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Keeping an ear out:size relationship of the tympanic bullae and pinnae in bandicoots and bilbies(marsupialia:Peramelemorphia)

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 251-264页

作者： Melissa C.TAYLOR Kenny J.TRAVOUILLON Margaret E.ANDREW Patricia A.FLEMING Natalie M.WARBURTON Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Harry Butler InstituteMurdoch University90 South StMurdochWA 6150Australia Collections and Research Western Australian MuseumWelshpoolWA 6106Australia

Bandicoots and bilbies(Order Peramelemorphia)occupy a broad range of habitats across Australia and New Guinea,from open,arid deserts to dense *** once diverse group has been particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and introduced eutherian predators,and numerous species extinctions and range retractions have *** reasons for this loss requires greater understanding of their *** of the pinnae and tympanic bullae varies markedly among *** hearing is important for both predator avoidance and prey location,the variability in ear morphology could reflect specialization and adaptation to specific environments,and therefore be of conservation *** measured 798 museum specimens representing 29 species of *** for phylogenetic relatedness and head length,pinna surface area was weakly negatively correlated with average precipitation(rainfall being our surrogate measure of vegetation productivity/complexity),and there were no environmental correlates with effective diameter(pinna width).Controlling for phylogenetic relatedness and skull length,tympanic bulla volume was negatively correlated with *** that inhabited drier habitats,which would be open and allow sound to carry further with less obstruction,had relatively larger pinnae and tympanic *** contrast,species from higher rainfall habitats,where sounds would be attenuated and diffused by dense vegetation,had the smallest pinnae and bullae,suggesting that low-frequency hearing is not as important in these *** with temperature did not reach statistical *** findings highlight linkages between hearing traits and habitat that can inform conservation and management strategies for threatened species.

关键词： external ear hearing ecology marsupial middle ear sound perception

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Exploiting a readily available but hard to digest resource:A review of exudativorous mammals identified thus far and how they cope in captivity

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第1期13卷 94-111页

作者： Francis CABANA Ellen S.DIERENFELD Wirdateti Giuseppe DONATI K.A.I.NEKARIS Wildlife Nutrition Centre Wildlife Reserves Singapore Nocturnal Primate Research Group Oxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK Ellen S.Dierenfeld LLCSt.LouisMissouri USA Zoological Division Indonesian Institute of ScienceCibinongIndonesia

Gum is a widely available carbohydrate,composed mainly of non-digestible structural *** mammalian enzymes can digest gum;therefore,a mammal ingesting gum must rely on microbial fermentation to access the energy it *** are relatively nutrient *** this,some mammals have evolved to exploit this food *** aim to review the literature for all mammal species which have been recorded to ingest gum,whether quantified or not,and discuss this in the context of their evolutionary *** also investigated the recommended captive diets for these species to look at whether gum is *** conducted a literature search on ISI Web of Knowledge to tabulate all mammal species observed ingesting gum and classified them as obligate,facultative or opportunistic *** encountered 94 mammal species that eat gum in the wild(27 obligate feeders,34 facultative feeders and 33 opportunistic feeders).Obligate feeders have entirely evolved to exploit this resource but were found to not be given gum in captivity,which may explain why they are failing to thrive,as opposed to facultative feeders,which have fewer *** may be necessary for the health of obligate feeders in *** research should focus on the physiological effects that gum ingestion poses on different digestive systems.

关键词： feeding ecology gum husbandry marsupial primate

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Responding to the weather:energy budgeting by a small mammal in the wild

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Current Zoology 2020年第1期66卷 15-20页

作者： Taylor HUME Fritz GEISER Shannon E.CURRIE Gerhard KORTNER Clare STAWSKI Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology ZoologyUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Alfred-Kowalke-Str.17Berlin10315Germany Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim7491Norway

Energy conservation is paramount for small mammals because of their small size,large surface area to volume ratio,and the resultant high heat loss to the *** survive on limited food resources and to fuel their expensive metabolism during activity,many small mammals employ daily torpor to reduce energy expenditure during the rest *** hypothesized that a small terrestrial semelparous marsupial,the brown antechinus Antechinus stuartii,would maximize activity when foraging conditions were favorable to gain fat reserves before their intense breeding period,but would increase torpor use when conditions were poor to conserve these fat *** antechinus were trapped and implanted with small temperature-sensitive radio transmitters to record body temperature and to quantify torpor expression and activity patterns in the *** antechinus used torpor at least once per day over the entire study *** daily torpor use increased and mean daily body temperature decreased significantly with a reduction in minimum ambient ***,antechinus employed less torpor on days with more rain and decreasing barometric *** contrast to torpor expression,activity was directly related to ambient temperature and inversely related to barometric *** results reveal that antechinus use a flexible combination of physiology and behavior that can be adjusted to manage their energy budget according to weather variables.

关键词： antechinus heterothermy marsupial semelparous temperature torpor

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