maxwell equations.The numerical results show that thedielectric liner can greatly reduce the energy of the electron beam,and a novel effective radiationdevice with low electron beam energy in the millimeter and submillimeter wave region have beenproposed.

关键词： Cyclotron autoresonance maser Dielectric-loaded waveguide Large-orbit electron ring

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CO observations of massive star forming regions at different evolutionary phases

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2006年第5期49卷 626-640页

作者： CHEN Xi1,2, XU Ye1,3, SHEN Zhiqiang1,3 & LI Jingjing1,2 1. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China 2. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100034, China 3. Joint Institute for Galaxy and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory and the University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 200030, China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Joint Institute for Galaxy and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory and the University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai China

The 12CO (J=1-0), 13CO (J=1-0) and C18O (J=1-0) emissions in 9 massive star forming regions, which are believed to be at different stages of massive star formation, were mapped with the 13.7 m millimeter wave telescope at Qinghai Station of Purple Mountain Observatory. Of the observed 9 sources, 13CO cores were detected in seven of them, and C18O cores in five of them. And only two sources associated with C18O cores and H2O masers showed the extended structures and strong outflows. This is the first detection of outflow associated with IRAS 22566+5828 in the observing field of S152/S153. The physical parameters of cores and outflows for these sources, derived from Local Thermal Equilibrium (LTE) analysis, are presented. These observing results suggest that the C18O cores will only appear when the gas density is high enough and the probability to have an outflow is very high when the clumps show the C18O and H2O maser simulta- neously.

关键词： star formation cloud core outflow H2O maser

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Chandra observations of the H_2O megamaser galaxy Mrk1210

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第6期52卷 960-968页

作者： ZHANG JiangShui & FAN JunHui Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangzhou China

We present the first Chandra X-ray observations of the H2O megamaser galaxy Mrk1210 (UGC4203), a Seyfert 2 galaxy at an approximate distance of D～57.6 Mpc. The Chandra X-ray image, with by far the highest angular resolution (～1"), displays an unresolved compact core toward the nuclear region of Mrk1210. Comparisons with the previous X-ray observations in the nuclear emission and the spectral shape indicate a fairly stable phase between 2001 (BeppoSAX and XMM-Newton) and 2004 (Chandra) after a dramatic variation since 1995 (ASCA). The best-fit model of Chandra X-ray spectrum consists of two components. The soft scattered component can be best fitted by a moderately absorbed power-law model adding a spectral line at ～0.9 keV (possibly a Ne-Kα fluorescent line), while the hard nuclear component can be well reproduced by a heavily absorbed power-law model (NH～2×1023 cm-2) with an additional line at ～6.19 keV (close to the Fe-Kα fluorescent line). The derived absorption-corrected X-ray luminosity implies that the dramatic variation of spectral properties is caused by significant changes of the absorbing column density along the line-of-sight, while the intrinsic nuclear X-ray lu-minosity remains stable. In this case, the absorbers should be anisotropic and its size can be constrained to be less than 0.0013 pc. In addition, we also estimate the mass of central engine, the disk radius and the accretion rate of the accretion disk to be 107.12±0.31M⊙, ～1 pc and 0.006, respectively.

关键词： active galaxy nuclei Seyfert galaxy X-ray maser

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