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marsh persistence under sea-level rise is controlled by multiple,geologically variable stressors

Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第10期3卷 22-38页

作者： M.Mitchell J.Herman D.M.Bilkovic C.Hershner Virginia Institute of Marine Science College of William&MaryGloucester PointVAUSA

Introduction:marshes contribute to habitat and water quality in estuaries and coastal *** importance to continued ecosystem functioning has led to concerns about their ***:Concurrent with sea-level rise,marshes are eroding and appear to be disappearing through ponding in their interior;in addition,in many places,they are being replaced with shoreline stabilization *** examined the changes in marsh extent over the past 40 years within a subestuary of Chesapeake Bay,the largest estuary in the United States,to better understand the effects of sea-level rise and human pressure on marsh ***:Approximately 30 years ago,an inventory of York River estuary marshes documented the historic extent of *** were resurveyed in 2010 to examine shifts in tidal marsh extent and *** change varied spatially along the estuary,with watershed changes between a 32%loss and an 11%gain in marsh *** of marsh was apparent in high energy sections of the estuary while there was marsh gain in the upper/riverine section of the estuary and where forested hummocks on marsh islands have become *** showed little change in the small tributary creeks,except in the creeks dominated by fringing marshes and high shoreline ***:Differential resilience to sea-level rise and spatial variations in erosion,sediment supply,and human development have resulted in spatially variable changes in specific marsh extents and are predicted to lead to a redistribution of marshes along the estuarine gradient,with consequences for their unique communities.

关键词： Chesapeake Bay climate change coastal resilience marsh change salt marsh sea-level rise tidal wetlands

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Impact of marsh changes on breeding cranes in Sanjiang Plain,northeastern China

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Chinese Birds 2012年第3期03卷 165-179页

作者：江红星钱法文刘春悦李晓民侯韵秋张国钢戴铭刘冬平中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所国家林业局森林保护学重点实验室北京100091 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所长春130012 东北林业大学野生动物资源学院哈尔滨150040

In order to measure the impact of changes in the marsh on breeding Red-crowned Cranes (Grus japonensis) and White-naped Cranes (***) in the Sanjiang Plain,we conducted a complete crane súrvey in each of the summers of 2007 and 2008,and obtained information on the changes in its marsh through interpretation of satellite images in 1986,1995,2000 and 2005.A comparison between the 1984 and 2008 census shows that:1) the number of Red-crowned Cranes remained stable at about 300 birds,while the number of White-naped Cranes increased markedly; 2) the estimates of nests of Red-crowned cranes are close to the numbers of 1984,while approximately 90％ of the nests of these two crane species were distributed over five national nature reserves (NNRs); 3) the two crane species became more concentrated in three regions,i.e.,the Fuyuan Delta,the middle reaches of the Naoli and Qixing rivers,and the Xingkai Lake wetlands,rather as formerly in six *** area of the marsh decreased by 45％ within the 20-year period from 1986 to *** major loss of the marsh area was in the form of a conversion to paddy fields and dry land,which can be primarily attributed to direct human activity under various economic and policy *** disappearance of cranes in the Dulu and Abuqin rivers was induced by large-scale agricultural *** fragmentation into and isolation of small areas of the marsh became increasingly more serious,which resulted in unsuitable condtions for crane breeding in small patches of the *** number of cranes declined from 1984-1995 but had recovered remarkably by 2008,which may be due to theestablishment of a system of nature reserves,in place since *** land ownership of the reserve plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of the wetland ecosystem,especially in Sanjiang,Honghe,Naolihe and Qixinghe NNRs,which together accommodated approximately 80％ of the population of ***,we did not discover any nests at all in the provincial and

关键词： Red-crowned Crane White-naped Crane breeding population size marsh change habitat loss Sanjiang Plain

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